scholarly journals Quackery in the Treatment of Syphilis in Serbia / Nadrilekari u lečenju sifilisa u srbiji

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Bosiljka M. Lalević-Vasić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Health Department ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Professional Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract During the multi-century Ottoman rule, there were no educated physicians in Serbia, and “folk healers” used to treat the sick. Just after the 3rd decade of the 19th century, when the first educated physicians came to Serbia, we can also speak about quackery. At that time, syphilis started spreading and some quacks became “specialists for syphilis”. They were most numerous in the North-East Serbia in the 4th and 5th decades of the 19th century. They represented a major problem, because people believed them more than they believed physicians, while the state authorities of just liberated country, tolerated them. The quacks were not familiar with the clinical features of syphilis, and mostly used mercury to treat it by fumigation and inhalation, rubbing it into the skin, proscribing mercury pills, while symptoms of severe, sometimes lethal intoxication were signs of successful treatment. They also used sarsaparilla. Authorities of the new Government often issued them permission to work, whereas professional control and prohibition of such treatment began in 1839, when the Health Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was established. The most famous quack, “specialist for syphilis”, was Gojko Marković, who was also a “physician” and the first director of the Hospital for the treatment of syphilis in Serbia during a certain period. A married couple, Gaja and Kita Savković, were also well known, as well as Stojan Milenković, a young man in the service of Prince Miloš. There were, of course, many adventurers, imposters, travelling Turkish and Greek physicians, Gipsies, fortune-tellers, old women, and ignorant people of various professions. Their work was banned by the Government.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEVES OF THE TEA COMMUNITY OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1213
Author(s):  
Gyanshree Dutta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
North East India ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

India is a co-habitation of different casts, socio-cultural, religious groups of people. It is also observed in Assam, the state in the North-East India. It should be noted that the state of Assam has a reputation worldwide in the field of tea production. Since the beginning of tea production in Assam in the 19th century, the Tea Community social group of Assam has been formed with a large number of people working hard in the tea gardens. In this way tea farmers living in Assam since 19th century have become an independent community with their own social and cultural characteristics. The Tea Community of Assam has a lot of individual Characteristics in the socio-cultural aspects. This study attempts to discuss their social folk customs and believes.

scholarly journals Role of Media and Government towards Sustainable Development in Assam

2019 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Mohsina Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Welfare Department ◽  
The Government

<p>The North-East of India has been a hotly debated territory of India with voices coming up from different states such as Nagaland, Manipur and Assam demanding separate nations for themselves. These separatist agitations have got further confounded with a constant influx of Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh which began to impinge on the local cultural identities and demographics. This resulted in a prolonged militancy coupled with agitations yielding space for the Pakistani/Sri Lanka/Bangladesh based militants to infiltrate into India through porous borders of the North East and engage some disgruntled ultra outfits in the North East to wage a battle against India. In fact, Naga agitation for separate country bears a lot of similarity with the LTTE’s struggle for separate Eelam in Sri Lanka. Both have a lot of diaspora support and web-based campaign movements (Maya Ranganathan, 2010: 127-149). All these developments have complicated the prospects of the economic and industrial growth in this region. This resulted in the staggering illiteracy and unemployment for over a decade. Towards addressing the problems of the region, the government of India has taken a political decision to establish as many as seven central universities under its direct funding to ensure that the region gets the best education which might contribute further for enhanced employment opportunities in the region. Also, various department under Assam Government such as the Tourism Department, Health Department, Education Department, Social welfare Department etc has been provided with e-governance facilities for the users. The study assumes significance from the point of view that how far the e-services of various departments leads to the sustainable growth of the state and what is the role of media, government and educational institutes to improve the sustainable growth of the states through e-services.</p>

scholarly journals THE COURSE OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE UNDER MUHAMMAD-AMIN’S COMMAND IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 50s OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
D S Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
North West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century

Liberation struggle of mountaineers of the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century has always been one of the most topical problems in Russian historiography, since an integral, truthful and genuinely scientific concept of the events, which played an important role in the destinies of the peoples of the region, has not been created yet. It is known that the assessment of the Caucasian War has been changed many times. The researchers have misrepresented events and slanted a number of problems in the history of the local peoples and their relationship with Russia. The history of long heroic and at the same time tragic struggle of the mountaineers for freedom and independence is complex and unique. The people’s liberation movement arose due to socio-economic and political situation in the region, although intrigues of emissaries of other states also influenced the mountaineers’ struggle. The main reasons for the people’s liberation struggle appeared in the North-East Caucasus when the socio-political situation in the region had considerably changed. Basing on archival materials and special historical literature, the author of the article analyzes the liberation struggle of the mountaineers of the North-West Caucasus against the tsarist autocracy under the command of Shamil’s Naib Muhammad-Amin. The goal of the article is to trace the course of the people’s liberation struggle in the North-West Caucasus and its legal aspects in terms of both positive and negative sides. The author focuses on administrative and commanding talent of Muhammad-Amin, who managed to rally the mountaineers and organize the people’s liberation movement.

scholarly journals The Influence of Railways on the Economy of the North East of the Don Host Region (60s – 90s of the 19th Century)

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Andrei Lunochkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Terminal Station

Introduction. The article deals with the issue of the influence of the railways built in the 1860s – 1890s in the northeast of the Don Cossack Host Region on the economic development of this region. Methods. Published reports of railway joint-stock companies and archival statistical materials, observations of contemporaries show that this influence was ambiguous. Analysis and results. Gryaz-Tsaritsyn railway, which passed through the densely populated and fertile areas of Khopyorsky and Ust-Medveditsky districts, had the most positive impact on the economy. As a result, grain and livestock production significantly increased, agricultural marketability increased, old major trade and industry centers (Uryupinskaya stanitsa) were developing and new ones (Mikhaylovka sloboda, Privokzalny khutor) appeared. At the same time, the very first Volga-Don railway was mainly transit and had no noticeable impact on the development of the surrounding area, except for Kalach terminal station. Tsaritsyn- Tikhoretsk and East-Donetsk railways passed through the sparsely populated and infertile margin of the region, far from large settlements. Their influence on the local economy at first was rather negative and led to the collapse of the traditional horse carriage. The old trade centers, Nizhne-Chirskaya stanitsa and Kalach-on-Don khutor, were put in unfavorable conditions, which led to the slowdown in their development and the outflow of goods and traders to Oblivskaya and Morozovskaya railway stations.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN OF QUBA KHANS: NEW VERSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Bedirhan E. Eskenderov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the origin of the rulers of the Quba Khanate, which was located in the North-East of the modern Azerbaijan Republic. A.-K. Bakikhanov in his work "Golestan-e Eram" states that the Quba khans were direct descendants of the yangikent line of the kaitag utsmi, to which the Quba khanate was handed over to the hereditary possession of the Shah of Persia. Basing on the book by Bakikhanov, a well-known scholar-caucasiologist A.P. Berzhe deduced the ancestry of the Quba khans with indication of dates of birth and death of members of their family.The application of the comparative method of studying the sources about the Quba khans and all the peripeteias of their appearance and rule reveals significant differences both in the history of their rule and in the dates of life and death of several members of the khan family with the data given by A. K. Bakikhanov and A.P. Berzhe.As a result of the critical analysis of the sources, it was possible to find out both the controversial nature of the circumstances of the appearance in the Quba territory described in Golestan-e Eram and the failure of Bakikhanov's theory on the continuous rule of a single dynasty in Quba until the elimination of the khanate by the Russian power in the 19th century. The study revealed that the Quba khanate was ruled not by one but by two dynasties. The first dynasty was of an unknown origin, possibly presented by the people from Kaitag utsmi's line. However, it was discontinued at the very beginning of the 18th century. The new dynasty was replaced by another one, the ancestor of which, according to legends, was a certain “Lezgi Ahmed”. The second dynasty ruled until the beginning of the 19th century, after which the khans' rule in Quba was over. Unfortunately, some of the issues of interest remain unanswered, as we could not find any information that sheds light on them.

Chevin Tower - An Engine House Hidden in Plain Sight. A New Theory on a Local Landmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Castledine
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Landmark ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Hill

The tall square building known as Chevin Tower sits on the hill directly above the Milford tunnel on the North Midland railway constructed from 1837-1840 by the railways appointed contractors to surveys carried out by George & Robert Stephenson. Until recently it has always been described as a ‘signal tower’, or a manmade landmark to aid railway surveying where direct line of sight was not possible. In2021 articles in the Midland Journal explored the use of the tower casting some doubt on the signalling interpretation and this led the author to examine afresh the structure, its location and context. This review has refuted the original theories concerning its construction and postulating with extensive supporting evidence that the tower housed a winding engine used to raise material extracted in the shafts and tunnel headings below to the surface, thereby speeding up the process of its construction. This pattern of engine house with a vertical cylinder driving a winding drum mounted above was one widely used in the north-east coalfield during the 19th century and its construction was likely to have been influenced by the Stephensons whose background would have made them familiar with such an arrangement.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

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