scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Measures to Control Wilt Causing Pathogens in Chickpea

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneeb Andrabi ◽  
Amrish Vaid ◽  
Vijay Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Late Sowing

Evaluation of Different Measures to Control Wilt Causing Pathogens in Chickpea Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from the wilted chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants. To manage the wilt complex cultural practices, use of biocontrol agents and fungicides were tried under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Sowing of chickpea at different dates revealed that early sowing (10th Oct.) resulted in maximum disease incidence (32.20%), whereas, late sowing (24th Nov.) the minimum (13.35%). Twenty and 50 cm row to row spacing resulted in maximum (29.17%) and minimum (17.35%) disease incidence respectively. In vitro evaluation of biological control agents revealed the superiority of Trichoderma viride. Trichoderma over Trichoderma virens in controlling the pathogens. Carbendazim at 100, 200, 500 ppm caused maximum per cent inhibition of the pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungicides applied as seed treatment reduced disease incidence significantly. Seed treatment with carbendazim increased seed germination (71.24%), though it was at par with carbendazim + mancozeb (62.21%) and mancozeb (61.46%). Seed coating with T. viride resulted in minimum disease incidence (9.24%), however, it was at par with T. virens (9.72%). Maximum yield (10.10 q/ha) was recorded with the application of carbendazim, followed by carbendazim + mancozeb (9.77 q/ha) and T. viride (8.10 q/ha).

Eco-friendly management of wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceri in chickpea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandar Kala ◽  
S. Gangopadhyay ◽  
S. L. Godara
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under in vivo conditions. The effect of organic amendments viz; farm yard manure, vermicompost and mustard cake on disease control potentiality of test antagonists against chickpea wilt and on population dynamics of the antagonists and pathogen in soil was also studied. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri was recorded in presence of P. fluorescens (%) followed by T. harzianum (%) and T. viride (%). Seed treatment with P. fluorescens was more effective in suppressing the disease incidence as compared to T. harzianum and T. viride. The disease control efficacy and population dynamics of all the three test antagonists was enhanced in response to application of organic amendments. Among the three organic amendments tested, mustard cake was most effective in enhancing the disease control potentiality of these antagonists.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. II. Evaluation of potential antagonistic fungi isolated from rape seeds against the main pathogens of rape crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

<em>In vitro </em>relationships between identified seed- and soil-borne fungi from rape samples have been investigated in order to evaluate their antagonistic ability as potential biocontrol agents. The bioproduct obtained from the <em>Trichoderma viride </em>Pers. (strain Td50) has been tested <em>in vivo </em>against the main phytopathogens of rape: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Alternaria </em>spp. and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. in greenhouse at the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest – Romania and in the field at the Agricultural Experimental Research-Development Station Caracal (AERDS), Olt district. The <em>T. viride </em>(strain Td50) bioproduct formulated as a powder for the seed treatment has been effective in the protection of rape plantlets against the above mentioned phytopathogens.

Tulbaghia violacea L. II: In vivo antifungal properties towards plant pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeto Nteso ◽  
Johan C. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes

In vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts from Tulbaghia violacea against 6 economically important plant pathogenic fungi was previously reported. The in vivo control of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causative of Ascochyta blight, by different concentrations of a crude aerial part extract of T. violacea was subsequently followed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of lesions that developed over a 6-day period at 20°C on detached pea (Pisum sativum) leaves. Infection by M. pinodes spores was prevented when the extract was applied both before and after inoculation, confirming complete inhibition of spore germination, whereas no phytotoxic effect was observed on the leaves. Additionally, the control of sorghum covered (Sporisorium sorghi) and loose (S. cruentum) kernel smuts by seed treatment with the crude extract was tested under field conditions. Before planting, different sorghum seed lots were inoculated separately with spores from the 2 pathogens at a rate of 0.5% per kg (w/w), followed by treatment with the crude extract, at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, 24 h later. A standard fungicide, Thiram (65 W), was applied as a positive control at a rate of 0.25% per kg (v/w). Disease incidence was quantified during harvest and expressed as percentage infected plants. Seed treatment with the extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the incidence of both sorghum loose and covered smut diseases, compared favourably with the standard fungicide, and resulted in significant yield increases compared to the untreated control.

scholarly journals Development of a Fluorescent Tool for Studying Legionella bozemanae Intracellular Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Breanne M. Head ◽  
Christopher I. Graham ◽  
Teassa MacMartin ◽  
Yoav Keynan ◽  
Ann Karen C. Brassinga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Intracellular Infection ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Legionnaires’ disease incidence is on the rise, with the majority of cases attributed to the intracellular pathogen, Legionella pneumophila. Nominally a parasite of protozoa, L. pneumophila can also infect alveolar macrophages when bacteria-laden aerosols enter the lungs of immunocompromised individuals. L. pneumophila pathogenesis has been well characterized; however, little is known about the >25 different Legionella spp. that can cause disease in humans. Here, we report for the first time a study demonstrating the intracellular infection of an L. bozemanae clinical isolate using approaches previously established for L. pneumophila investigations. Specifically, we report on the modification and use of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing plasmid as a tool to monitor the L. bozemanae presence in the Acanthamoeba castellanii protozoan infection model. As comparative controls, L. pneumophila strains were also transformed with the GFP-expressing plasmid. In vitro and in vivo growth kinetics of the Legionella parental and GFP-expressing strains were conducted followed by confocal microscopy. Results suggest that the metabolic burden imposed by GFP expression did not impact cell viability, as growth kinetics were similar between the GFP-expressing Legionella spp. and their parental strains. This study demonstrates that the use of a GFP-expressing plasmid can serve as a viable approach for investigating Legionella non-pneumophila spp. in real time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bioagents and Biopesticides against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its Integrated Management in Common Bean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad PADDER ◽  
Prem Nath SHARMA ◽  
Renu KAPIL ◽  
Anju PATHANIA ◽  
Om Prakash SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.

scholarly journals Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMLESH RAM ◽  
RAMESH SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

scholarly journals A note on the antibiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis against Colletotrichum trifolii

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Douville ◽  
J.G. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Germ Tubes

The influence and mechanisms of action of Bacillus subtilis on Colletotrichum trifolii, a causal agent of anthracnose of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), were studied in vivo and in vitro. In growth room conditions, a cell-free culture filtrate of B. subtilis significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on alfalfa seedlings from 56% to 16% and from 2.0 to 1.2, respectively. Treatment of seedlings with washed cell suspensions of B. subtilis had no influence on disease. Applications of crude filtrate on alfalfa leaflets inoculated with C. trifolii were associated with reduced germination of conidia, lysis of conidia, and reduced formation of appressoria. Under in vitro conditions, crude filtrate reduced germination of conidia, and induced lysis of conidia and the formation of inflated germ tubes on germinating conidia. An antibiotic of the iturin family, iturin D, was tentatively identified as the active compound responsible for the suppressive effect of B. subtilis on C. trifolii.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Graphene Oxide and Fungicides against Fusarium Head Blight In Vitro and In Vivo

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Xiuping Wang ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Caihong Cheng ◽  
Lina Chen ◽  
Xuejuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Synergistic Activity

Plant pathogens constantly develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, and this poses great challenges to plant protection. Therefore, there is a pressing need to search for new antimicrobials. The combined use of antimicrobial agents with different antifungal mechanisms has been recognized as a promising approach to manage plant diseases. Graphene oxide (GO) is a newly emerging and highly promising antimicrobial agent against various plant pathogens in agricultural science. In this study, the inhibitory activity of GO combined with fungicides (Mancozeb, Cyproconazol and Difenoconazole) against Fusarium graminearum was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that the combination of GO and fungicides has significant synergistic inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth, mycelial biomass and spore germination of F. graminearum relative to single fungicides. The magnitude of synergy was found to depend on the ratio of GO and fungicide in the composite. In field tests, GO–fungicides could significantly reduce the disease incidence and disease severity, exhibiting a significantly improved control efficacy on F. graminearum. The strong synergistic activity of GO with existing fungicides demonstrates the great application potential of GO in pest management.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium wilt by Trichoderma Species under in vitro and in vivo Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Geographical Regions

AbstractTrichodermaspp. have long been used as biological control agents against plant fungal diseases, but the mechanisms by which the fungi confer protection are not well understood. Our goal in this study was to isolate species ofTrichoderma, that exhibit high levels of biocontrol efficacy from natural environments and to investigate the mechanisms by which these strains confer plant protection. In this study, efficacy of the native isolates ofTrichodermaspecies to promote the growth and yield parameters of tomato and to manageFusariumwilt disease underin vitroandin vivoconditions were investigated. The dominant pathogen, which causesFusariumwilt of tomato, was isolated and identified asFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(FOL). Twenty eight nativeTrichodermaantagonists were isolated from healthy tomato rhizosphere soil in different geographical regions of Mazandaran province, Iran. Underin vitroconditions, the results revealed thatTrichoderma harzianum, isolate N-8, was found to inhibit effectively the radial mycelial growth of the pathogen (by 68.22%). Under greenhouse conditions, the application ofT. harzianum(N-8) exhibited the least disease incidence (by 14.75%). Also, tomato plants treated withT. harzianum(N-8) isolate showed a significant stimulatory effect on plant height (by 70.13 cm) and the dry weight (by 265.42 g) of tomato plants, in comparison to untreated control (54.6 cm and 195.5 g). Therefore, the antagonistT. harzianum(N-8) is chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent forF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici. On the base of present study, the biocontrol agents of plant diseases might be exploited for sustainable disease management programs to save environmental risk.

Efficient application of Trichoderma viride on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed using thin layer polymer coating

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Falah Kuchlan ◽  
M.M.M. Ansari K. Kuchlan ◽  
M. M. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Talcum Powder

Soybean crop is very sensitive to change in climate and suffers from vagaries of climate. The productivity thus gets affected in different years due to the influence of climatic condition, incidence of diseases and insects. Trichoderma sp. is considered as a potential biocontrol and growth promoting agents for many crop plants. Trichoderma spp. is generally being applied to the soil and seed as talcum powder form. Though powder formulations may be applied directly to seeds at the rate of 5g/kg seed, the effectiveness of Trichoderma seed treatment is lost due to poor adhesion on the smooth seed coat surface of soybean. Thus, it was targeted to achieve maximum benefit by Trichoderma seed treatment mediated through polymer coating. Two soybean cultivars were treated with Trichoderma viride with different formulation namely Trichoderma culture solution with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc with polymer, Trichoderma culture talc powder dry dressing. Endophytic growth of Trichoderma viride in root, stem and leaf was studied by agar plate method at 27±10C for seven days. The percentage of plants with Trichoderma endophytic growth was 97-100 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma with polymer as compared to 37-45 per cent in plants from seeds treated with Trichoderma talc powder dry dressing. Control plants did not show any endophytic growth of Trichoderma. Significant increase in plant height was observed due to endophytic growth of Trichoderma. 24 per cent yield advantage was observed due to Trichoderma culture solution treatment with polymer. Seedling mortality due to collar rot (0.61%) and disease incidence of Myrothecium Leaf Spot, Anthracnose and Rhizoctonia Arial Blight (0.34%) was significantly lower than control (9.8% and 9.169%). Proper application of Trichoderma viride on soybean seed through polymer coating has significant potential to reduce diseases and to improve plant growth and seed yield.

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