scholarly journals Parasitic helminthes — probable cause of death of birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okulewicz ◽  
J. Sitko
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Willow Tit ◽  
House Martin ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractParasitic helminths were the probable cause of death of 41 passeriform birds (29 adults and 12 juveniles in their first year of life) caught in the net during the spring and autumn ringing (1986–2010). The birds (1 Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, 1 House Martin Delichon urbica, 2 Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus, 9 Great Tit Parus major, 3 Willow Tit Poecile palustris, 1 Great Reed Acrocephalus arundinaceus, 1 Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, 3 Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, 2 Dunnock Prunella modularis, 1 Magpie Pica pica, 5 Robin Erithacus rubecula, 9 Common Blackbird Turdus merula and 3 Song Thrush T. philomelos) were caught in the environs of Přerov (Czech Republic). The helminths: trematodes, tapeworms, nematodes and hook worms, were located in the intestine, glandular and muscular stomach, cloaca, rectum, gall bladder, liver, pulmonary cavity, air sac, nasal and orbital cavity and subcutaneous tissue of the hosts. The intensity of invasion with different species of parasites was up to 734 per host. Some parasites Brachydistomum ventricosum, Mosesia sittae, Aprocta cylindrica, Diplotriaena tridens were acquired at the wintering grounds. All the helmniths were heteroxenous, with development cycle involving intermediate hosts (invertebrates) which are part of the birds’ diet.

scholarly journals Social transmission in the wild can reduce predation pressure on novel prey signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Hämäläinen ◽  
William Hoppitt ◽  
Hannah M. Rowland ◽  
Johanna Mappes ◽  
Anthony J. Fulford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Animal Communities

AbstractSocial transmission of information is taxonomically widespread and could have profound effects on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of animal communities. Demonstrating this in the wild, however, has been challenging. Here we show by field experiment that social transmission among predators can shape how selection acts on prey defences. Using artificial prey and a novel approach in statistical analyses of social networks, we find that blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tit (Parus major) predators learn about prey defences by watching others. This shifts population preferences rapidly to match changes in prey profitability, and reduces predation pressure from naïve predators. Our results may help resolve how costly prey defences are maintained despite influxes of naïve juvenile predators, and suggest that accounting for social transmission is essential if we are to understand coevolutionary processes.

Does the Threat of European Pine Marten (Martes Martes) Predation Influence the Height of Nests Built by Blue Tits(Cyanistes Caeruleus)and Great Tits (Parus Major)?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kaliński ◽  
Jarosław Wawrzyniak ◽  
Mirosława Bańbura ◽  
Joanna Skwarska ◽  
Piotr Zieliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Martes Martes ◽  
Pine Marten ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Blue Tits ◽  
European Pine Marten

Seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick, Ixodes arboricola

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. HEYLEN ◽  
A. R. VAN OOSTEN ◽  
N. DEVRIENDT ◽  
J. ELST ◽  
L. DE BRUYN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Tick Transmission ◽  
Ixodes Arboricola

SUMMARYBird-specific ticks do not infest humans and livestock, but these ticks often share their avian hosts with generalist ticks that do. Therefore, their feeding activity may have an impact on the transmission of pathogens outside bird–tick transmission cycles. Here we examined the seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick (Ixodes arboricola) in relation to the activity of its hole-breeding hosts (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus). We analysed data on ticks derived from birds, on the abundance of engorged ticks inside nest boxes, and on bird nests that were experimentally exposed to ticks. We observed a non-random pattern of feeding associated with the tick instar and host age. The majority of adult ticks fed on nestlings, while nymphs and larvae fed on both free-flying birds and nestlings. Due to their fast development, some ticks were able to feed twice within the same breeding season. The highest infestation rates in free-flying birds were found during the pre-breeding period and during autumn and winter when birds roost inside cavities. Except during winter, feeding of I. arboricola overlapped in time with the generalist Ixodes ricinus, implying that tick-borne microorganisms that are maintained by I. arboricola and birds could be bridged by I. ricinus to other hosts.

Supplementary Information – Chapter 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Marta Szulkin ◽  
Colin J. Garroway ◽  
Michela Corsini ◽  
Andrzej Z. Kotarba ◽  
Davide Dominoni
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Blue Tits

Environmental variation was quantified at nestboxes monitored as part of a prospectively long-term project on the ecology and evolution of great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus in Warsaw, Poland. Nine axes of environmental variation were investigated across 9 different urban sites, for a total of 565 specific locations (here: nestboxes). Data was collected on the ground, with the use of GIS and remote sensing using the following methodology:...

Extraintestinal Acanthocephalan Oncicola venezuelensis (Oligacanthorhynchidae) in Small Indian Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽  
Sreekumari Rajeev ◽  
Mark A. Freeman ◽  
Amy Beierschmitt ◽  
Victoria Savinon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Herpestes Auropunctatus ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Green Monkeys ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

We identified multiple extraintestinal cystacanths during routine postmortem examination of 3 small Indian mongooses and 2 African green monkeys from the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. In mongooses, cystacanths were encysted or free in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, or peritoneal or pericardial cavities, whereas in the monkeys, they were in the cavity and parietal layer of the, tunica vaginalis, skeletal muscle, and peritoneal cavity. Morphological, histological, and molecular characterization identified these cystacanths as Oncicola venezuelensis (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae). There was minimal to mild lymphoplasmacytic inflammation associated with the parasite in the mongooses and moderate inflammation, mineralization, hemorrhage, and fibrosis in the connective tissue between the testis and epididymis in 1 monkey. We identified a mature male O. venezuelensis attached in the aboral jejunum of a feral cat, confirming it as the definitive host. Termites serve as intermediate hosts and lizards as paratenic hosts. This report emphasizes the role of the small Indian mongoose and African green monkey as paratenic hosts for O. venezuelensis.

Relationship between Blood Haemoglobin and Glucose Concentrations in Adult Great Tits (Parus Major) and Blue Tits (Cyanistes Caeruleus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kaliñski ◽  
Mirostawa Bańbura ◽  
Michat Glądalski ◽  
Marcin Markowski ◽  
Joanna Skwarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Common Value ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Blue Tits

Haematological and blood chemistry variables are widely used in ecophysiological research as physiological indices of body condition in various vertebrate taxa. In this study, we analysed relationships between blood glucose and blood haemoglobin concentrations of adult birds in wild populations of Blue Tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tits ( Parus major) during the breeding season in central Poland. We found that blood glucose and blood haemoglobin concentrations are negatively correlated. We also show that individual Blue Tits have higher mean haemoglobin levels adjusted for the common value of glucose concentration than individual Great Tits and that females of both species have higher mean haemoglobin concentrations than males. Our results suggest that haematological as well as biochemical variables may be used in tune as complementary indices of body condition in wild bird populations.

scholarly journals Spirometra(Pseudophyllidea, Diphyllobothriidae) Severely Infecting Wild-Caught Snakes from Food Markets in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, Guangdong, China: Implications for Public Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumin Wang ◽  
Weiye Li ◽  
Liushuai Hua ◽  
Shiping Gong ◽  
Jiajie Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Human Sparganosis

Sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the spargana ofSpirometra, and snake is one of the important intermediate hosts of spargana. In some areas of China, snake is regarded as popular delicious food, and such a food habit potentially increases the prevalence of human sparganosis. To understand the prevalence ofSpirometrain snakes in food markets, we conducted a study in two representative cities (Guangzhou and Shenzhen), during January–August 2013. A total of 456 snakes of 13 species were examined and 251 individuals of 10 species were infected bySpirometra, accounting for 55.0% of the total samples. The worm burden per infected snake ranged from 1 to 213, and the prevalence in the 13 species was 0∼96.2%. More than half (58.1%) of the spargana were located in muscular tissue, 25.6% in subcutaneous tissue, and 16.3% in coelomic cavity. The results indicated thatSpirometraseverely infected snakes in food markets in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, implying that eating snakes has great health risk and improper cooking methods may increase the risk ofSpirometrainfection in humans in China. Additional steps should be considered by the governments and public health agencies to prevent the risk of snake-associatedSpirometrainfections in humans.

scholarly journals HELMINTH FAUNA OF MAIN COMMERCIAL FISH IN LAKE ECOSYSTEM OF THE NAROCHANSKY NATIONAL PARK (REPUBLIC OF BELARUS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Degtyarik ◽  
Poloz ◽  
Bespaliy ◽  
Slobodnitskaya ◽  
Benetskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Level Of Invasion ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii

The composition of the helminth fauna of the main commercial fish species in the lake ecosystem of the Narochansky National Park was determined. It is represented by 10 species of helminths having a complex development cycle with the participation of intermediate hosts, as well as 1 species of helminths (Gyrodactylus sp.), a representative of cl. Monogenea, having a direct development cycle. It was noted that the highest level of invasion was typical for larvae of trematodes Tylodelphys conifera. The greatest variety of parasitic helminths is observed in fish from lake Miastro and Naroch (7 species of helminths each). It was revealed that the most common representatives of the helminth fauna of fish inhabiting the lakes of Narochansky National Park are metacercariae of trematodes of the Diplostomum genus. They were found in fish in all water reservoirs examined. Their host spectrum was also the widest. Examination of the three-spine stickleback showed a severe damage by plerocercoids Ligula intestinalis (prevalence 92% to 98.4%, infection intensity 1–4 pairs per fish). In addition, proboscis worms Acanthocephalus lucii were found in the intestines of the three-spine stickleback. The trematode fauna of fish muscles from the Naroch lake group is rather poor and represented by three types of helminths: Rhipidocotyle illense, Paracoenogonimus ovatus and Apophallus muelingi.

scholarly journals “The tale of the three little tits”: Different nest building solutions under the same environmental pressures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Iván Alambiaga ◽  
Elena Álvarez ◽  
David Diez-Méndez ◽  
José Verdejo ◽  
Emilio Barba
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Nest Size ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Evolutionary selection pressures, and species-specific ecology and behavior, promote a great variability in the size and composition of nests. However, it would be expected that phylogenetically close species, with similar ecological needs, breeding at the same time in the same place, would also build similar nests. In contrast with this, previous studies have found differences in nest mass and composition among closely related sympatric species. These differences have been attributed to small differences in body size (smaller species building larger and/or more insulated nests), or to the different ways in which species perceive the environment (e.g. perceived predation risk). In this study, for the first time, we searched for differences between nest mass, composition, and importance of the different functional parts of the nest between Blue ( Cyanistes caeruleus), Great ( Parus major) and Coal tits ( Periparus ater) breeding under the same conditions. We found that smaller species built larger nests and/or include more thermoregulatory materials, probably having greater insulating capacity, which agrees with previous hypotheses. In particular, Blue Tits made greater use of bark, feathers and vegetable fiber, while Great Tits used wild boar hair in greater proportions. In addition, for the first time, we described in detail the nest composition of Coal Tits, which contained large amounts of fluff compared to the other two species. All these results are in line with previous hypothesis linking nest size and composition to the size of the birds, and the existence of species-specific characteristics in the selection of materials for nest building.

Parasitic helminths of the wild rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus, in different bioclimatic zones in Tenerife, Canary Islands

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Foronda ◽  
A. Del Castillo ◽  
N. Abreu ◽  
E. Figueruelo ◽  
J. Piñero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Wild Rabbit ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenerife Island ◽  
The Mean

AbstractFaunistic and ecological analyses of the wild rabbit helminth fauna were undertaken in Tenerife island (Canary Islands). Rabbits were collected between 1998 and 2000 in seven bioclimatic zones in Tenerife selected by orientation and altitude. Five parasite species were identified, three cestodes (Taenia pisiformis(larvae),Andrya cuniculiandMosgovoyia ctenoides) and two nematodes (Trichostrongylus retortaeformisandPassalurus ambiguus).Taenia pisiformispresented an irregular distribution with significant differences in prevalences between the zones.Andrya cuniculiwas only found in two zones and there were no significant differences in prevalence values.Mosgovoyia ctenoidespresented a wide distribution with significant prevalences, which were higher in northern compared to southern zones.Trichostrongylus retortaeformiswas absent in the low southern zones of the island.Passalurus ambiguuswas found in all zones with no significant difference in the prevalence of infection. The differences in prevalences are likely to be explained by abiotic factors in the case ofT. retortaeformis, and by the absence of definitive and intermediate hosts in the case ofT. pisiformisandA. cuniculi, respectively. All parasite species in Tenerife are common helminths in the Iberian Peninsula, from which their rabbit hosts originated. No significant differences were recorded in the mean intensities of infection of any of the parasite species identified.

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