scholarly journals The Germination of Perennial Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis Tenuifolia (L.) DC.) and Annual Garden Rocket (Eruca Sativa Mill.) Under Controlled Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Jenny Jobling ◽  
Gordon Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Respective Species

AbstractThe germination characteristics of three cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket were assessed at constant and diurnal temperatures for ten days. The seeds were exposed to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C or diurnal temperatures of 24/10, 28/16 and 18/5°C, with a 12/12 h exposure of each regime. The diurnal temperatures were chosen to reflect the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced in Ellis Lane, Australia; during the spring, summer and winter. The total germination percentage (TGP) of perennial wall rocket was the highest at 20 to 30°C, whereas the highest TGP occurred at 10 to 30°C for annual garden rocket. The daily germination speed (DGS) and germination value (GV) are two useful formulas used to express the germination characteristics of seeds that under certain conditions do not achieve ≥50% germination. For both species, there was a significant interaction between the cultivar and temperature for the DGS and GV at both constant and diurnal temperatures; illustrating that the commercial cultivars of these species germinate at different rates in response to different ambient temperatures. This has important implications for the commercial production of these species, as cultivars with high germination rates need to be chosen for different seasonal conditions. At diurnal temperatures, there was an interaction between the cultivar and temperature for perennial wall rocket, with the cvs. DT1 and DT2 having similar TGPs across all of the temperature regimes, whereas the cv. DT3 had lower TGPs across all of the regimes. There was no interaction between the cultivar and diurnal temperature for annual garden rocket; however, temperature did influence the TGP, with higher values at 24/10 and 18/5°C. The germination of the smaller seeds from the perennial species was found to be more dependent on temperature than the larger seeds from the annual species. This is likely due to differences in stored reserves and the influence of secondary dormancy in the respective species.

scholarly journals Effect of Milk and Hydro-priming on Seed Germination Characteristics of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Md. Sadiqur Rahman ◽  
Istiak Ahmed ◽  
Suman Biswas ◽  
Monjur Morshed ◽  
Parimal Chandra Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Value

To meet the demand for an appropriate soaking duration and priming type, there is a need to embrace cheap, fast, natural, accessible, and adaptable physiological techniques as soaking of seeds in water and fresh cow milk. Fresh cow milk contains hormones that relieve seeds from photo, thermo, physiological and mechanical dormancy. In light of this, this study was conducted to assess the effect of hydration and fresh cow milk on different seed quality attributes like germination percentage, mean germination time, the uncertainty of germination process, and synchrony of germination process of bitter gourd seeds. The study involved two factors namely hydropriming and different concentrations of fresh cow milk (viz. 60%, 80% and 100%), and the other factor was seed soaking duration with 4 levels (i. e., 0, 12, 18 and 24 hours). The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Results revealed that the percentage germination value of seeds soaked in all concentrations of fresh cow milk was better than hydropriming. A significant germination percentage value of 96% and 93% were recorded for seeds treated for 18 hours in 80% and 100% concentrations of fresh cow milk respectively. Maximum uncertainty of the germination process and minimum synchrony of germination the process was recorded in untreated seed.

scholarly journals Seed Recalcitrance of Carolina Buckthorn: Implications for Ecology and Horticulture

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 787D-787
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart* ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Germination Value

Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana Walt.) is ornamental and could be promoted as a stress-resistant shrub for horticultural landscapes. Its status as a relative of invasive species, including common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.), raises concerns regarding the environmental consequences of planting Carolina buckthorn outside of its natural habitat. To assess the ease of propagating Carolina buckthorn from seed, and to gather data relevant to assessments of invasiveness, we compared seed-germination characteristics between the two species. Seeds of Carolina buckthorn were collected from native populations in Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Seeds of common buckthorn were collected from populations in Iowa. We stratified seeds of both species for up to 112 days at 4 °C. Germination at 20 °C then was evaluated for 56 days. Over stratification durations, 40% and 71% of seeds of Carolina buckthorn and common buckthorn germinated, respectively. Stratification for 112 days optimized germination value for Carolina buckthorn, but stratification for 42, 56, 84, and 112 days evoked similar germination percentages. Seeds of Carolina buckthorn from Oklahoma germinated at a higher percentage (56%) than did seeds from Missouri (25%). Neither germination value nor germination percentage of common buckthorn was influenced by stratification. We conclude that seeds of Carolina buckthorn are more recalcitrant than are seeds of common buckthorn. This suggests that Carolina buckthorn, particularly those from Missouri with low reproductive success, may be less invasive than their Eurasian kin. Horticulturists can optimize germination percentage of Carolina buckthorn by cold-stratifying seeds for as little as 42 days, but 112 days optimizes germination value.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Dimorphic Seeds and Seedlings to Abiotic Stresses in the Halophyte Suaeda salsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Mingfang Hu ◽  
Hongyuan Ma ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Zhenyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Germination Traits

The period between seed germination and seedling establishment is one of the most vulnerable stages in the life cycle of annuals in the saline environments. Although germination characteristics of Suaeda salsa seeds have been reported, the comparative germination patterns of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth to different abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this study, germination responses of dimorphic seeds to light and temperature were compared. Meanwhile, responses of dimorphic seeds and thereafter seedlings of S. salsa to different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 were also tested. The results showed that the light did not significantly affect germination percentage of brown seeds, but significantly promoted germination of black seeds. Brown seeds could reach high germination percentage over a wide temperature range, however, germination of black seeds gradually increased with the increase of temperature. Brown seeds had higher germination percentage and velocity than black seeds under the same salt conditions. However, black seeds had higher recovery germination than brown seeds when transferred to deionized water. Young seedlings had lower salt tolerance than germinating seeds. At the same concentrations, Na2SO4 had stronger inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth than NaCl. This study comprehensively compared germination traits of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth of S. salsa, and then developed a conceptual model to explain their adaptation to harsh saline environment.

scholarly journals Effects of drought and temperature on the germination of seeds of Seriphidium transiliense, a desert xerophytic subshrub of Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Aiping Chen ◽  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Sui ◽  
Guili Jin ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Mean Time

Global warming has led to changes in rainfall patterns in many regions and it has an increasing impact on the availability of water for plants, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. Seed germination is the most critical stage in the plant life cycle, it determines whether or not the population can successfully establish. Here, we assessed the seed germination characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense under six water potentials and four temperature regimes. S. transiliense seeds could germinate from 5/15°C to 20/30°C, while the optimum temperature regime was 10/20°C. As water potential decreased, the germination percentage, germination index, germination energy, vigour index, plumule length and radicle length increased and then decreased, while mean time to germinate decreased and then increased. The optimum condition for S. transiliense seed germination was -0.2 MPa at 10/20°C. Some seeds that failed to germinate under drought conditions were transferred to distilled water and recovered germination ability.

scholarly journals Physical characterization of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) fruits and seeds germination in different temperatures and light regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lone ◽  
R. C. Colombo ◽  
B. L. G. Andrade ◽  
L. S. A. Takahashi ◽  
R. T. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Medium Time ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The germination characteristics of the native cactus species are poorly known, being the temperature and the light the factors that the most interferes in that process. Thus, the objective of the present work was to characterize the fruits and evaluate the influence of the temperature and the light in the seed germination of Rhipsalis floccosa, Rhipsalis pilocarpa and Rhipsalis teres. The tested constant temperatures were 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the alternate of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C in a photoperiod of 10 hours, and with determination of the most appropriate temperature, the germination was tested in light absence. The germination percentage, the index of germination speed and medium time of germination were evaluated. For R. floccosa, the highest germination percentage was at 20 °C. For R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the highest germination percentages occurred in 15 °C and 20 °C. There was correlation to germination percentage between the three species, indicating that they had similar germination behavior. Total absence of germination was verified for the three species in condition of light absence. In conclusion, the temperature of 20 °C is the most suitable for the seed germination of R. floccosa. For the species R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the temperatures of 15 and 20 °C are the most suitable.

scholarly journals Can Bulk and Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles Improve Seed Germination Features of Wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh AZIMI ◽  
Hassan FEIZI ◽  
Mohammad KHAJEH HOSSEINI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Improve Seed Germination ◽  
Nanosized Tio2

The goal of this study was to evaluate concentrations of nanosized TiO2 at 0, 5, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg L-1 with bulk TiO2 for possible stimulatory effects on wheatgrass seed germination and early growth stage. After 14 days of seed incubation, germination percentage improved by 9% following exposure to 5 ppm nanosized TiO2 treatment comparing to control. Similar positive effects occurred in terms of germination value and mean daily germination. Application of bulk TiO2 particles in 80 ppm concentration greatly decreased the majority of studied traits. Therefore phytotoxicity effect observed on wheatgrass seedling by application of bulk TiO2 particles in 80 ppm concentration. Exposure of wheatgrass seeds to 5 ppm nanosized TiO2 and bulk and nanosized TiO2 at 60 ppm obtained the lowest mean germination time but higher concentrations did not improve mean germination time. In general, there was a positive response by wheatgrass seed to some concentrations of nanosized TiO2. Usage of nanoparicles in order to improve germination and establishment of range plant in adverse environments similar to rangeland could be possible.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of organic substrates for germination testing of soybean seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marija Milivojević ◽  
Dragana Branković-Radojčić ◽  
Radmila Vukadinović ◽  
Jasna Kojić ◽  
Zoran Dumanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Crop Density

High germination of seeds and seedling establishment are critical for soybean production since it determines crop density and eventually affects the yield. Accurate evaluation of the germination potential of sowing material is valuable, as well as initial quality assessment of newly harvested seed. ISTA Rules prescribe alternative methods for soybean seed germination: sand, between paper, top of paper covered with sand and since 2020 organic growing media. In the Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute soybean germination is conducted in the sand at 20<=>30°C. The objective of this study was to evaluate several available organic growing media and compare results obtained with the standard laboratory method. Five soybean seed lots of different quality were tested in four germination growing media (3 organic and sand), at two temperature regimes (25 °C and 20<=>30°C). Statistical analyses showed that all types of organic growing media were of the same quality. Slightly higher germination in organic growing media was obtained in the experiment at 20<=>30°C compared to sand, but those differences were not statistically significant. When testing was done in germinator with 25°C positive effects of organic growing media were identified and this impact was significant, especially for low-quality seed lots. The experimental outcome was to continue with routine practice and use organic growing media for retesting of seed lots with lower germination as an alternative substrate.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TITANIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND BULK ON GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF AVENA SATIVA L. SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Iranmanesh ◽  
◽  
Abolfazl Beyraghdar ◽  
Homa Mahmoodzadeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different concentrations of nano and bulk titanium oxide on germination characteristics and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Avena Sativa L. The titanium oxide nanoparticles diameter was determined about 40 nm using AFM, DLS, XRD analysis. In this study, based on a completely randomized design, seeds were placed in Petri dishes containing different concentrations of nano and bulk titanium oxide (50, 150, 250, 350 ppm). Three replications were considered for each concentration and the germination factors and antioxidant enzyme activity in the treated plant were compared with the control. The average data were compared using one-way ANOVA analysis and DUNCAN tests. According to the results, the following parameters of seedling vigor index, root length, dry weight, wet weight, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme, and polyphenol oxidase were statistically significant. The highest germination percentage, relative germination percentage, germination rate, weight germination index and shoot length were observed at 250 ppm bulk titanium oxide. In addition, the highest average germination time, seedling vigor index, optimum seedling index, and root length were observed in 50 ppm bulk titanium oxide treatment and the highest shoot length was observed in 250 ppm nano-titanium oxide treatment. In the enzyme activity, the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme was observed in 150 ppm bulk titanium oxide treatment and the highest Polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity was observed in bulk titanium oxide 350 ppm treatment.

Ab Initio Analysis of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1776 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakota Junkman ◽  
Dayton J. Vogel ◽  
Yulun Han ◽  
Dmitri S. Kilin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Charge Carrier Dynamics ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Radiation Maximum ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Lead Halide

ABSTRACTToday’s conversion of solar energy into electricity is based on silicon, which is pure, eventually crystalline, and its most efficient transitions are away from solar radiation maximum. The continuous search of efficient photovoltaic materials has recently focused on lead-halide organic-inorganic perovskite materials due to the very flexible, sustainable, and forgiving procedure of their fabrication, which is successful even if the concentrations of precursors, and temperature regimes deviate from optimal values. In addition to simple fabrication, this class of materials provides impressively high efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Attention to these materials helps to understand the mechanisms of their high efficiencies and to identify other materials with same type of properties. This work presents computational analysis of photo-induced processes in perovskite materials at ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals Temperatures and substrates for germination and vigor of Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e46030
Author(s):  
João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Arliston Pereira Leite ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Understory Plant

Erythroxylum pauferrense is an endemic understory plant species of the Northeast Region of Brazil. The species is of great importance to the region and so ecophysiological studies are needed for its preservation. The objective of the present study was to determine the best substrates and temperatures for testing germination and seed vigor of E. pauferrense. An experiment was performed comprising a completely randomized design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35°C constant and 20-30°C alternating) and four types of substrates (paper, vermiculite, sand and commercial substrate). The following characteristics were evaluated: germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, mean germination time, seedling length and dry mass (root and shoot). Paper and vermiculite substrates combined with constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and alternated between 20-30°C, provide greater seed germination and vigor while 35°C reduces seed physiological quality.

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