scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of organic substrates for germination testing of soybean seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marija Milivojević ◽  
Dragana Branković-Radojčić ◽  
Radmila Vukadinović ◽  
Jasna Kojić ◽  
Zoran Dumanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Crop Density

High germination of seeds and seedling establishment are critical for soybean production since it determines crop density and eventually affects the yield. Accurate evaluation of the germination potential of sowing material is valuable, as well as initial quality assessment of newly harvested seed. ISTA Rules prescribe alternative methods for soybean seed germination: sand, between paper, top of paper covered with sand and since 2020 organic growing media. In the Seed Testing Laboratory at the Maize Research Institute soybean germination is conducted in the sand at 20<=>30°C. The objective of this study was to evaluate several available organic growing media and compare results obtained with the standard laboratory method. Five soybean seed lots of different quality were tested in four germination growing media (3 organic and sand), at two temperature regimes (25 °C and 20<=>30°C). Statistical analyses showed that all types of organic growing media were of the same quality. Slightly higher germination in organic growing media was obtained in the experiment at 20<=>30°C compared to sand, but those differences were not statistically significant. When testing was done in germinator with 25°C positive effects of organic growing media were identified and this impact was significant, especially for low-quality seed lots. The experimental outcome was to continue with routine practice and use organic growing media for retesting of seed lots with lower germination as an alternative substrate.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in soybean seed quality under different storage conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Daniele Piano Rosa ◽  
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽  
Diego Santos Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva ◽  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Almost All

This study aimed to assess the effect of genetic diversity on physiological quality of soybean seeds stored in cold chamber and under environmental conditions. Ten cultivars were assessed in a randomized factorial design (2x10). Factor 1 corresponded to two storage conditions and factor 2 to ten soybean cultivars, with four replications. The evaluated variables were total germination (G%), first count of germination (F%), percentage of abnormal seedlings (AS%), germination speed index (GSI), water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), dry matter of seedlings (DMS) and length of seedlings (LS). Data underwent ANOVA, followed by Scott Knott test, as well as multivariate analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed a higher physiological quality for seeds under cold storage. Half of the cultivars (FPS Júpiter, FPS Urano, FPS Antares, FPS Netuno and CD 250) presented high germination rates and seed vigor, being thus indicated as high-standard materials for further breeding programs. Besides that, storage environment had influence on the clustering of soybean cultivars. Moreover, cultivars had genetic dissimilarity for almost all assessed traits as G%, GSI, F%, AS%, EC, DMS and LS.

scholarly journals Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigour

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maythem Al-Amery ◽  
Robert L. Geneve ◽  
Mauricio F. Sanches ◽  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Elizabeth B. Maghirang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Qualitative Models

AbstractRapid, non-destructive methods for measuring seed germination and vigour are valuable. Standard germination and seed vigour were determined using 81 soybean seed lots. From these data, seed lots were separated into high and low germinating seed lots as well as high, medium and low vigour seed lots. Near-infrared spectra (950–1650 nm) were collected for training and validation samples for each seed category and used to create partial least squares (PLS) prediction models. For both germination and vigour, qualitative models provided better discrimination of high and low performing seed lots compared with quantitative models. The qualitative germination prediction models correctly identified low and high germination seed lots with an accuracy between 85.7 and 89.7%. For seed vigour, qualitative predictions for the 3-category (low, medium and high vigour) models could not adequately separate high and medium vigour seeds. However, the 2-category (low, medium plus high vigour) prediction models could correctly identify low vigour seed lots between 80 and 100% and the medium plus high vigour seed lots between 96.3 and 96.6%. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to provide near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based predictive models using agronomically meaningful cut-offs for standard germination and vigour on a commercial scale using over 80 seed lots.

A comparison of methods for the prediction of Cantonese noodle colour

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kruger ◽  
R. R. Matsuo ◽  
K. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Flour Colour ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The common laboratory method for preparing Cantonese raw noodle dough for colour evaluation requires 200–300 g flour, a Hobart mixer to mix the dough and an Ohtake laboratory noodle machine. Alternative methods requiring less flour or less costly apparatus were developed and compared. Although the brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) were influenced by the method of noodle-dough preparation, variations between methods were consistent. Different formulations of Kansui had similar effects on noodle brightness and yellowness, with the exception of sodium hydroxide, which produced substantially increased yellowness. The rate of decrease in brightness with time was useful as a quality parameter in estimation of noodle colour and may be indicative, in some cases, of the presence of polyphenol oxidase enzymes. The ranges in brightness and yellowness of Cantonese noodle doughs are very similar for Canadian wheats, except for soft white wheat cultivars.Key words: Noodle, wheat, flour, colour, polyphenol oxidase

scholarly journals First Report of Sclerotium Production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soil on Infected Soybean Seeds

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Yang ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
P. Lundeen
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Sclerotium Production

Stem rot of soybean caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was not recognized as an important problem in the North Central Region of the United States until severe outbreaks occurred in 1992, 1994, and 1996 (2). Although sclerotia mixed with seeds are known to be important to the spread of this disease, the role of internally infested soybean seed in dissemination of the disease is unknown. Tu (1) demonstrated in dry bean, which differs from soybean in seed size and plant architecture, that internally infected seeds are important to the spread of the disease, by producing sclerotia in the soil after the seeds are planted. Experiments were conducted to determine if sclerotia are formed in soils from internally infected soybean seeds. Soybean seed from a field with 70% disease severity were collected and sorted into three classes: (i) normal quality seed, which included moderate or good seed; (ii) poor quality seed (shriveled and/or whitish); and (iii) seed of regular size with visible mycelial mats (S. sclerotiorum or Peronospora manshurica (Naumov) Syd. in Gäum) on the seed coat. Transfer of surface-disinfested seeds to potato dextrose agar and subsequent production of sclerotia showed that 2, 44, and 6% of the seed from each respective class were infested with S. sclerotiorum. One hundred seeds from each of these classes were planted into sterilized and nonsterilized soil at a rate of 5 seeds per pot. Toothpicks were placed to identify the location of each seed, and seeds were covered with 2 cm of soil. Pots were placed in growth chambers with a 14-h photoperiod under two temperature regimes: (i) at 20°C; and (ii) at 10°C for 10 days and then raised to 20°C. Soil was kept saturated by periodically top watering the pots for the first 10 days and bottom watering after that. Two weeks after planting, seeds were examined for formation of sclerotia and the percentages of seeds from which sclerotia were formed were calculated. The experiments were conducted four times. One to two (occasionally three) sclerotia were found in place of each seed that did not germinate. Sclerotia were mainly found from seeds of poor quality, with an average of 12% seeds that produced sclerotia. The frequency of sclerotia found in normal quality seeds was 0.4%, and no sclerotia were found from seeds with mycelial mats. The sclerotia were 2.36 ± 1.07 mm in width, 3.33 ± 1.11 mm in length, and 6.8 ± 3.7 mg in weight, with an averaged germination rate of 88% 8 months after production. Sclerotia production frequencies were 11.4 and 15.4% for temperature regimes (i) and (ii), respectively. Higher percentages of sclerotium production were found in sterilized soil (15.6%) than nonsterilized soil (7.5%). Our results indicate the possibility of internally infected soybean seeds as a means for field-to-field dissemination of S. sclerotiorum. References: (1) J. C. Tu. J. Phytopathol. 121:40, 1988. (2) X. B. Yang. ICM Newsl. 18, 1997.

ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO CONTROL PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM IN STRAWBERRY CULTIVATED IN SOILLESS GROWING MEDIA

2014 ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Evenhuis ◽  
E. Nijhuis ◽  
J. Lamers ◽  
J. Verhoeven ◽  
J. Postma
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Growing Media

scholarly journals The effects of meditation on length of telomeres in healthy individuals: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirodhi Namika Dasanayaka ◽  
Nirmala Sirisena ◽  
Nilakshi Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Background: Meditation based practices have been suggested to result in many biological benefits which include reduction of attrition of telomeres, the protective nucleotide-protein complexes at termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. This systematic review evaluated the effects of meditation on telomere length (TL) in healthy adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Case-control studies (CCS) conducted to determine the effects of meditation on TL in healthy individuals, published up to July 2020 were retrieved by searching seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Google Scholar). The methodological quality of RCTs and CCS was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist respectively. The data was synthesized narratively and the effect estimates of telomere length in the RCTs was synthesized using alternative methods as a meta-analysis was not conducted. The certainty of evidence was classified according to the GRADE system. Results: A total of 1751 articles were screened. Five studies comprising two RCTs and three CCS were included in the final review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The combined sample consisted of 615 participants with 41.7% males. Average age of participants was 47.7 years. One CCS and one RCT reported significant beneficial effects of meditation on TL while the two remaining CCS and the RCT showed positive effects of meditation on TL which were not significant. For all CCS and one RCT, the methodological quality was high while the remaining RCT was of moderate quality. The quality of evidence for the primary outcome was moderate in RCTs.Conclusion: The present review adds to the existing evidence showing that meditation is potentially beneficial in reducing shortening of TL in healthy adults. However, strictly designed and well-reported RCTs with larger sample sizes are required to provide evidence of higher quality. Systematic Review Registration: The protocol of this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (registration number: CRD42020153977)

scholarly journals Aplikasi Gelombang Mikro sebagai Pengendali Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Kedelai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Raden Sujayadi ◽  
Supyani Supyani ◽  
Edi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Two Stages

One of the obstacles in providing high quality soybean (Glycine max) seed is the infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Micro wave treatment is one of the alternative methods to control the seed-borne pathogens effectively but it needs to be further developed. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage was aimed to determine the best soybean seed moisture content in maintaining seed physiological quality after exposing to micro wave. The second stage was aimed to determine the most effective duration of micro wave exposure to reduce the rate of infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens using the best moisture content resulted from the first stage. The experiment  on seed moisture indicated that 9.20% was the best seed moisture content in maintaining the physiological quality when the seed was exposed to micro wave.  Furthermore, micro wave exposure of 60 seconds was able to control Aspergillus flavus, while the exposure of  80 seconds was able to control Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., and A. niger.

scholarly journals Viability of soybean seed produced under different agro-meteorological conditions in Vojvodina

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Vujakovic ◽  
Svetlana Balesevic-Tubic ◽  
Dusica Jovicic ◽  
Ksenija Taski-Ajdukovic ◽  
Dragana Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
High Germination

At the time of soybean seed sowing in the field, a high soil moisture, low soil and air temperatures, and crasts formation may occur, which can lead to slow germination, poor seedling establishment, and in some cases to loss of seed vigor. Due to the importance and prevalence of soybean the aim of this study was to determine the quality and seed viability of different genotypes produced at three locations in Vojvodina during 2009 and 2010. Eight soybean varieties (Afrodita, Valjevka, Balkan, Novosadjanka, Ravnica, Ana, Vojvodjanka and Venera) produced in Vrbas, Senta and Indjija during 2009 and 2010 were tested. Seed germination was determined using Standard laboratory test, and vigor tests (cold test, and accelerated aging test). Studied genotypes baheved differently in different years and at different localities. Genotype Venera achieved high germination values in all applied tests in 2009, while genotype Afrodita had high values of the tested parameter when conventional laboratory test was applied, and the lowest values were recorded when vigor tests were applied. Values obtained in 2010 when all tests were applied were above the prescribed minimum. Locality of Vrbas proved to be more favorable for seed production in relation to localities of Indjija and Senta due to better rainfall distribution.

Fungicide seed dressings: their effects on emergence of soybean and nodulation of pea and soybean

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Stovold ◽  
J Evans
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Inoculant Carrier ◽  
Seedling Diseases

A range of fungicides was tested for their efficacy as seed treatments for the control of seedling diseases of soybeans. Thiram, captan and captafol at rates of 2000 ppm a.i. w/w or 3000 ppm a.i. w/w provided the most consistent protection in field trials conducted for 3 years at three separate sites. Of these three fungicides, thiram had the least effect on nodulation by Rhizobium applied to the seed, but an inhibiting effect did occur in some years. Several other fungicides had little effect on nodulation but were inconsistent in controlling seedling diseases. In a glasshouse pot trial, the fungicides did not reduce nodulation even though some were consistently toxic in the field experiments. In field trials with peas and soybeans, the inhibitory effect of a toxic fungicide (captan) on nodulation by seed-borne Rhizobium was avoided by using alternative methods of inoculation which separated Rhizobium from the treated seed. A water suspension of peat-based rhizobial inoculant, or sand particles coated with peat inoculant introduced to the furrow together with the seed, were effective methods of inoculation. A large-particle inoculant carrier (heat-killed soybean seed) was unsuitable. For control of soybean seedling disease we recommend the use of thiram fungicide at a rate of 2000 ppm a.i. w/w, and where practicable the use of alternative methods of Rhizobium inoculation to separate the inoculum from the treated seed.

scholarly journals The Germination of Perennial Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis Tenuifolia (L.) DC.) and Annual Garden Rocket (Eruca Sativa Mill.) Under Controlled Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Jenny Jobling ◽  
Gordon Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Respective Species

AbstractThe germination characteristics of three cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket were assessed at constant and diurnal temperatures for ten days. The seeds were exposed to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C or diurnal temperatures of 24/10, 28/16 and 18/5°C, with a 12/12 h exposure of each regime. The diurnal temperatures were chosen to reflect the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures experienced in Ellis Lane, Australia; during the spring, summer and winter. The total germination percentage (TGP) of perennial wall rocket was the highest at 20 to 30°C, whereas the highest TGP occurred at 10 to 30°C for annual garden rocket. The daily germination speed (DGS) and germination value (GV) are two useful formulas used to express the germination characteristics of seeds that under certain conditions do not achieve ≥50% germination. For both species, there was a significant interaction between the cultivar and temperature for the DGS and GV at both constant and diurnal temperatures; illustrating that the commercial cultivars of these species germinate at different rates in response to different ambient temperatures. This has important implications for the commercial production of these species, as cultivars with high germination rates need to be chosen for different seasonal conditions. At diurnal temperatures, there was an interaction between the cultivar and temperature for perennial wall rocket, with the cvs. DT1 and DT2 having similar TGPs across all of the temperature regimes, whereas the cv. DT3 had lower TGPs across all of the regimes. There was no interaction between the cultivar and diurnal temperature for annual garden rocket; however, temperature did influence the TGP, with higher values at 24/10 and 18/5°C. The germination of the smaller seeds from the perennial species was found to be more dependent on temperature than the larger seeds from the annual species. This is likely due to differences in stored reserves and the influence of secondary dormancy in the respective species.

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