Value Oriented Science for A Sustainable Society

Human Affairs ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Huba
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Final Section ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Is Value

Value Oriented Science for A Sustainable SocietyThe essay deals with the relationship between ethics, science and the character of society associated with challenges such as: What is the contemporary role of science in society and how does it fulfil it? Is value oriented "engaged" science possible? What does the responsibility of science mean? What is the reason for and the state of integrative, interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary and/or post-disciplinary approaches in the science? What is the role and meaning of evaluation in scientific production and/or its usefulness? What is the value, cost and effectiveness of science? Is scientometrics an adequate answer? What is the role of ethics and science in the context of sustainable development/living/society? In the final section of the essay several examples drawing on the international as well as the national level are introduced. The ambition of the author, a professional environmental geographer, is not to submit an extensive excursion into most fashionable aspects of the topic within the global philosophical context. The author describes his own personal experience and position and tries to discover what the emerging challenges and threats in this field may be, first of all in the current Slovak context.

scholarly journals Capabilities, Competitiveness, Nations

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-64
Author(s):  
Jan Fagerberg ◽  
Martin Srholec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Final Section ◽  
National Level ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter discusses the role of capabilities and competitiveness for the economic growth of nations. The capability concept is commonly used in analyses of firms, however, as this chapter shows, it may also be used at the level of nations. Capabilities at the national level may be defined broadly as “social capabilities,” as done by the economic historian Moses Abramovitz, or more narrowly as “technological capabilities” as suggested by the development scholar Lin-Su Kim. The paper discusses the relationships between these two dimensions of capabilities and examines recent empirical evidence on this matter for a group of 114 countries worldwide on different levels of development. It also considers the relationship between capabilities and competitiveness, and analyzes the effects of capability change and other aspects of competitiveness on economic growth on data for the period 1995–2013. The final section presents the conclusions from the study and raises issues for future research.

The role of digital economy in China's sustainable development in a post-pandemic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Song ◽  
Chenbin Zheng ◽  
Jiangquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is still raging, which calls for an exploration of how to prevent and control pandemics to promote sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the digital economy in sustainable development, the relationship between the two, the impacts of the outbreak on economic and social development, and changes in China's digital economy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the time-series data from 2002 to 2019 and an unconstrained VAR model to examine the relationship between the digital economy and sustainable development before the pandemic.FindingsChina's digital economy has promoted the country's sustainable economic and social development; it has advanced rapid economic growth, improved people's living standards, increased efficient utilization of resources, and strengthened environmental protection.Research limitations/implicationsAmid the pandemic, China's digital economy developed effectively; it showed strong resilience because of its unique advantages. The digital economy in China has helped the country to control the pandemic in a short period, reduced the risk of supply chain disruption, promoted China's economic growth, and ensured the orderly operation of society. Therefore, countries worldwide are encouraged to prioritize their digital economies.Originality/valueCompared with the extant literature, this study explores the sustainable supply chain in a broader sense in the context of a pandemic, and how the supply chain is influenced by the digital economy. It not only includes the stability, resilience, and viability of the supply chain in economic development but also involves aspects of people's life, resource utilization, and environmental protection.

Emerging Trends and Opportunities for Industry Development at the Sub-National Level in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla A. Gamidullaeva ◽  
Natalia S. Merkulova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kryachkova ◽  
Zoya A. Kondratieva ◽  
Yulia A. Efimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

The authors believe that the transition to Industry 4.0 will have a strong impact on the level of urbanization in Russia. The level of urbanization is influenced by many factors, which include the level of economic development of the country, migration of the population, natural and climatic conditions. The highest level of urbanization is typical for industrialized regions. This suggests that it is necessary to develop industry and move to Industry 4.0. The purpose of this chapter is to show the relationship between urbanization and Industry 4.0, as well as to increase the level of knowledge about digital production, the internet of things, the Industry 4.0, and urbanization. The chapter explains the role of Industry 4.0 in the current changing environment. The chapter deals with the most important problems and opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution.

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-295
Author(s):  
Nur Farhah Mahadi ◽  
Nor Razinah Mohd. Zain ◽  
Shamsuddeen Muhammad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Islamic social finance towards realising financial inclusion in achieving nine of the seventeen goals of sustainable development goals (SDGs) which are SDG1, SDG2, SDG3, SDG4, SDG5, SDG8, SDG9, SDG10, and SDG17 in the 2030 agenda for SDGs, as propagated by United Nations Member States in 2015. Then, a critical analysis is made to explain the possible contribution of Islamic social finance in achieving financial inclusion which is aligned with SDGs that brings balanced to the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual of the community in supporting overall economic growth which finally combats the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research and empirical studies can be conducted to explore the relationship between Islamic social finance, financial inclusion, and SDGs which in tandem with Maqᾱṣid al-Sharῑ῾ah to equip ourselves in unpredictable economic hiccups during COVID-19. The results may also motivate the financial industries to promote Islamic social finance products and corporate social responsibilities as well as enhance the development of Islamic social finance towards achieving financial inclusion in fulfilling SDGs which soon will provide significant social impacts as the results will enable new initiatives by industries and policy makers to develop Islamic social finance in attaining financial inclusion to achieve SDGs which is seen as being parallel with Maqᾱṣid al-Sharῑ῾ah especially in resolving economic issues of COVID-19.

Harnessing foreign aid for the poor: role of institutional democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1710
Author(s):  
Eric Akobeng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between foreign aid, institutional democracy and poverty. The paper explores the direct effect of foreign aid on poverty and quantifies the facilitating role of democracy in harnessing foreign aid for poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper attempts to address the endogenous relationship between foreign aid and poverty by employing the two-stage least squares instrumental variable (2SLS-IV) estimator by using GDP per capita of the top five Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries sending foreign aid to SSA countries scaled by the inverse of the land area of the SSA countries to stimulate an exogenous variation in foreign aid and its components. The initial level of democracy is interacted with the senders’ GDP per capita to also instrument for the interaction terms of democracy, foreign aid and its components.FindingsThe results suggest that foreign aid reduces poverty and different components of foreign aid have different effects on poverty. In particular, multilateral source and grant type seem to be more significant in reducing poverty than bilateral source and loan type. The study further reveals that democratic attributes of free expression, institutional constraints on the executive, guarantee of civil liberties to citizens and political participation reinforce the poverty-reducing effects of aggregate foreign aid and its components after controlling for mean household income, GDP per capita and inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodological concern related to modeling the effects of foreign aid on poverty is endogeneity bias. To estimate the relationship between foreign aid, democracy and poverty in SSA, this paper relies on a 2SLS-IV estimator with GDP per capita of the top five aid-sending OECD countries scaled by the inverse of land area of the SSA countries as an external instrument for foreign aid. The use of the five top OECD's Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) countries is due to the availability of foreign aid data for these countries. However, non-OECD-DAC countries such as China and South Africa may be important source of foreign aid to some SSA countries.Practical implicationsThe findings further suggest that the marginal effect of foreign aid in reducing poverty is increasing with the level of institutional democracy. In other words, foreign aid contributes more to poverty reduction in countries with democratic dispensation. This investigation has vital implications for future foreign aid policy, because it alerts policymakers that the effectiveness of foreign aid can be strengthened by considering the type and source of aid. Foreign aid and quality political institution may serve as an important mix toward the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and the Africa Union Agenda 2063.Social implicationsAs the global economy faces economic and social challenges, SSA may not be able to depend heavily on foreign partners to finance the region's budget. There is the need for African governments to also come out with innovative ways to mobilize own resources to develop and confront some of the economic challenges to achieve the required reduction in poverty. This is a vision that every country in Africa must work toward. Africa must think of new ways of generating wealth internally for development so as to complement foreign aid flows and also build strong foundation for welfare improvement, self-reliance and sustainable development.Originality/valueThis existing literature does not consider how democracy enhances the foreign aid and poverty relationship. The existing literature does not explore how democracy enhances grants, loans, multilateral and bilateral aid effectiveness in reducing poverty. This paper provides the first-hand evidence of how institutional democracy enhances the poverty-reducing effects of foreign aid and its components. The paper uses exogenous variation in foreign aid to quantify the direct effect of foreign aid and its components on poverty.

scholarly journals How Job Autonomy Promotes Employee’s Sustainable Development? A Moderated Mediation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou ◽  
Li ◽  
Gong
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Business World ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Relationship

In the rapidly changing business world, improving employee’s self-development level is of great importance for organizations to pursue sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to examine how and when job autonomy promotes employee’s self-development. Drawing from self-determination theory, we examined the effect of job autonomy on employee’s self-development, and the mediation role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Moreover, we argued that team connectivity strengthened the relationship between job autonomy and intrinsic motivation, and further moderated the indirect effect of job autonomy and self-employment via intrinsic motivation. Using a two-wave panel design, we collected data from a sample of 473 employees in China. The results indicated that job autonomy predicted employee’s self-development, and employee’s intrinsic motivation fully mediated this relationship. Team connectivity positively moderated the relationship between job autonomy and intrinsic motivation, and further moderated the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed along with the limitations and further research directions.

Specificity of use of computer technology in education of geography of students with hearing impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol LXXVIII (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Aigerim Makhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Technology In Education ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

The article reviews the use of computer technologies at different stages of the lesson and its combination with other techniques and methods of educational activity, as well as observations of practical activity of teachers in special (remedial) schools. The article also evaluates the potential of geography as an academic subject in a special (remedial) school. A lesson of geography in a special school meaningfully integrates the knowledge of nature, society and humans, through which systematization and expansion of understanding objects and phenomena of the surrounding environment is exercised in the students. Geography as a subject of natural science curriculum offers significant opportunities for the development of elementary knowledge on objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature, the relationship and interdependence of humans and nature in students with hearing impairment; enriching personal experience of children as a result of systematic observations; the development of required practical skills in the students.The researchers note the significant role of geography lessons in remediating mental and psychological deficiencies in students from special (remedial) institutions. Geography as a subject in a special (remedial) school has an exceptional importance for the overall development of the students.The use of computer technologies in teaching geography to children with hearing impairment is difficult due to the lack of specially designed electronic aids, particularly taking into account the age and mental development of children in this category and guidelines for working with modern TME.The researchers emphasize the significance of visualization in the process of teaching geography to students with hearing impairment as well as note the need for a reasonable combination of verbal, visual and practical methods.This article presents the results of ascertaining experiment and the results of a survey among teachers. Observations of the educational process and surveying the teachers of special (remedial) schools at the stage of the ascertaining experiment revealed the basic forms, tools, techniques and methods of teaching geography to students with hearing impairment.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ENABLER FACTORS ON SUCCESS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN STATE CORPORATIONS: A CASE OF KENYA WILDLIFE SERVICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Christine Jeptoo Cherutich ◽  
Dr. Charles Nyiro
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Leadership Culture ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The objectives of the study which were to determine the effects of leadership, technology, culture, people and knowledge management success as enabler factors in ensuring success of knowledge management in Kenya Wildlife Service. The research also draws on existing studies, frameworks and models that have already identified the factors that potentially affect the success of KM. Meeting the challenges of sustainable development in the 21st century necessitates utilization of vital disciplines like KM in the management of state corporations. The use of KM for sustainable development has shown that effectiveness depends on strategic planning and use of tested models.Methodology: A review of the literature shows that most models point to enablers that are necessary. Questionnaires were administered through both e- mails and hand delivery. Secondary data was obtained from both published and unpublished records. Questionnaires were tested for both reliability and validity. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to analyze data with the assistance of SPSS software program version 21.Results: A good response rate of 94% was realized. It was established that most of the enabler’s factors indicators have positive impact on success of knowledge management. The study further adopted a regression analysis to determine the relationship between the variables at 5% confidence level of significance. The study findings showed that the four variables had a significant influence on performance of the firm.Contribution to policy and practice: The study recommended that a similar research should be conducted in a different fields. The findings showed that 74.7 % of the knowledge management success is explained by the four variables that are leadership, culture, technology and people and the remaining 25.3 % can be accounted by the standard error.

scholarly journals The European Central Bank and the German Constitutional Court: Police Patrols and Fire Alarms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Clément Fontan ◽  
David Howarth
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
European Central ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court

In May 2020, a ruling of the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) questioned the legality of the Bundesbank’s participation in the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) Public Sector Purchase Programme. Applying elements of a principal-agent analysis, this article analyses how the FCC ruling presents us with a new understanding of the relationship between the ECB, other EU institutions and Eurozone member states. Existing principal-agent analyses of the ECB focus upon its relations with other EU-level institutions and point to the limited ex ante control mechanisms and efforts to reinforce ex post control mechanisms—notably European Parliament oversight. The FCC ruling and the ECB’s reaction demonstrate the relative importance of national level controls over the ECB agent. This article understands the role of private plaintiffs in Germany as a form of ‘fire alarm’ on ECB policymaking against the background of weak ex post controls at the EU-level.

scholarly journals Comercio y medioambiente: no hacer daño, hacer el bien, ser bueno

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Vernooij
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Business World ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Trade And The Environment ◽  
Good Trade ◽  
The Relationship

Trade is an engine of economic growth, employment and business innovation. It can be a powerful lever to promote sustainable development, for the benefit of both women and men, in harmony with nature and the environment. All actors that are directly or indirectly involved in international trade have the responsibility to guarantee a “good trade”. This article clarifies the relationship between trade and the environment along global supply chains as key elements for sustainable development. Drawing on personal experience, we address several global topics and highlight some very promising initiatives coming from the business world.

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