Caddisflies (Trichoptera) as good indicators of environmental stress in mountain lotic ecosystems

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Kalaninová ◽  
Eva Bulánková ◽  
Ferdinand Šporka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Tatra Mts

AbstractWe analysed the influence of environmental stress (mainly deforestation of catchment due to windstorm) on taxonomic structure as well as composition of functional groups (FG) based on zonation preferences and feeding types of caddisfly species in 11 streams (12 sites) with various environmental conditions situated in the High Tatra Mts, Slovakia. Using Spearman correlation, we confirmed an expected positive association between taxonomic and functional groups richness (Ri), diversity (Shannon — Wiener Index) (Di) and equitability (Eq), but not with habitat diversity (HQA indices). By testing measured physiographical, physico-chemical and hydromorphological factors using CCA analysis we found that stream order and temperature best explained the functional and taxonomic structure of caddisfly assemblages. The occurrence of Rhyacophila glareosa decreased with increasing daily mean water temperature positively correlated with deforestation, whereas R. tristis (dominating at sites most affected by erosion) showed the opposite pattern. Composition of functional groups based on zonation preferences and feeding types distinguished well near natural sites from impacted ones, dominated by crenal/rhithral predators, and explained more of the overall variance of the species-environment relationships than taxonomic composition of caddisfly assemblages.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Orta: has functional structure recovered in one of the largest acidic lakes in the world?

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Lake Maggiore ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
She Analysis

Lake Orta (Northern Italy) became one of the world’s largest acidic lakes, following industrial pollution, beginning in the late 1920s. Prior to pollution, Lake Orta supported a rich and diversified phytoplankton community dominated by diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. Their taxonomic composition was comparable to that of the nearby Lake Maggiore, which provides a useful reference comparison. After pollution, Lake Orta was so acidic and contaminated with trace metals that only a few tolerant phytoplankton species persisted, supplemented by sudden and short living outbursts of occasional colonists. The lake was limed in 1989-1990. This has permitted the gradual recovery of its chemistry and biology, and many phytoplankton species that inhabit Lake Maggiore are now re-appearing in Lake Orta. I tested the two hypotheses that Lakes Orta and Maggiore would now have a similar phytoplankton taxonomic assemblages, and similar diversity of functional groups given their similar morphometry, physical features and trophic states. The two hypotheses were tested by comparing the phytoplankton assemblages of lakes Maggiore and Orta for the first 10 years after liming, i.e. 1990 to 2001. Phytoplankton was classified according the Reynolds' Morpho Functional Groups and five diversity indices were calculated (<em>S</em>, number of units; <em>H</em>, Shannon-Wiener; <em>E</em>, evenness; <em>D</em>, dominance; <em>J</em>, equitability). SHE analysis (an analysis of diversity changes based on the relationship among species richness (S), H Index (H) and evenness (E)) was also carried out, in order to compare the long term trend of both functional groups and taxa biodiversity. Both taxonomic and the functional composition differed in the two lakes, likely because chemical quality have played a role in <em>taxa</em>selection. Moreover, it was quite clear that, during the first post-liming decade, Lake Orta’s phytoplankton was characterized by low diversity and evenness and by marked year-to-year fluctuations. However, SHE analysis showed that the colonization rate was higher in Lake Orta than in Lake Maggiore, and that the environmental modifications caused by the liming were opening new ecological niches, allowing some colonists to thrive in the changing, albeit still unusual chemical environment of the lake.<p> </p>

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-873
Author(s):  
A. Y. Tikunov ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
V. V. Morozov ◽  
I. V. Babkin ◽  
G. V. Seledtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Irritable Bowel

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of sediments eDNA metabarcoding along arctic fjord

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Pawłowska ◽  
Jan Pawlowski ◽  
Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Inorganic Matter

Ecosystems of arctic fjords are exposed to various natural and human-induced stressors that shape the taxonomic structure and functioning. Glacial activity and meltwater inflows together with advection of sea water masses from shelves form variety of environmental gradients that have been shown to influence marine biota. Some of these stressors like sedimentation of inorganic matter, instabilities of bottom sediments or food supply have been recognized as drivers of benthic species richness and diversity with use of traditional (morphology based) methods (Węsławski et al. 2011, Włodarska-Kowalczuk et al. 2005, Włodarska-Kowalczuk et al. 2012). In this study we aimed to use eDNA metabarcoding based methods to discriminate ecological diversity of benthic Eukaryota along environmental gradient (fjord mouth – glacier) at 6 stations in Hornsund fjord (Svalbard). At each station we collected 9 surface sediment samples. To cover a wide diversity of eukaryotic taxa we sequenced mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S VIV2 genes to. Computational pipeline (SLIM, Dufresne et al. 2019) was used to de-multiplexed sequences, cluster them into ASVs and then taxonomically assigned. For the COI marker we distinguished 4486 unique ASVs, which in majority (95%) remained unassigned but constituted 51% of all sequences. Among sequences with assigned taxonomy 98% of them belonged to Opisthokonta clade, which consisted of 12 phyla in majority Annelida (80% of seqences) followed by Nemertea (13%) and Echinodermata (6%). In case of 18S marker we obtained 1309 unique ASVs, almost 70% of them were taxonomically assigned, constituting almost 97% of all sequences. Seven clades were assessed with dominance of Opistokonta (44%) followed by Stramenopiles (29%) and Rhizaria (18%) of all sequences. Among Opistokonta we noted 17 phyla, which were dominated by Annelida (54% of sequences) with significant share of Arthropoda (20%), Nematoda (10%) and Nemertea (8%). Analysis of alpha diversity expressed as number of unique ASV and Shannon-Wiener index showed different results for COI and 18S markers. For the first marker we did no notice any trend along fjord except much lower indices at the station nearest to the glacier, while for the second marker we observed a decline of both indices from fjord mouth towards glacier, however when data were limited only to benthic metazoans (e.g. excluding Calanoida or Chaetognatha) the trend was not that evident. Our results show that eDNA metabarcoding based methods may be successfully used for diversity assessments of arctic benthic fauna. Among the two markers we used 18S V1V2 allowed to assign higher number of taxa, however high proportion of sequences belonged to non-benthic and unicellular organism. Nevertheless, using 18S V1V2 data we observer similar biodiversity pattern along fjord (desceasing biodiversity with decreasing distance to glacier) that is known from traditional, morphological studies.

Epiphyton of oligotrophic lakes of Leningrad region

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Elena V. Stanislavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Epiphytic Communities

Here are results of investigation of taxonomic composition, community structure and dominant species of epiphytic algae in 12 oligotrophic lakes located in different geomorphic regions of Leningrad region. In summer epiphytic communities there were 385 algal taxa, they belonged to 6 taxonomic divisions: Cyanophyta (Cyanoprokaryota) – 50 (13%), Bacillaryophyta – 175 (45%), Chlorophyta – 37 (10%), Charophyta – 118 (30%), Xanthophyta – 4 (1,55%), Rhodophyta – 1 (0,45%). The taxonomic structure of each lake was predominant diatoms and desmids, but the biomass was dominated by zygnems and green algae. In total, the taxonomic composition of the epiphyton in the studied lakes is similar, the differences are revealed at the species level. The structure of dominanting epiphyton complex was rather constant and composed by a small number of species. The greatest contribution to the epiphyton was made by Tabellaria flocculosa and species of the genus Bulbochaete. The structure of the epiphyton reflects the undisturbed nature of lake ecosystems, as well as their northern location.

The impacts of deglaciation and human activity on the taxonomic structure of prokaryotic communities in Antarctic soils on King George Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Pershina ◽  
E.A. Ivanova ◽  
E.V. Abakumov ◽  
E.E. Andronov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis

AbstractThe soil microbiome was investigated at environmentally distinct locations on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) using 16 S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The taxonomic composition of the soil prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) was evaluated at three sites representing human-disturbed soils (Bellingshausen Station) and soils undergoing different stages of deglaciation (fresh and old moraines located near Ecology Glacier). The taxonomic analysis revealed 20 bacterial and archaeal phyla, among which Proteobacteria (29.6%), Actinobacteria (25.3%), Bacteroidetes (15.8%), Cyanobacteria (11.2%), Acidobacteria (4.9%) and Verrucomicrobia (4.5%) comprised most of the microbiome. In a beta-diversity analysis, the samples formed separate clusters. The Bellingshausen Station samples were characterized by an increased amount ofNostocsp. andJanibactersp. Although the deglaciation history had less of an effect on the soil microbiome, the early stages of deglaciation (Sample 1) had a higher proportion of bacteria belonging to the families Xanthomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Nocardioidaceae, whereas the older moraines (Sample 2) were enriched with Chthoniobacteriacae and N1423WL. Solirubrobacteriales, Gaiellaceae and Chitinophagaceae bacteria were present in both stages of deglaciation, characterized by genus-level differences. Taxonomic analysis of the abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed both endemic (Marisediminicola antarctica,Hymenobacter glaciei) and cosmopolitan bacterial species in the microbiomes.

scholarly journals Features of forming an invertebrate fauna in technogen environment (Kriviy Rig, Ukraine)

2016 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Y. Kul'Bachko ◽  
O. Pakhomov ◽  
O. Didur ◽  
I. Loza
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Small Thickness ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Dominance Structure

The features of invertebrate fauna forming in conditions of technogen pressure (Kriviy Rig, Ukraine) were studied. The taxonomic composition, dominance structure and correlation of soil invertebrates’ functional groups in the large industrial enterprises were examined. It had been found that a small thickness of the soil layer as a habitat for ground animals causes the depletion of taxonomic composition, species richness and decrease the total number of soil invertebrates. Gastropoda molluscs in conditions of technogen pressure are the most adapted to stresses group of invertebrates.

scholarly journals Differential effects of soil-based agricultural diversification on arthropods and crop yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor M. Lichtenberg ◽  
Ivan Milosavljević ◽  
Alistair J. Campbell ◽  
David Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Diversification

Agricultural diversification often promotes biodiversity and ecosystem services by increasing habitat diversity. However, responses to agricultural diversification are context dependent, differentially impacting functional groups of service-providing organisms and crop yields. Conservation and no tillage are promoted as agricultural diversification practices that increase soil heterogeneity and habitat diversity. Here we investigated whether soil tillage practices in canola crop fields altered arthropod biodiversity or yield, and how effects of field-scale diversification compared to landscape-scale habitat context. We focused on effects of high, medium, or no tillage on five functional groups with unique diets and reproductive strategies: (i) herbivores, (ii) kleptoparasites, (iii) parasitoids, (iv) pollinators, and (v) predators. Effects of agricultural diversification on arthropod abundance and diversity varied across functional groups. Pollinators responded to on-farm soil diversification, benefiting from medium tillage. Predators and herbivores responded most strongly to landscape-scale habitat composition and were more abundant in landscapes with more semi-natural habitat. However, variation in arthropod communities had little effect on canola crop yield, which was lowest in fields with no tillage. Policy implications: Our results indicate that natural history differences among arthropod functional groups mediate how habitat availability affects biodiversity. Crop yields, however, showed no response to biodiversity of ecosystem service providers. Our research highlights the need to determine the contexts in which soil diversification practices meet a multi-faceted goal of simultaneously supporting natural biodiversity, ecosystem services, and crop yield.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Mashkova ◽  
Anastasiya Kostryukova ◽  
Elena Shchelkanova ◽  
Viktor Trofimenko
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Status ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ilmen State Reserve ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Abstract. Mashkova IV, Kostryukova AM, Shchelkanova EE, Trofimenko VV. 2021. Short Communication: Zooplankton as indicator of trophic status of lakes in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 1448-1455. Zooplankton is a potentially powerful tool for assessing the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems. The current paper studied taxonomic composition and biomass of zooplankton communities in ten lakes within Ilmen State Reserve, Chelyabinsk region, Russia and identified the influence of trophic status on its formation. Integrated samples were taken from epilimnion in the summer of 2016-2019. Several criteria were used to determine trophic status: the taxonomic structure and biomass of zooplankton; some hydroecological indicators some hydroecological indicators and the Carlson index. The trophic status of the studied lakes, determined based on the zooplankton biomass, revealed that most of the lakes were in the status of mesotrophic. The number of zooplankton species in the lakes was 44 with Pleuroxus laevis, Bosmina longirostris, Simocephalus vetulus were the most numerous species in mesotrophic lakes; while Chaetonotus ploenensis, Keratella quadrata frenzeli, Leptodora kindti are rare. Zooplankton communities of Bolshoye Miassovo and Maloye Miassovo Lakes were characterized by high species diversity and considered as one of the most significant among the foothill lakes of the eastern slope of South Ural. The study reveals that hydroecological assessment of the ecological status is not exactly precise, as values are not stable and can change not only under the anthropogenic influence but also due to many natural abiotic environmental factors. The research shows that species composition and biomass of zooplankton communities could provide a more accurate assessment of the trophic status of water-bodies.

scholarly journals The taxonomic structure of the fauna of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the south of Eastern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
L Ts Khobrakova
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
The South ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Fauna

Abstract The taxonomic composition of the fauna has 577 species (608 subspecies) from 76 genera, representing 1% of the total fauna of the world and 5% of the Palearctic fauna. Most genera of ground beetles in the region have a predominantly Holarctic distribution, less often – Palearctic, tropical, or worldwide distribution. The fauna of the ground beetles of the region is based on the genera Amara, Bembidion, Pterostichus, Harpalus, and Carabus. The following genera are important for the fauna of ground beetles in the study region: Dyschirius, Agonum, Nebria, Cymindis, Dicheirotrichus, Poecilus, Trechus, Notiophilus, Elaphrus, Cicindela, Cylindera, Pogonus, Chlaenius, Pseudotaphoxenus.

scholarly journals Contribution of beta diversity in shaping stream macroinvertebrate communities among hydro-ecoregions

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-971
Author(s):  
Tiziano Bo ◽  
Alberto Doretto ◽  
Marco Levrino ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Variance Partitioning ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Species Sorting

Abstract Rivers are heterogeneous and patchy-structured systems in which regional biodiversity of aquatic communities typically varies as a function of local habitat conditions and spatial gradients. Understanding which environmental and spatial constraints shape the diversity and composition of benthic communities is therefore a pivotal challenge for basic and applied research in river ecology. In this study, benthic invertebrates were collected from 27 sites across three hydro-ecoregions with the aim of investigating patterns in α- and β diversity. We first assessed the contribution to regional biodiversity of different and nested spatial scales, ranging from micro-habitat to hydro-ecoregion. Then, we tested differences in α diversity, taxonomic composition and ecological uniqueness among hydro-ecoregions. Variance partitioning analysis was used to evaluate the mechanistic effects of environmental and spatial variables on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly affected by all the spatial scales, with a differential contribution according to the type of metric. Sampling site was the spatial scale that mostly contributed to the total richness, while the micro-habitat level explained the largest proportion of variance in Shannon–Wiener index. We found significant differences in the taxonomic composition, with 39 invertebrate families significantly associated with one or two hydro-ecoregions. However, effects of environmental and spatial controls were context dependent, indicating that the mechanisms that promote beta diversity probably differ among hydro-ecoregions. Evidence for species sorting, due to natural areas and stream order, was observed for macroinvertebrate communities in alpine streams, while spatial and land-use variables played a weak role in other geographical contexts.

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