scholarly journals First report of an entomopathogenic nematode from continental Portugal

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Valadas ◽  
S. Boyle ◽  
P. Vieira ◽  
T. Kakouli-Duarte ◽  
M. Mota
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Nematode Genus

AbstractIn continental Portugal no information is available concerning the occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes. During a survey in several different habitats from the southern regions of the country, several isolates where identified as Steinernema feltiae. This represents the first report of an entomopathogenic nematode genus for continental Portugal.

Sex and the dynamics of infection in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Bohan ◽  
W.M. Hominick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Infection Interaction

AbstractAn infection experiment was conducted to assess the change in the proportions of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Site 76 strain) infective juveniles becoming male or female on exposure to the test host Galleria mellonella L. Using a mathematical model for the infection interaction, the per capita probability of penetration per unit time (transmission coefficient), for those juveniles becoming male or female, and the magnitude of the male and female classes in the infective juvenile pool were estimated. The results show that S. feltiae infective juveniles which subsequently become female have a greater probability of invasion into test hosts than their male counterparts, which leads to markedly female biased sex ratios during the initial stages of the infection interaction. As the infection progresses, however, it was found that the sex ratio became balanced. This was because the underlying sex ratio in the infective stage pool was balanced. The implications of this dynamism in the sex ratio of the entomopathogenic nematodes are discussed with respect to the infection interaction, transmission and the likely environment in which the infective juveniles reside.

scholarly journals First report of the isolation of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema australe (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiisetso E. Lephoto ◽  
Vincent M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

A survey was conducted in Walkerville, south of Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa) between 2012 and 2016 to ascertain the diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes in the area. Entomopathogenic nematodes are soil-dwelling microscopic worms with the ability to infect and kill insects, and thus serve as eco-friendly control agents for problem insects in agriculture. Steinernematids were recovered in 1 out of 80 soil samples from uncultivated grassland; soil was characterised as loamy. The entomopathogenic nematodes were identified using molecular and morphological techniques. The isolate was identified as Steinernema australe. This report is the first of Steinernema australe in South Africa. S. australe was first isolated worldwide from a soil sample obtained from the beach on Isla Magdalena – an island in the Pacific Ocean, 2 km from mainland Chile.

scholarly journals Cold tolerance of entomopathogenic nematodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
F. Ali ◽  
D.A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Cold Stage

Entomopathogenic nematodes in the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families are lethal parasites of insects They have great potential as biological control agents since they can be mass produced in vitro However their limited shelf life is the major impediment to their large scale commercial application Attempts to base a storage technology on partial desiccation and anhydrobiosis have met with limited success The natural capacity of entomopathogenic nematodes for freezing tolerance could be an alternative to be exploited as a first step towards developing a method for their longterm storage In the present laboratory experiments the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae has shown to be freezetolerant if frozen at relatively high subzero temperature with survival near the level of controls However slow freezing at high subzero temperature (1C) enhanced the nematodes survival at lower temperatures (down to 12C) Freezing of the nematodes was confirmed under the cold stage microscope although the mechanism of survival in the slow freezing regime was difficult to visualise through cold stage microscopy This mechanism needs to be investigated further via a different technique such as freeze substitution and electron microscopy Neither acclimation nor rapid cold hardening improved the survival of nematodes significantly

scholarly journals First record of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Slovenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Laznik ◽  
T. Tóth ◽  
T. Lakatos ◽  
M. Vidrih ◽  
S. Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Recorded Instance

AbstractIn October 2007 we examined 80 soil samples from 16 different locations in the central part of Slovenia (the Notranjska region) and confirmed the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes only in two soil samples. This represents the first recorded instance of an entomopathogenic nematode in Slovenia. In sample B30 we confirmed the presence of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) by means of a molecular technique. In Slovenia the application of entomopathogenic nematodes was hitherto possible only in laboratory experiments, while the Rules on Biological Plant Protection made the practical application of exotic organisms in the domestic environment entirely impossible. After the first record of the entomopathogenic nematode S. feltiae we expect the aformentioned agent to become an important alternative to insecticides in plant protection against pest insects.

Phenotypic characterization of the Xenorhabdus bacterial symbiont of a Texas strain of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave, and characterization of the Xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial symbiont of a Newfoundland strain of Steinernema feltiae

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun He ◽  
Roger Gordon ◽  
John A Gow
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Low Concentrations

Two bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, one of which originated from Texas, U.S.A., and the other from Newfoundland, Canada, were characterized phenotypically. These strains belonged to the genus Xenorhabdus. The Newfoundland (NF) strain was shown to be X. bovienii but the Texas (TX) strain was not identified at the species level. Four additional cultures of Xenorhabdus were included in the study. These were a strain of X. bovienii (Umeå), which was from a nematode of European origin, and strains of X. nematophilus, X.beddingii, and X.poinarii. The tests used in this study indicated identical properties for the NF (North American) and Umeå (European) strains of X. bovienii. These could be differentiated from the other strains studied by their failure to grow at 34°C and resistance to low concentrations of a mixture of amoxilline and clavulanic acid. The Xenorhabdus TX strain could be differentiated from the other strains studied by its failure to grow at 10°C. Of the tests done, approximately 30 were useful in distinguishing between the strains and species studied.Key words: symbionts, nematode, Steinernema, Xenorhabdus, Xenorhabdus bovienii.

scholarly journals First report of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Majić ◽  
A. Sarajlić ◽  
T. Lakatos ◽  
T. Tóth ◽  
E. Raspudić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Original Description ◽  
First Record ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Different Strains

Summary A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in Croatia between 2016 and 2017. The steinernematids were recovered in two out of 100 soil samples from agricultural land characterized as loamy soils with acidic reaction. Molecular and morphological identification was used to distinguish the nematodes. The isolates were identified as two different strains conspecific with Steinernema feltiae. The variations in morphometrical characteristics of infective juveniles (IJs) and males were observed among Croatian strains and with the original description. The analysis of ITS region revealed the greatest similarity of Croatian strains with Slovenian B30 and English A2 strains, which together comprised a monophyletic group in evolutionary analysis. This is the first record of steinernematids, namely S. feltiae in Croatia.

scholarly journals VIRULENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE TO PUPAE AND ADULTS OF Drosophila suzukii IN LABORATORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Drosophila suzukii is considered one of the most important pests of fruit farming. Due to its rapid expansion, control alternatives of this fly should be investigated. The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represents an important tool in the control. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of EPNs isolates in pupae and the repercussion in adults of D. suzukii in laboratory. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. Each plot consisted of a Petri dish lined with two sheets of filter paper. The isolates Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCBn 24, Heterorhabditis indica IBCBn 05, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCBn 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCBn 47 were inoculated into 2 mL at the concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles IJs/mL. The control treatment consisted of 2 mL distilled water. After inoculation, five pupae of D. suzukii were placed in the Petri dishes, which were then sealed and stored in a BOD climate chamber at 26 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH in the dark. Assessments were performed daily until the emergence of adults. Dead pupae and adults were dissected for the observation and quantification of IJs. The isolates, H. indica IBCBn 05, H. amazonensis IBCBn 24, S. carpocapsae IBCBn 02 and S. feltiae IBCBn 47, infected and made unviable 35.0, 16.0, 13.0 and 43.0% in pupae and 47.0, 80.0, 84.0 and 57.0 % in adults of D. suzukii. H. indica IBCBn 05 obtained the highest number of IJs produced in pupae and adults, 35.0 and 125.0.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Two Commercially Available Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick X. Caamano ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Leellen F. Solter ◽  
Declan J. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
End Users ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Percent Survival

The quality of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is critical to their success as biological control agents, but it is difficult to evaluate quality because standard procedures are not available. Generally, the quality of biological control agents is determined by field performance because end users may have minimal knowledge pertaining to the condition of biological control agents before application. This study assessed the variability in quality of commercially available EPN products. The authors evaluated preapplication survival of five EPN formulations, Steinernema feltiae (NemaShield, Nemasys, Gnat Not, Horticultural Scanmask), and Heterorhabditis indica (GrubStake-Hi), based on eight shipments/samples of each EPN product received during a 5-month period (July to November). The estimated total number of EPN delivered per shipment (i.e., sample) was compared with the expected quantity listed on the label, and percent live EPN was determined for each shipment. One-half of the shipments of Gnat Not (four of eight) contained 40% to 70% of the number of EPN expected based on the label (25 million). The remaining shipments contained consistently higher numbers, with 99% of the expected quantity of EPN received. Entomopathogenic nematode mean percent survival was highest for Nemasys (98%) and lowest for Horticultural Scanmask (56%). The overall mean percent survival for Gnat Not and GrubStake-Hi, both from the same supplier, was more than 85%. Survival of EPN in the NemaShield product was as low as 50%, but was typically between 65% and 75%. NemaShield and Nemasys were the only two EPN products that provided return policy information if the product was damaged in any way. It is important for distributors and suppliers to ensure that EPN products are in quality condition before shipping to avoid performance failures and loss of customers. In addition, end users need to evaluate shipments upon receipt to determine the viability of EPN products.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on Mecorhis ungarica (Herbst, 1784) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiye Uzun ◽  
Fatma Gül Göze Özdemir ◽  
Ozan Demirözer
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Rose

Abstract Background In this study, the virulances of 4 different concentrations of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) on adults of the rose weevil, Mecorhis ungarica (Herbst, 1784) (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae) were tested under laboratory conditions. Results Ten replications for each concentration where 5 adults for each replicate were used. Suspensions prepared from each concentration, containing 3rd instar juveniles (infective juveniles) of S. feltiae, were sprayed on the pest adults for 20 s at 1 atm pressure. Deltamethrin was applied, at the recommended concentration (30 ml/ha), as a positive control, while pure water was used as negative control. Observations started 72 h after the applications and continued until the 15th day. The White Trap Method used for the re-isolation of nematodes from dead individuals obtained in observation days. As a result of the study, obtained mortality rates in concentration of S. feltiae (100, 150, 200, 250 million IJs/100 l water) were not different from each other but were found significant than control (P < 0.05). Additionally, among the number of re-isolated 3rd juveniles, the highest mean number was found on 200 million IJs concentration and the lowest mean was determined on 150 million IJs concentration. Tested concentrations of S. feltiae caused 80, 86, 82, and 92% death on adult individuals on the 15th day. Mortality rates caused by each concentration depending on the time were not significant between each other (P > 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was determined that different concentrations of S. feltiae were effective on adults of rose weevil. It is thought that entomopathogenic nematodes may be an alternative and promising biological control strategy to reduce the risk of pesticide residues in oil-bearing rose production areas.

Allelopathy: a possible mechanism of suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by entomopathogenic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
Sudha Venkatachari
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A possible mechanism of suppression of a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita by entomopathogenic nematodes is described. Heat-killed entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and S. riobrave temporarily suppressed penetration of the root-knot nematode M. incognita into tomato roots, but live nematodes had no effect. Infective juvenile M. incognita were repelled from all entomopathogenic nematode treatments that included their symbiotic bacteria. They were repelled by Galleria mellonella cadavers infected with S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave and from cell-free culture filtrates of the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii, and Xenorhabdus sp. "R" from the three nematode species, respectively. Cell-free filtrates from all three Xenorhabdus spp. were toxic to M. incognita infective juveniles causing 98-100% mortality at 15% concentration. Cell-free filtrate of Xenorhabdus sp. "R" also reduced the hatch of M. incognita eggs. Application of formulated bacterial cell-free filtrates temporarily suppressed M. incognita penetration into tomato roots in a greenhouse trial. The short-term effects of cell-free bacterial filtrates, namely toxicity and repellency, were almost entirely due to ammonium. These results demonstrate allelopathic interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria. The likely role of allelopathy in the suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by innundative applications of entomopathogenic nematodes is discussed. Allelopathie: Ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch insektenpathogene Nematoden - Es wird ein moglicher Mechanismus zur Unterdruckung des pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden Meloidogyne incognita durch insektenpathogene Nematoden beschrieben. Durch Hitze abgetotete insektenpathogene Nematoden Steinernema feltiae und S. riobrave underdruckten das Eindringen des Wurzelgallenalchens M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln, lebende Nematoden hatten keine Wirkung. Infektionsjuvenile von M. incognita wurden von allen Behandlungen mit insektenpathogenen Nematoden abgestossen, die auch die symbiontischen Bakterien einschlossen. Sie wurden durch die Kadaver von Galleria mellonella abgestossen, die mit S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae und S. riobrave infiziert waren sowie durch zellfreie Kultursubstrate der symbiontischen Bakterien Xenorhabdus nematophilus, X. bovienii und Xenorhabdus sp. "R" aus den drei genannten Nematodenarten. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von allen drei Xenorhabdus spp. waren giftig fur die Infektionsjuvenilen von M. incognita und verursachten in einer Konzentration von 15% Abtotungsraten von 98-100%. Zellfreie Kultursubstrate von Xenorhabdus sp. "R" vermiderten ausserdem das Schlupfen von M. incognita-Eiern. In einem Gewachshausversuch unterdruckten formulierte zellfreie Bakterienfiltrate vorubergehend das Eindringen von M. incognita in Tomatenwurzeln. Die Kurzzeitwirkungen von zellfreien Bakterien filtraten, namentlich Giftigkeit und Abstossung, waren nahezu ganz bedingt durch Ammoniak. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Vorhandensein von allelopathischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen pflanzenparasitaren Nematoden, insektenpathogenen Nematoden und deren symbiontischen Bakterien. Die wahrscheinliche Rolle von Allelopathie bei der Unterdruckung pflanzenparasitarer Nematoden durch eine Massenanwendung insektenpathogener Nematoden wird diskutiert.

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