scholarly journals New Aspects of Melasma/Novi aspekti melazme

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Damevska
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Topical Medications ◽  
Cosmetic Problem ◽  
Condition Today

Abstract Melasma is a common cosmetic problem and its severity ranges from minor pigmentation during pregnancy that resolves spontaneously, to a chronic, troublesome, disfiguring condition. Today, there are various treatment modalities for melasma, providing a different success rate. The need for an effective treatment for melasma is becoming more and more significant probably due to the current lifestyles with increased UV exposure, broad use of hormones for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, as well as increasing esthetic demands. The mainstay of treatment is regular use of sunscreens along with topical medications suppressing melanogenesis. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of melasma and implications for new treatment strategies.

BMS – Consensus statement

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Pitkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Vaginal Estrogen ◽  
Urogenital Atrophy ◽  
New Treatment

Urogenital atrophy is more common than it would first appear and women do not always seek advice and guidance. Confusion still exists between systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and local estrogen preparations but new treatment modalities have emerged that extend the range of options beyond lubricants, moisturisers and vaginal estrogen preparations.

Treatment Innovations of Opiate Dependence Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
New Treatment

Opiate dependence is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial suffering for the patient, his environment and society as a whole. Currently available treatments include abstinence oriented treatment with naltrexone and substitutian treatments with methadone and buprenorphine. However, treatment compliance with naltrexone is very low resulting in low effectiveness. In addition, existing substituation treatments only show moderate effectiveness resulting in a large number of patients showing continued drug use and serious psychological, somatic and functional impairment.New treatment strategies involve:a.the development of long acting opiate antagonists (naltrexone) and partial agonist (buprenorphine) to improve treatment compliance and treatment retention,b.new substitution options such as slow release oral morphine (SROM), oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) and inhalable and injectable diacetyl morphine (heroin assisted treatment: HAT).Recently, a new approach using neurosurgical and neuromodulatory techniques has been advocated to help treatment refractory opiate dependent patients. Finally, certain combinations of farmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions have shown promise for future improvements.This presentation reviews the evidence of existing treatments for opiate dependence and explores the new treatment options for patients not fully responsive to the existing treatment modalities.

Cancer Drug Delivery

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-95
Author(s):  
Jai N. Patel ◽  
Jeryl Villadolid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cancer Drug Delivery

Advancements in cancer drug delivery have led to the development of personalized oncology care through molecularly-driven targeted therapies. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms which drive tumor progression and resistance is critical in managing new treatment strategies which have shifted from empiric to biomarker-directed therapy selection. Biomarker-directed therapies have improved clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with other treatment modalities, however the changing scope of treatment options presents new opportunities and challenges for research. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics may provide a rationale method of personalizing anticancer drug dosing and supportive care management for oncology patients. This chapter reviews biomarker classifications and pharmacogenetics in anticancer therapy and supportive care. Examples of biomarker-directed therapies and clinical assays, in addition to future directions of molecular profiling in oncology therapy management are discussed.

A COMPUTER MODEL TO ANALYZE THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Zethraeus ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Bengt Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

This paper gives a detailed presentation of a computer model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness (CE) of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), describing the model's design, structure, and data requirements. The model needs data specified for costs, quality of life, risks, and mortality rates. As an illustration, the CE of HRT in Sweden is calculated. Two treatment strategies are evaluated for asymptomatic women: estrogen-only therapy and estrogen combined with a progestin. The model produces similar results compared with earlier studies. The CE ratios improve with the size of the risk reduction and generally with age. Further, estrogen-only therapy is associated with a lower cost per gained effectiveness unit compared with combined therapy. Uncertainty surrounding the long-term effects of HRT means that the CE estimates should be interpreted carefully. The model permits the inclusion of indirect costs and costs in added life-years, allowing the analysis to be made from a societal perspective, which is an improvement relative to previous studies.

scholarly journals Cancer Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
pp. 185-228
Author(s):  
Jai N. Patel ◽  
Jeryl Villadolid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cancer Drug Delivery

Advancements in cancer drug delivery have led to the development of personalized oncology care through molecularly-driven targeted therapies. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms which drive tumor progression and resistance is critical in managing new treatment strategies which have shifted from empiric to biomarker-directed therapy selection. Biomarker-directed therapies have improved clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with other treatment modalities, however the changing scope of treatment options presents new opportunities and challenges for research. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics may provide a rationale method of personalizing anticancer drug dosing and supportive care management for oncology patients. This chapter reviews biomarker classifications and pharmacogenetics in anticancer therapy and supportive care. Examples of biomarker-directed therapies and clinical assays, in addition to future directions of molecular profiling in oncology therapy management are discussed.

scholarly journals Current Opinion and Knowledge on Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Survey among a Swiss Oncology Network

Chemotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Grass ◽  
David Martin ◽  
Michael Montemurro ◽  
Patrice Mathevet ◽  
Anita Wolfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Opinion ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Colorectal Origin ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Practice Knowledge

Aims of the Study: The present survey aimed to evaluate current opinion and practice regarding peritoneal metastasis (PM), satisfaction with available treatment options, and need for new therapeutic approaches. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted between October 2016 and October 2017 in the Réseau Suisse Romand d’Oncologie including 101 members of various oncological specialties. Participants’ demographics, current practice, knowledge, and satisfaction regarding available treatment options and need for new treatment options were assessed by semantic differential scales through 33 closed questions with automatic reminders at 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-week intervals. Results: Twenty-seven participants (27%) completed the survey. Participants were gastrointestinal or gynecologic oncologists and surgeons. Most participants (67%) evaluated their knowledge on PM as moderate, while 22% considered themselves as experts. Clinical usefulness of systemic chemotherapy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was judged to be moderate to high for PM of ovarian and colorectal origin and moderate to poor for gastric origin. Satisfaction with available treatment options was 6/10 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–7) for ovarian, 5/10 (IQR 3–7) for colorectal, and 3/10 (IQR 1–3) for gastric PM. Treatment strategies varied widely for typical case vignettes. The need for new treatment modalities was rated as 8/10 (IQR 6–10). Conclusion: Usefulness of and satisfaction with available treatment options for PM were rated as moderate at best by oncological experts, and treatment strategies differed importantly among participants. There appears to be a clear need for standardization and new treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Calcium Signalling in Medulloblastoma: An In Silico Analysis of the Expression of Calcium Regulating Genes in Patient Samples

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Ahmed Maklad ◽  
Mohammed Sedeeq ◽  
Michael J. G. Milevskiy ◽  
Iman Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumour ◽  
Tumour Metastasis ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Silico Analysis

Dysregulation in calcium signalling is implicated in several cancer-associated processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and therapy resistance. Modulators of specific calcium-regulating proteins have been proposed as promising future therapeutic agents for some cancers. Alterations in calcium signalling have been extensively studied in some cancers; however, this area of research is highly underexplored in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common paediatric malignant brain tumour. Current MB treatment modalities are not completely effective and can result in several long-lasting mental complications. Hence, new treatment strategies are needed. In this study, we sought to probe the landscape of calcium signalling regulators to uncover those most likely to be involved in MB tumours. We investigated the expression of calcium signalling regulator genes in MB patients using publicly available datasets. We stratified the expression level of these genes with MB molecular subgroups, tumour metastasis and patient survival to uncover correlations with clinical features. Of particular interest was CACNA1 genes, in which we were able to show a developmentally-driven change in expression within the cerebellum, MB’s tissue of origin, highlighting a potential influence on tumour incidence. This study lays a platform for future investigations into molecular regulators of calcium signalling in MB formation and progression.

Antibacterial properties of subphthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine-TiO2 nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ozturk ◽  
Ayça Tunçel ◽  
Mine Ince ◽  
Kasim Ocakoglu ◽  
Mine Hoşgör-Limoncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Treatment

Nowadays the problem of antimicrobial resistance is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Treatment options for antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are quite limited. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed to control infectious diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one of the new treatment modalities proposed for a wide variety of infections. In the basic principle of aPDT, photosensitizers (PS) produce free radicals by irradiating them with harmless light at the appropriate wavelength, and this causes microorganism cell cytotoxicity. In this study, light emitting diodes (LED) (630–700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm[Formula: see text] were used on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) at different light doses under the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of SubPc and SubPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO[Formula: see text] concentration. Both compounds show good phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16, 24[Formula: see text]J/cm[Formula: see text] were applied. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 were found to be more effective than SubPc in aPDT of S. aureus. In E. coli, the success of aPDT has been shown to be dependent on the increased light dose (20, 30[Formula: see text]J/cm[Formula: see text] for both compounds. As a result, the aPDT activity of SubPc-TiO2 is more effective than SubPc in increasing light doses.

scholarly journals Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease after Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mynarek ◽  
Tilmann Schober ◽  
Uta Behrends ◽  
Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Anti Cd20

Patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) carry a substantially increased risk to develop malignant lymphomas. This is in part due to the immunosuppression required to maintain the function of the organ graft. Depending on the transplanted organ, up to 15% of pediatric transplant recipients acquire posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), and eventually 20% of those succumb to the disease. Early diagnosis of PTLD is often hampered by the unspecific symptoms and the difficult differential diagnosis, which includes atypical infections as well as graft rejection. Treatment of PTLD is limited by the high vulnerability towards antineoplastic chemotherapy in transplanted children. However, new treatment strategies and especially the introduction of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab have dramatically improved outcomes of PTLD. This review discusses risk factors for the development of PTLD in children, summarizes current approaches to therapy, and gives an outlook on developing new treatment modalities like targeted therapy with virus-specific T cells. Finally, monitoring strategies are evaluated.

scholarly journals Updates on Molecular and Biochemical Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5127
Author(s):  
Omar Fahmy ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Waleed Y. Rizg ◽  
Alaa Bagalagel ◽  
Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Antiandrogen Therapy

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most commonly non-cutaneous diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and occupies a very wide area of preclinical and clinical research. Targeted therapy for any cancer depends on the understanding of the molecular bases and natural behaviour of the diseases. Despite the well-known effect of androgen deprivation on PCa, many patients develop resistance either for antiandrogen therapy or other new treatment modalities such as checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy. Comprehensive understanding of the development of PCa as well as of the mechanisms underlying its progression is mandatory to maximise the benefit of the current approved medications or to guide the future research for targeted therapy of PCa. The aim of this review was to provide updates on the most recent mechanisms regarding the development and the progression of PCa. According to the current understanding, future treatment strategies should include more predictive genetic and biomarker analysis to assign different patients to the expected most appropriate and effective treatment.

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