scholarly journals Differential Responses of Dimorphic Seeds and Seedlings to Abiotic Stresses in the Halophyte Suaeda salsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Mingfang Hu ◽  
Hongyuan Ma ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Zhenyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Germination Traits

The period between seed germination and seedling establishment is one of the most vulnerable stages in the life cycle of annuals in the saline environments. Although germination characteristics of Suaeda salsa seeds have been reported, the comparative germination patterns of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth to different abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this study, germination responses of dimorphic seeds to light and temperature were compared. Meanwhile, responses of dimorphic seeds and thereafter seedlings of S. salsa to different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 were also tested. The results showed that the light did not significantly affect germination percentage of brown seeds, but significantly promoted germination of black seeds. Brown seeds could reach high germination percentage over a wide temperature range, however, germination of black seeds gradually increased with the increase of temperature. Brown seeds had higher germination percentage and velocity than black seeds under the same salt conditions. However, black seeds had higher recovery germination than brown seeds when transferred to deionized water. Young seedlings had lower salt tolerance than germinating seeds. At the same concentrations, Na2SO4 had stronger inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth than NaCl. This study comprehensively compared germination traits of dimorphic seeds and seedling growth of S. salsa, and then developed a conceptual model to explain their adaptation to harsh saline environment.

scholarly journals Germination Behavior of Rauvolfia serpentine (L.) Seeds with the use of Different Seed Treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Prawal P.S. Verma ◽  
Dipender Kumar ◽  
Sonveer Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seed Propagation

Background: Sarpagandha is an indigenous medicinal herb of Indian continent. It has many medicinal properties. Due to increasing demand of Sarpagandha, its exploitation is increasing continuously but for lack of cultivation, this plant has been listed in endangered category. Commercially, it is propagated through seeds but the main barrier of seed propagation is its irregular and low germination. Hence, the current study was undertaken to study the effect of growing media and seed treatment methods on seed germination and seedling growth of Sarpagandha to eliminate the inhibitory effect of the hard stony endocarp.Methods: Seed germination and seedling growth experiments of Sarpagandha were carried out with following different seed treatments, T1 (Control), T2 (Water soaking for 24 hours), T3 (water soaking for 48 hours), T4 (Water soaking for 24 hours + cotton cloth wrapping for 24 hours), T5 (GA3 200 ppm), T6 (FYM treatment for 24 hours), T7 (FYM treatment for 48 hours), T8 (Hot water treatment) and T9 (Cow dung treatment for 24 hours). Experiment was laid out in CRD. The data recorded on the various parameters were analyzed at 5% level of significance by using ANOVA.Result: Results indicated highest germination percentage (51), lowest mortality percent (49), minimum days for initiation of germination (23), minimum days taken for germination completion (33), highest speed of germination (3.77), maximum vigour index (1441.44), highest root (11.27 cm) and highest shoot length (17 cm) in T5 (GA3 200 ppm) followed by T3 (water soaking for 48 hours). Indicating, T5 (GA3 200 ppm) to be best seed treatment for higher germination and subsequent seedling growth of Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentine L.).

scholarly journals The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Zahra Afifipour ◽  
Maryam Mozafarian
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time

The Alleviation Effect of Silicon on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Under Salinity StressThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of silicon (Si) application under salinity levels on seed germination and growth characteristics of tomato seeds. A laboratory experiment was performed on completely randomized design with two levels of salinity (25 and 50 mM NaCl) and 2 concentration of Si (1 and 2 mM) with 4 replications. Germination percentage, germination rate, seedling shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and mean germination time was measured. Seed germination ofLycopersicon esculentumL. was significantly affected by salinity levels, Si and their interaction. Germination characteristics of tomato seeds decreased drastically by increasing NaCl concentrations. However, 1 mM Si had positive effects on seed germination characteristics and improved germination percentage, germination rate and mean germination time. Si alleviated the harmful effect of salinity stress on tomato seed germination at almost all germination characteristics.

scholarly journals Seed Priming Improves Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Isatis indigotica Fort. under Salt Stress

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Xu-Wen Jiang ◽  
Cheng-Ran Zhang ◽  
Wei-Hua Wang ◽  
Guang-Hai Xu ◽  
Hai-Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Isatis Indigotica ◽  
Germination Characteristics

The effects of CaCl2, GA3, and H2O2 priming on Isatis indigotica Fort. seed germination characteristics, seedling growth parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress were investigated. NaCl had an adverse effect on the germination and seedling performance of I. indigotica. However, these three priming agents alleviated salt stress by increasing the germination percentage, improving seed vigor, accelerating germination velocity, and establishing strong seedlings. The optimal concentrations were 15 g/L for CaCl2, 0.2 g/L for GA3, and 40 mm for H2O2. Seed priming treatments enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), under a salt environment, which reduced the oxidative injury caused by salt. Seed priming is a promising technique that can enhance the ability of I. indigotica seed germination when salt is present.

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN CAJANUS CAJAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

In this study the allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on seed germination and seedling growth in Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) was investigated. The dried powdered leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours to obtain aqueous extract of leaves and sterilized seeds were treated with 2%, 4%, 6%,8%, and 10% concentration of extract in triplicate. The germinated seeds were counted every day to observe germination index (G.I.) and mean germination time (MGT). It has been found that germination index (GI) were significantly decreased and MGT were delayed to germinate with increasing concentration. It has been observed that seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling vigor index were reduced at >2% as compared to control. The 10 % aqueous extract showed completely inhibitory effect on seed germination. The present investigation showed that the leaves aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus had inhibiting effects on seed germination and seedling growth in Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea).

scholarly journals Protection of Eggplant Seed Germination from the Inhibitory Effect of o-Cresol by Bioaugmentation of Soil with Pseudomonas monteilii Strain

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
T. C. Shaima ◽  
M. Ajisha ◽  
Soumya V. Menon ◽  
A. A. Mohammad Kunhi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Pseudomonas Monteilii ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
End Use

Bulk production and widespread end use of cresol isomers in various industrial processes result in their ubiquitous presence in the environment. Cresols are highly toxic to both fauna and flora and are included in the list of priority pollutants. This study presents the effect of o-cresol on germination of 10 different vegetable crop seeds as tested by the standard Filter Paper Method. The seeds of eggplant and long-podded cowpea were found to be highly sensitive. The most sensitive eggplant seeds were subjected to further studies in soil. Germination percentage and the seedling vigor were drastically reduced in the presence of o-cresol even at a concentration as low as 50 mg kg−1 soil. A number of abnormalities in the seedlings such as stunted root and shoot growth, non-emergence of primary leaves, and negative geotropic growth were observed. Standard 2, 3, 5-tetrazoliumtrichloride test showed marked reduction in the viability of eggplant seeds proportionate to the concentration of o-cresol (0 through 200 mg L−1) they were exposed to, which reached zero at 175 mg o-cresol L−1, indicating the inhibition of the respiratory enzymes of the seeds. Contrary to earlier reports on the effect of phenolics on the hydrolytic enzymes of germinating seeds, in the present case an enhanced activity of amylase was observed in the presence of o-cresol (50 and 150 mg kg−1 soil), whereas the protease activity was partially inhibited at higher concentration. The inhibition of seed germination by o-cresol was revoked by bioaugmentation of the soil with the cresol-degrading Pseudomonas monteilii S-CSR-0014 (2.3 x 108 CFU g−1 wet soil) enabling normal seed germination and seedling growth. The inoculated bacterium degraded 50 and 150 mg o-cresol kg−1 soil efficiently, with concomitant growth. It can be concluded that by bacterial bioaugmentation of o-cresol-contaminated soils the inhibition of germination of crop seeds could be eliminated effectively enabling healthy seedling growth.

The Effect of High Concentrations of Ethylene on Seed Germination of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Borno ◽  
Iain E. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations

Stratified, imbibed Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seeds were exposed to 100% ethylene for times between 0 and 366 h. Germination rate and germination percentage were increased by treatments up to 48 h. The 12-h treatment gave largest stimulation; 30% enhancement of final germination percentage over control. Treatment for 96 h caused increased germination rate for the first 5 days but reduced the germination percentage. Germinants were subject to continuous exposure to atmospheres containing 0.1 – 200 000 ppm ethylene in air, but it did not stimulate growth, and the gas was inhibitory above 100 ppm. Although some effects of high concentrations of ethylene may have been due to the lowering of oxygen supplies, this alone was insufficient to account for the full inhibitory effect. The mechanism of stimulation by short-term exposure to ethylene is discussed.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

scholarly journals Physical characterization of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) fruits and seeds germination in different temperatures and light regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lone ◽  
R. C. Colombo ◽  
B. L. G. Andrade ◽  
L. S. A. Takahashi ◽  
R. T. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Medium Time ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The germination characteristics of the native cactus species are poorly known, being the temperature and the light the factors that the most interferes in that process. Thus, the objective of the present work was to characterize the fruits and evaluate the influence of the temperature and the light in the seed germination of Rhipsalis floccosa, Rhipsalis pilocarpa and Rhipsalis teres. The tested constant temperatures were 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the alternate of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C in a photoperiod of 10 hours, and with determination of the most appropriate temperature, the germination was tested in light absence. The germination percentage, the index of germination speed and medium time of germination were evaluated. For R. floccosa, the highest germination percentage was at 20 °C. For R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the highest germination percentages occurred in 15 °C and 20 °C. There was correlation to germination percentage between the three species, indicating that they had similar germination behavior. Total absence of germination was verified for the three species in condition of light absence. In conclusion, the temperature of 20 °C is the most suitable for the seed germination of R. floccosa. For the species R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the temperatures of 15 and 20 °C are the most suitable.

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Peng ◽  
Wu Geng ◽  
Wu Yong-quan ◽  
Li Mao-teng ◽  
Xiang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 +  and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 +  was more toxic than Cd2 +  at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

Evaluation of Herbicidal Potential of Eucalyptus spp for Biological Control of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Amal Ehtaiwesh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Traits

Pots culture experiment was conducted to evaluates the herbicidal potential of Eucalyptus spp. (aceae) on growth of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (Poaceae). Leaves extract with concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% of Eucalyptus plant were applied as soil and foliar application to seeds and seedlings of D. aegyptium species.  The result indicated that the application of Eucalyptus leaves extracts caused significant reduction in germination traits, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus extract on D. aegyptium L was more noticeable in plant growth traits than on germination traits. Results show that among the different concentration of Eucalyptus leave extracts used in this study, 40% was the most toxic and caused the significant effect on germination and growth traits of Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Application of 40% of Eucalyptus leave extract decreased germination percentage by 30%, mean daily germination by 45%, shoot length by 38%. root length by 54%, number of branches by 61%, number of leavesby59%, seedling fresh weights by 23%, seedling dry weights by 62% and seedling vigor index by 60%. The results of this study concluded that the use of Eucalyptus plants have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. However, more researches are needed to evaluate the negative impact of Eucalyptus on crop growth.

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