scholarly journals Precipitation and Air Temperature Impact on Seasonal Variations of Groundwater Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilva Vitola ◽  
Valdis Vircavs ◽  
Kaspars Abramenko ◽  
Didzis Lauva ◽  
Arturs Veinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this study is to clarify seasonal effects of precipitation and temperature on groundwater level changes in monitoring stations of the Latvia University of Agriculture - Mellupīte, Bērze and Auce. Groundwater regime and level fluctuations depend on climatic conditions such as precipitation intensity, evapotranspiration, surface runoff and drainage, as well as other hydrological factors. The relationship between precipitation, air temperature and groundwater level fluctuations could also lead and give different perspective of possible changes in groundwater quality. Using mathematical statistics and graphic-analytic methods it is concluded that autumn and winter precipitation has the dominant impact on groundwater level fluctuations, whereas spring and summer season fluctuations are more dependent on the air temperature.

scholarly journals Analysis of groundwater levels in piezometers in the Vipava Valley

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Mateja Jelovčan ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

The Vipava Valley is a unique region in south-western Slovenia. In addition to surface water, groundwater is also important, although it is hidden from the eye. The paper presents an analysis of groundwater levels in piezometers in the Vipava Valley. The analysis was performed on 10 piezometers, which are still operating today, and includes a display of levels and basic statistics, correlations, the impact of distance from the Vipava riverbed, trends, and seasonality. According to the groundwater level, piezometers in the Vipava Valley can be divided into three groups. The first group with the highest levels includes piezometers Gradišče, Vipavski Križ, and Ajdovščina, the second group piezometers Prvačina, Šempeter, Volčja Draga, Renče, and Vrtojba, and the third group with the lowest groundwater levels includes the piezometers Miren and Orehovlje. The results of the analyses showed good or bad connections between groundwater levels in piezometers, as well as between groundwater levels and the Vipava River water level at various gauging stations. The fluctuation of the groundwater level is conditioned by the distance from the Vipava riverbed and the area’s geological or tectonic structure. An unambiguous trend of groundwater levels cannot be determined. The seasonality of groundwater level fluctuations is not pronounced, but the highest values of groundwater levels occur in autumn and winter, and the lowest in summer.

scholarly journals The Role of Environmental Background Processes in Determining Groundwater Level Variability—An Investigation of a Record Flood Event Using Dynamic Factor Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2336
Author(s):  
Balázs Trásy ◽  
Norbert Magyar ◽  
Tímea Havril ◽  
József Kovács ◽  
Tamás Garamhegyi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Dynamic Factor Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Environmental Background

Since groundwater is a major source of water for drinking and for industrial and irrigation uses, the identification of the environmental processes determining groundwater level fluctuation is potentially a matter of great consequence, especially in light of the fact that the frequency of extreme climate events may be expected to increase, causing changes in groundwater recharge systems. In the recent study, data measured at a frequency of one hour were collected from the Szigetköz, an inland delta of the Danube. These were then used to determine the presence, or not, and magnitude of any hidden environmental background factors that may be causing groundwater level fluctuations. Through the application of dynamic factor analysis, it was revealed that changes in groundwater level are mainly determined by (i) the water level of neighboring rivers and (ii) evapotranspiration. The intensity of these factors may also be estimated spatially. If the background factors determined by dynamic factor analysis do indeed figure in the linear model as variables, then the time series of groundwater levels can be said to have been accurately estimated with the use of linear regression. The accuracy of the estimate is indicated by the fact that adjusted coefficient of determination exceeds 0.9 in 80% of the wells. The results, via an enhanced understanding of the reasons for changes in the fluctuation of groundwater, could assist in the development of sustainable water management and irrigation strategies and the preparation for varying potential climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Groundwater Modeling with Machine Learning Techniques: Ljubljana polje Aquifer

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klemen Kenda ◽  
Matej Čerin ◽  
Mark Bogataj ◽  
Matej Senožetnik ◽  
Kristina Klemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Input Variables

In this study a thorough analysis is conducted concerning the prediction of groundwater levels of Ljubljana polje aquifer. Machine learning methodologies are implemented using strongly correlated physical parameters as input variables. The results show that data-driven modelling approaches can perform sufficiently well in predicting groundwater level changes. Different evaluation metrics confirm and highlight the capability of these models to catch the trend of groundwater level fluctuations. Despite the overall adequate performance, further investigation is needed towards improving their accuracy in order to be comprised in decision making processes.

scholarly journals Characterising hillslope–stream connectivity with a joint event analysis of stream and groundwater levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5713-5744
Author(s):  
Daniel Beiter ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Hillslope–stream connectivity controls runoff generation, during events and during baseflow conditions. However, assessing subsurface connectivity is a challenging task, as it occurs in the hidden subsurface domain where water flow can not be easily observed. We therefore investigated if the results of a joint analysis of rainfall event responses of near-stream groundwater levels and stream water levels could serve as a viable proxy for hillslope–stream connectivity. The analysis focuses on the extent of response, correlations, lag times and synchronicity. As a first step, a new data analysis scheme was developed, separating the aspects of (a) response timing and (b) extent of water level change. This provides new perspectives on the relationship between groundwater and stream responses. In a second step we investigated if this analysis can give an indication of hillslope–stream connectivity at the catchment scale. Stream water levels and groundwater levels were measured at five different hillslopes over 5 to 6 years. Using a new detection algorithm, we extracted 706 rainfall response events for subsequent analysis. Carrying out this analysis in two different geological regions (schist and marls) allowed us to test the usefulness of the proxy under different hydrological settings while also providing insight into the geologically driven differences in response behaviour. For rainfall events with low initial groundwater level, groundwater level responses often lag behind the stream with respect to the start of rise and the time of peak. This lag disappears at high antecedent groundwater levels. At low groundwater levels the relationship between groundwater and stream water level responses to rainfall are highly variable, while at high groundwater levels, above a certain threshold, this relationship tends to become more uniform. The same threshold was able to predict increased likelihood for high runoff coefficients, indicating a strong increase in connectivity once the groundwater level threshold was surpassed. The joint analysis of shallow near-stream groundwater and stream water levels provided information on the presence or absence and to a certain extent also on the degree of subsurface hillslope–stream connectivity. The underlying threshold processes were interpreted as transmissivity feedback in the marls and fill-and-spill in the schist. The value of these measurements is high; however, time series of several years and a large number of events are necessary to produce representative results. We also find that locally measured thresholds in groundwater levels can provide insight into the connectivity and event response of the corresponding headwater catchments. If the location of the well is chosen wisely, a single time series of shallow groundwater can indicate if the catchment is in a state of high or low connectivity.

scholarly journals The influence of Arctic air masses on climatic conditions of the snow accumulation period in the center of the European territory of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Julia Nikolaevna Chizhova
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this article is exmination of the influence of the Arctic air flow on the climatic conditions of the winter period in the center of the European territory of Russia (Moscow). In recent years, the question of the relationship between regional climatic conditions and such global circulation patterns as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AK) has become increasingly important. Based on the data of long-term observations of temperature and precipitation, the relationship with the AK and NAO was considered. For the winter months of the period 2014-2018, the back trajectories of the movement of air masses were computed for each date of precipitation to identify the sources of precipitation. The amount of winter precipitation that forms the snow cover of Moscow has no connection with either the North Atlantic Oscillation or the Arctic Oscillation. The Moscow region is located at the intersection of the zones of influence of positive and negative phases of both cyclonic patterns (AK and NAO), which determine the weather in the Northern Hemisphere. For the winter months, a correlation between the surface air temperature and NAO (r = 0.72) and AK (r = 0.66) was established. Winter precipitation in the center of the European territory of Russiais mainly associated with the unloading of Atlantic air masses. Arctic air masses relatively rarely invade Moscow region and bring little precipitation (their contribution does not exceed 12% of the total winter precipitation).

scholarly journals Wildfire Impacts on Groundwater Aquifers: A Case Study of the 1996 Honey Boy Fire in Beaver County, Utah, USA

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Johnk ◽  
David C. Mays
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beaver County ◽  
Level Reduction

It is well known that wildfires destroy vegetation and form soil crusts, both of which increase stormwater runoff that accelerates erosion, but less attention has been given to wildfire impacts on groundwater aquifers. Here, we present a systematic study across the contiguous United States to test the hypothesis that wildfires reduce infiltration, indicated by temporary reductions in groundwater levels. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis performed using structured queried language (SQL) categorized wildfires by their proximity to wells with publicly available monitoring data. Although numerous wildfires were identified with nearby monitoring wells, most of these data were confounded by unknown processes, preventing a clear acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis. However, this analysis did identify a particular case study, the 1996 Honey Boy Fire in Beaver County, Utah, USA that supports the hypothesis. At this site, daily groundwater data from a well located 790 m from the centroid of the wildfire were used to assess the groundwater level before and after the wildfire. A sinusoidal time series adjusted for annual precipitation matches groundwater level fluctuations before the wildfire but cannot explain the approximately two-year groundwater level reduction after the wildfire. Thus, for this case study, there is a correlation, which may be causal, between the wildfire and temporary reduction in groundwater levels. Generalizing this result will require further research.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Complex Groundwater Level Dynamics during Episodic Rainfall Events of a Surficial Aquifer in Southern Italy

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Nicola Pastore ◽  
Claudia Cherubini ◽  
Angelo Doglioni ◽  
Concetta Immacolata Giasi ◽  
Vincenzo Simeone
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Surficial Aquifer

We analyzed the complex dynamics that are involved the groundwater level variations due to the episodic rainfall supply in the Ionian coastal plain surficial aquifer located in Southern Italy. In this aquifer, as a consequence of the particular hydrogeological framework, both direct and lateral recharge mechanisms coexist. Hence, the dynamics of groundwater level variations are quite complex and strongly non-linear. Our focus was essentially on the short-term behavior of groundwater levels, with a specific analysis on episodic rainfall events. To model these dynamics, due to the presence of the preferential pathways in the infiltration processes, a kinematic dispersion wave model was used. Specifically, a one-dimensional and non-linear particle-based numerical model was developed. It uses ideal particles with constant water volume travel, according to celerity and hydraulic dispersion, to simulate the infiltration rate wave through the vadose zone. The infiltration rate that reaches the water table represents the input function to evaluate the aquifer groundwater level fluctuations. As a consequence of the special lithological and storage capacity characteristics of the surficial layers, groundwater flow conditions change from unconfined to confined. The developed model analyzes the direct groundwater supply under natural conditions, including episodic rainfall, and it has been validated using a high-resolution time series of rainfall data and groundwater level obtained from the monitoring station Terra Montonata.

Application of nonparametric regression to groundwater level prediction

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaz Adamowski ◽  
W. Feluch
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Nonparametric Model ◽  
Nonparametric Regression Model ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sample Experiment ◽  
Validation Stage

A new nonparametric regression model is proposed to investigate the relationship between groundwater level fluctuations and streamflow time series observations. The developed nonparametric model does not force the relationship between variables into a rigidly defined class (i.e., linear regression) and is capable of inferring complicated relationships. The results from the analysis indicate that the nonparametric method gives more accurate prediction results than those obtained from parametric regression. A split-sample experiment shows that nonparametric regression gives accurate prediction (extrapolation) results at the validation stage. Key words: nonparametric regression, cross-validation method, groundwater level, streamflow.

The link between precipitation and recent outbreak of anthrax in North-West Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ezhova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov ◽  
Elli Suhonen ◽  
Dmitry Kaverin ◽  
Alexander Mahura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
North West

<p>Anthrax is a bacterial disease affecting mainly livestock but also posing a risk for humans. During the outbreak of anthrax on Yamal peninsula in 2016, 36 humans were infected and more than 2.5 thousand reindeer died or were killed to prevent further contamination [1]. Anthrax is a natural focal disease, which means that its agents depend on climatic conditions. The revival of bacteria in previously epidemiologically stable region was attributed to thawing permafrost, intensified during the heat wave of 2016. We studied recent dynamics of air temperature as well as summer and winter precipitation in the region. In addition, we analysed the effect of winter precipitation and air temperature on the dynamics of active layer thickness using data from Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring sites [2]. Our analysis suggests that permafrost was thawing intensively during several years before the outbreak, when snowy cold winters followed warmer winters. Thick snow prevented soil from freezing and enhanced permafrost thawing. In addition, we showed that summer precipitation drastically decreased in the region of outbreak during recent years, likely contributing to the spread of disease.  </p><p>[1] Popova, A.Yu. et al. Outbreak of Anthrax in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in 2016, Epidemiological Peculiarities. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. <strong>4</strong>, 42–46 (2016).</p><p>[2] Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring site: https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/ [2/08/2019].</p>

scholarly journals The dynamics of cultivation and floods in arable lands of Central Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Viglizzo ◽  
E. G. Jobbágy ◽  
L. Carreño ◽  
F. C. Frank ◽  
R. Aragón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Cyclic Mechanism ◽  
Subsurface Lateral Flow ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
One Year

Abstract. Although floods in watersheds have been associated with land-use change since ancient times, the dynamics of flooding is still incompletely understood. In this paper we explored the relations between rainfall, groundwater level, and cultivation to explain the dynamics of floods in the extremely flat and valuable arable lands of the Quinto river watershed, in central Argentina. The analysis involved an area of 12.4 million hectare during a 26-year period (1978–2003), which comprised two extensive flooding episodes in 1983–1988 and 1996–2003. Supported by information from surveys as well as field and remote sensing measurements, we explored the correlation among precipitation, groundwater levels, flooded area and land use. Flood extension was associated to the dynamics of groundwater level. While no correlation with rainfall was recorded in lowlands, a significant correlation (P<0.01) between groundwater and rainfall in highlands was found when estimations comprise a time lag of one year. Correlations between groundwater level and flood extension were positive in all cases, but while highly significant relations (P<0.01) were found in highlands, non significant relations (P>0.05) predominate in lowlands. Our analysis supports the existence of a cyclic mechanism driven by the reciprocal influence between cultivation and groundwater in highlands. This cycle would involve the following stages: (a) cultivation boosts the elevation of groundwater levels through decreased evapotranspiration; (b) as groundwater level rises, floods spread causing a decline of land cultivation; (c) flooding propitiates higher evapotranspiration favouring its own retraction; (d) cultivation expands again following the retreat of floods. Thus, cultivation would trigger a destabilizing feedback self affecting future cultivation in the highlands. It is unlikely that such sequence can work in lowlands. The results suggest that rather than responding directly and solely to the same mechanism, floods in lowlands may be the combined result of various factors like local rainfall, groundwater level fluctuations, surface and subsurface lateral flow, and water-body interlinking. Although the hypothetical mechanisms proposed here require additional understanding efforts, they suggest a promising avenue of environmental management in which cultivation could be steered in the region to smooth the undesirable impacts of floods.

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