Diet composition and foraging activity of Pipistrellus pygmaeus in a floodplain forest

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bartonička ◽  
Zdeněk Řehák ◽  
Michal Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Main Food Item

AbstractIn 2000–2002 bat droppings were collected under the emerging crevice of a nursery colony of Pipistrellus pygmaeus. The locality was situated in a floodplain forest at the confluence of the Dyje and Morava rivers (S Moravia, Czech Republic). In total, 27 samples (20 pellets in one sample) of droppings were used to analyze prey remains. In the diet, 40 taxonomic groups of invertebrates were found. As expected, small dipteran insects were the main food item in which Nematocera dominated. Besides Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae also a high percentage of nematoceran eggs were recorded. Surprisingly, a relatively high percentage of Brachycera was recorded. Further frequent prey items belonged to the orders of Trichoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Sternorrhyncha. A heterodyne bat detector was used to follow foraging activity of P. pygmaeus on line transects in forest and water habitats in the vicinity of the colony. A significant decrease in foraging activity over water habitats and in forest sites during the late pregnancy (mid-May — early June) and an increase during the lactation and post-lactation periods (mid-June — early August) were found. Changes in the frequency of occurrence of Chironomidae, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Aphidinea and Simuliidae were correlated with the bats’ foraging activity.

scholarly journals Variation in diet composition of the mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, from Hau River, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Minh Dinh ◽  
Lam Thanh Tran ◽  
Tuyet Thi Minh Tran ◽  
Diem Kieu To ◽  
Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Food Item

Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton, 1822) is a mudskipper of the Mekong Delta that can be found along estuaries and lower reaches of rivers. In the present study, we determined diet and feeding ecology of this species by analyzing the contents within the stomachs of 1360 fish samples collected from August 2017 to July 2018. Data analysis suggested that P. septemradiatus is a carnivorous fish. We found six main food item categories: small fishes, prawns (Acetes spp.), crabs (Uca spp.), molluscs, ants (Dolichoderus sp.), and detritus. Both males and females at different sizes, seasons, and habitats ingest primarily Dolichoderus sp., secondarily detritus, and rarely other prey. Diet composition was similar between sexes but varied according to fish size, season, and habitat. Dolichoderus sp. and detritus regulate the spatial variation of food composition. Our findings contribute to future artificial cultivation for conservation.

Diet of the endangered spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) at the centre of its distribution in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
L. Marszał ◽  
M. Grzybkowska ◽  
D. Błońska ◽  
J. Leszczyńska ◽  
M. Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Habitat Segregation ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Distribution In Europe

The feeding habits of spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus were investigated in a tributary of the River Vistula (Poland). To evaluate size-related patterns of resource use, fish were assigned to three size classes, defined according to size at first maturation: small (29–70-mm total length, TL), medium (71–90mm TL) and large (91–104mm TL). There was a significant ontogenetic shift in the feeding pattern among size classes, marked by differences in the proportion of the main taxonomic groups of prey consumed: small spirlin primarily consumed chironomid larvae, whereas medium and large spirlin showed a preference for Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera and imagines of unidentified insects. The proportion of prey taken from the water column was significantly lower for small- than medium- and large-sized spirlin. This difference was attributed to the benthic habits of small spirlin compared with medium and large spirlin. The shift to open water feeding in spirlin corresponded with sexual maturation, with habitat segregation between the smallest size class (comprising juveniles) and larger size classes (mature individuals). Size-specific changes in the diet composition of this species have not previously been documented.

scholarly journals Recent declines in benthic macroinvertebrate densities in Lake Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Lozano ◽  
Jill V Scharold ◽  
Thomas F Nalepa
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Benthic Food Web ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Important Food Item

Surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates conducted in Lake Ontario during 1994 and 1997 revealed recent declines in populations of three major taxonomic groups: Oligochaeta, Sphaeriidae, and Diporeia spp. (Amphipoda), with the most drastic reductions occurring in the latter. Results from sediment measurements were used to classify deepwater sediments into three habitat zones. Densities of all three taxa declined in the shallowest (12–88 m) of the sediment zones between 1994 and 1997; the greatest changes in density were observed for Diporeia, which declined from 3011 to 145 individuals·m–2, and for total benthic macroinvertebrates, which declined from 5831 to 1376 individuals· m–2. Mean densities of Dreissena spp. in 1997 were highest in the shallowest zone, and the areas of greatest densities corresponded to areas of largest reductions in Diporeia populations. We believe that dreissenids are competing with Diporeia by intercepting the supply of fresh algae essential for Diporeia survival. A decline in macroinvertebrate densities, especially populations of an important food item such as Diporeia, in Lake Ontario sediments at depths of 12–88 m may have a detrimental impact on the benthic food web.

Ecology of a Speleomantes ambrosii population inhabiting an artificial tunnel

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Melodia ◽  
Sebastiano Salvidio ◽  
Maria Tavano ◽  
Mauro Valerio Pastorino ◽  
Aldo Lattes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Juvenile Recruitment ◽  
Microhabitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Main Food Item

AbstractA Speleomantes ambrosii population living in an artificial tunnel in NW Italy was studied for two consecutive years. Activity on the walls varied cyclically in relation to seasonal temperatures and food abundance. The main food item was the trogloxenic dipteran Limonia nubeculosa, which accounted for more than 80% of the total ingested prey by volume. Juvenile cave salamanders had a broader trophic nich than adults. Oviposition and juvenile recruitment appeared to be seasonal. The spatial distribution inside the tunnel was related to microhabitat heterogeneity and particularly to the distance from the entrance. Juveniles were observed outside or close to the entrance more often than adults. Movement of adult salamanders were generally low and averaged 7 cm/day; some repeatedly recaptured individuals had a mean home range of 6 m2.

Observer differences in transect counts, cover estimates and plant size measurements on range monitoring sites in an arid shrubland.

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
PJ Curry ◽  
JF Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Arid Shrublands ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Error Estimations

A field trial was held to test between-observer differences in recording counts and measurements made at range monitoring sites in grazed shrublands near Carnarvon, Western Australia. Ten pairs of observers worked independently to count perennials by species, t o measure major and minor axes of marked shrubs and to estimate foliar cover on fixed transects within three shrub communities. Following simple conventions, observers identified and counted shrubs by species with coefficients of variation (C.V.) < 10%, except where species identification or inconspicuousness of young plants led to particular difficulty. Errors incurred by a rapid field technique for shrub measurement averaged 5-9% C.V. for the major axes dimensions on a range of shrub forms, while the recording of second axis diameters was subject to two to three times as much error. Estimations of total projected foliar cover varied by 25% C.V. using a wheel point technique and by 30% using intercepts on line transects. Estimations of cover by species were more variable. The significance of these findings in planning appropriate techniques for monitoring arid shrublands is discussed.

scholarly journals SENDEROS SUBMARINOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA: DESCRIPCIÓN BIOLÓGICA

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Gerardo E. Palacios Martínez
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
The Family ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Transects

Los recorridos en los Senderos Submarinos del Parque Nacional Cahuitapermitieron identificar los organismos marinos presentes. La descripción biológica de la flora y la fauna se basó en la metodología de línea transecto y observación directa. El Sendero Submarino Perezoso presentó un 40% de cobertura de coral vivo, entre los cuales estaba el coral estrella (Siderastrea siderea) como dominante, las especies de peces más frecuente pertenecen a la familia Pomacentridae. El erizo negro (Diadema antillarum) es el más frecuente de los invertebrados y las algas registradas son del género Dictyota y la especie Halimeda opuntia. Las especies de coral Siderastrea siderea y Agaricia agaricites son las más frecuentes en los senderos submarinos de Perezoso y Eduardo. This survey provides biological information regarding the underwater trails of Cahuita National Park, and identifies the most common species present. The biological description of the flora and fauna are based on line transects and direct observation. The Perezoso underwater trail had 40% live coral cover, of which the Lobe coral (Siderastrea siderea) was the most common; the most common species of fish belonged to the family Pomacentridae. The long spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) was the most common among the invertebrates, and the algae recorded belonged to the genera Dictyota and Halimeda. The coral species  Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia agaricites were the most common corals of the Perezoso and Eduardo underwater trails.

scholarly journals Impacts of a large hydroelectric dam on the Madeira River (Brazil) on floodplain avifauna

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310
Author(s):  
Tomaz Nascimendo de MELO ◽  
Marconi Campos CERQUEIRA ◽  
Fernando Mendonça D’HORTA ◽  
Hanna TUOMISTO ◽  
Jasper Van DONINCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Madeira River ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Successional Vegetation ◽  
Reservoir Filling

ABSTRACT Hydroelectric dams represent an important threat to seasonally flooded environments in the Amazon basin. We aimed to evaluate how a dam in the Madeira River, one of the largest tributaries of the Amazonas River, affected floodplain avifauna. Bird occurrence was recorded through simultaneous passive acoustic monitoring in early successional vegetation and floodplain forest downstream from the dam and upstream in sites impacted by permanent flooding after dam reservoir filling. Species were identified through manual inspection and semi-automated classification of the recordings. To assess the similarity in vegetation between downstream and upstream sites, we used Landsat TM/ETM+ composite images from before (2009-2011) and after (2016-2018) reservoir filling. Downstream and upstream floodplain forest sites were similar before, but not after dam construction. Early successional vegetation sites were already different before dam construction. We recorded 195 bird species. While species richness did not differ between upstream and downstream sites, species composition differed significantly. Ten species were indicators of early successional vegetation upstream, and four downstream. Ten species were indicators of floodplain forest upstream, and 31 downstream. Seven of 24 floodplain specialist species were detected by the semi-automated classification only upstream. While we found some bird species characteristic of early successional vegetation in the upstream sites, we did not find most species characteristic of tall floodplain forest. Predominantly carnivorous, insectivorous, and nectarivorous species appear to have been replaced by generalist and widely distributed species.

scholarly journals A web-based platform of nucleotide sequence alignments of plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Santos ◽  
João Carneiro ◽  
Filipe Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractIn recent years, a large number of nucleotide sequences have become available for plant species by the advent of massive parallel sequencing. The use of genomic data has been important for agriculture, food science, medicine or ecology. Despite the increasing amount of data, nucleotide sequences are usually available in public databases as isolated records with some descriptive information. Researchers interested in studying a wide range of specific plant families are forced to do multiple searches, sequence downloads, data curation and sequence alignments. In order to help researches overcoming these problems, we have built a comprehensive on-line resource of curated nucleotide sequence alignments for plant research, named PlantAligDB (available athttp://plantaligdb.portugene.com). The latest release incorporates 514 alignments with a total of 66,052 sequences from six important genomic regions:atpF-atpH,psbA-trnH,trnL,rbcL,matK and ITS. The alignments represent 223 plant families from a variety of taxonomic groups. The users can quickly search the database, download and visualize the curated alignments and phylogenetic trees using dynamic browser-based applications. Different measures of genetic diversity are also available for each plant family. We also provide the workflow script that allows the user to do the curation process, explaining the steps involved. Overall, the PlantAligDB provides a complete, quality checked and regularly updated collection of alignments that can be used in taxonomic, DNA barcoding, molecular genetics, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies.

Mammal assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Haugaasen ◽  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Várzea Forests ◽  
Community Dissimilarity ◽  
Mammal Communities

Few studies have contrasted faunal communities between flooded and unflooded tropical forests, and such attempts have largely been restricted to a few taxonomic groups. We present the first comparison of the composition and structure of an entire assemblage of mid-sized to large-bodied mammals in adjacent unflooded (terra firme) and flooded (várzea) forests of central-western Amazonia. We extend this comparison to 13 other terra firme and várzea forest sites in order to examine the fundamental dichotomy between mammal communities in these Amazonian environments. We found a consistently impoverished fauna in várzea environments both in terms of primates and other non-volant mammals, although primate density and biomass was substantially higher in várzea than in terra firme. The average Bray–Curtis mammal community dissimilarity between terra firme and várzea forests was 74%, whereas mean dissimilarity within várzea and terra firme samples was 40% and 39%, respectively. The results seem to be largely a function of high habitat heterogeneity and floristic diversity in terra firme and the physical connectivity and proximity of várzeas to adjacent terra firme forests. We suggest that inundated forests should be set aside as a crucial complement to Amazonian reserves dominated by terra firme forests in future biodiversity conservation planning.

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