scholarly journals Kajian Akulturasi Pada Aspek Intramusikal Dalam Komposisi Musik Program “Watu Pinawetengan”

SELONDING ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi Novrian Komalig
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
String Quartet ◽  
Music Composition ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Music Program ◽  
Percussion Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Music as part of culture is always changing. These changes can occur due to several things, one of them through acculturation. Acculturation is the intercultural contact of culturally intercultural groups that leads to cultural change for the group.Acculturation can be seen in a musical genre that combines two cultural idioms. One of them is the musical composition of Watu Pinawetengan program which will be described in this article. The composition of Watu Pinawetengan music program is a music program with string quartet format and instrument of tambur (percussion instrument of Minahasa). This musical composition consists of three movements, where each movement is inspired from Minahasa folklore about the origin of the division of agricultural areas. The first movement tells the story of the daily life of the Minahasan people. The second move tells the story of the conflict that occurred in the fight over agricultural land. While the third movement tells about negotiations to resolve conflicts in the division of agricultural areas.The musical composition of the program combines the ethical idioms of Minahasa music and western music. These idioms are manifested in the intramusic aspect, whether they are realized as melodies or harmonies. The merging of these two idioms will result in an acculturation. This acculturation process will be described in this article. What intramusical aspects are acculturated, the extent to which acculturation causes change, and which culture is stronger in its influence on other cultures. Keywords: Music, Composition.

Babbitt’s Beguiling Surfaces, Improvised Inside; Part III: Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Banks Mailman
Keyword(s):  
Music Composition ◽  
Jazz Improvisation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Partial Orderings ◽  
Compositional Structures ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Inside Part ◽  
Musical Activities

Babbitt’s relatively early composition Semi-Simple Variations (1956) presents intriguing surface patterns that are not determined by its pre-compositional plan, but rather result from subsequent “improvised” decisions that are strategic. This video (the third of a three-part video essay) considers Babbitt’s own conversational pronouncements (in radio interviews) together with some particulars of his life-long musical activities, that together suggest uncanny affiliations to jazz improvisation. As a result of Babbitt’s creative reconceptualizing of planning and spontaneity in music, his pre-compositional structures (partial orderings) fit in an unexpected way into (or reformulate) the ecosystem relating music composition to the physical means of its performance.

Carthage after the Punic Wars and the Neo-Punic Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Punic Wars

This chapter provides a brief introduction to how the historiographical development of Roman studies, since mid-twentieth century decolonization, has altered our understanding of the developments which took place in North Africa following the destruction of Carthage in 146 bce. The reader is introduced to literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources of evidence, which have traditionally been used to argue for either cultural change or continuity. After an initial examination of the immediate aftermath of the Third Punic War, Roman land appropriation and taxation, the focus is on sources of evidence usually described as “Punic,” “neo-Punic” or “Late Punic,” covering the spheres of municipal institutions, language use, and religious and funerary rituals. The vibrant multiculturalism and regional diversity of the Mediterranean and especially North Africa, both before and after the Roman conquest, is the dominant theme. This is used to shift emphasis away from grand explanatory paradigms based on essentialist identity categories, and toward a more nuanced picture of the complex and multivariate processes of cultural development and integration.

scholarly journals Relating environmental variables with aquatic community structure in an agricultural/urban coldwater stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Myers ◽  
Richard R. Rediske ◽  
James N. McNair ◽  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
E. Wendy Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Background Urban areas are often built along large rivers and surrounded by agricultural land. This may lead to small tributary streams that have agricultural headwaters and urbanized lower reaches. Our study objectives assessed are as follows: (1) landscape, geomorphic, and water quality variables that best explained variation in aquatic communities and their integrity in a stream system following this agricultural-to-urban land use gradient; (2) ways this land use gradient caused aquatic communities to differ from what would be expected for an idealized natural stream or other longitudinal gradients; and (3) whether the impacts of this land use gradient on aquatic communities would grow larger in a downstream direction through the agricultural and urban developments. Our study area was an impaired coldwater stream in Michigan, USA. Results Many factors structured the biological communities along the agricultural-to-urban land use gradient. Instream woody debris had the strongest relationship with EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) abundance and richness and were most common in the lower, urbanized watershed. Fine streambed substrate had the strongest relationship with Diptera taxa and surface air breather macroinvertebrates and was dominant in agricultural headwaters. Fish community assemblage was influenced largely by stream flow and temperature regimes, while poor fish community integrity in lower urban reaches could be impacted by geomorphology and episodic urban pollution events. Scraping macroinvertebrates were most abundant in deforested, first-order agricultural headwaters, while EPT macroinvertebrate richness was the highest downstream of agricultural areas within the urban zone that had extensive forest buffers. Conclusion Environmental variables and aquatic communities would often not conform with what we would expect from an idealized natural stream. EPT richness improved downstream of agricultural areas. This shows promise for the recovery of aquatic systems using well-planned management in watersheds with this agricultural-to-urban land use pattern. Small patches of forest can be the key to conserving aquatic biodiversity in urbanized landscapes. These findings are valuable to an international audience of researchers and water resource managers who study stream systems following this common agricultural-to-urban land use gradient, the ecological communities of which may not conform with what is generally known about land use impacts to streams.

scholarly journals Body size, sex and high philopatry influence the use of agricultural land by Galapagos giant tortoises

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kyana N. Pike ◽  
Stephen Blake ◽  
Freddy Cabrera ◽  
Iain J. Gordon ◽  
Lin Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Large Male ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Privately Owned

Abstract As agricultural areas expand, interactions between wild animals and farmland are increasing. Understanding the nature of such interactions is vital to inform the management of human–wildlife coexistence. We investigated patterns of space use of two Critically Endangered Galapagos tortoise species, Chelonoidis porteri and Chelonoidis donfaustoi, on privately owned and agricultural land (hereafter farms) on Santa Cruz Island, where a human–wildlife conflict is emerging. We used GPS data from 45 tortoises tracked for up to 9 years, and data on farm characteristics, to identify factors that influence tortoise movement and habitat use in the agricultural zone. Sixty-nine per cent of tagged tortoises used the agricultural zone, where they remained for a mean of 150 days before returning to the national park. Large male tortoises were more likely to use farms for longer periods than female and smaller individuals. Tortoises were philopatric (mean overlap of farmland visits = 88.7 ± SE 2.9%), on average visiting four farms and occupying a mean seasonal range of 2.9 ± SE 0.3 ha. We discuss the characteristics of farm use by tortoises, and its implications for tortoise conservation and coexistence with people.

scholarly journals Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Puiu-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Adrian Rosu ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological combinations meant to solve these problems simultaneously. Adapting the quality and parameters of the sludge to the specificity of the land solves the possible compatibility problems, thus reducing the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented sludge were monitored and optimal solutions for their treatment were suggested so as to allow that the sludge could be used in agriculture according to the characteristics of the soils. The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was closely monitored because the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer does not allow for any increases in the concentrations of these in soils. The article identifies those agricultural areas which are suitable for the use of sludge, as well as ways of correcting some parameters (e.g., pH), which allow the improvement of soil quality and obtained higher agricultural production.

scholarly journals Coyote (Canis latrans) Habitat use and Mortality in Grand Teton National Park and Suburban-Agricultural Areas of Jackson Hole, Wyoming

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Matt McGee ◽  
Stan Anderson ◽  
Doug Wachob
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A study of coyote (Canis latrans) habitat use and mortality in Grand Teton National Park and the suburban-agricultural land surrounding Jackson, WY was conducted between September 1999 and August 2000. This research focused on the influence of human development, habitat type, topography, and simulated wolf presence on coyote habitat use and on coyote mortality patterns in undeveloped and suburban-agricultural land. The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline information on the coyote population in Jackson Hole that can be used in the future to determine what, if any, impact wolves and human developments may have on coyotes. There were a total of fifteen radio-collared coyotes in the suburban-agricultural area and fourteen radio collared coyotes in Grand Teton National Park and adjacent areas in the National Elk Refuge and Bridger-Teton National Forest. Marked coyotes were tracked weekly using short interval telemetry relocations and triangulation to determine habitat use patterns. During the winter, track transects were skied weekly and coyote trails were backtracked and mapped using hand held GPS units to determine fine scale habitat use patterns. Coyote mortality was determined via telemetry and direct observation. Preliminary data analyses suggest that coyotes use mainly sagebrush-grasslands or forest-shrub-grass edge areas and avoid forest interior areas. Coyotes frequently use trails and roads in the undeveloped area when moving long distances. Preliminary analysis also indicates that roads and trails are used in a greater proportion than their abundance on the landscape. Coyotes were frequently observed using riparian corridors to move between open meadows in the suburban-agricultural area. There is some evidence that suggests coyotes selectively travel fences and irrigation ditches for long distances in agricultural areas. The movement data also suggests that coyotes avoid developed areas during the day and travel in these developed areas at night. The data on coyote locations suggests some avoidance of wolf urine scent grids in the undeveloped area, but not in the developed area. Coyote mortality was primarily human caused, and coyotes that were male, transient, and lived in the suburban-agricultural area were the most commonly killed animals.

Webern's New Quartet

Tempo ◽  
1939 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Erwin Stein
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ternary Form

Anton Webern's String Quartet, Op. 28 (1938), is in three movements, the structural elements of which are related to classical forms. The first movement is designed as an adagio (ternary form), the second is a kind of scherzo and trio en miniature, in which neither part contains a second section or development. The third movement is an elaborate scherzo form without trio.

On Texts and Countertexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Harry Berger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Faerie Queene ◽  
Robert Frost ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Faerie Queene

The publication of Resisting Allegory offers us another chance to take stock of Harry Berger’s body of work. Harry Berger, Jr., has published original and enduringly influential essays on Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Marvell, Milton, Plato, Alberti, Virgil, Dante, Da Vinci, Pico della Mirandola, Vermeer, Beowulf, Erasmus, More, Theocritus, the concept of cultural change, the theory of periodization, and the poetry of Robert Frost. The third stage in Berger’s career-long engagement with Spenser was a series of seven essays published between 1991 and 2005 that revisit Books 1–3 of The Faerie Queene. Three essays on Book 1 have been revised and incorporated into the first chapter of Resisting Allegory, which now offers a full-dress reading of the Legend of Holinesse. Four more essays, two each on Books 2 and 3 of the poem, are reprinted here.

Narratives for the third millennium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Ray ◽  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
External Stimulus ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bce

By the later part of the third millennium BCE, Britain had become connected to mainland Europe by the so-called ‘Beaker network’. This appears to have involved the circulation of people, materials, and cultural innovations over trans-continental distances. Most tellingly, it included direct evidence for cross-Channel contact and the movement of individual people into Britain who had lived much or most of their lives in continental Europe. However, the evidence for such contact during the previous few centuries is very much sparser. If, as it seems reasonable to infer, developed passage tombs were ultimately an Atlantic European phenomenon that was adopted in idiosyncratic ways in Ireland, Scotland, and finally Scandinavia during the course of the fourth millennium, routine interactions with the Continent are less easy to identify thereafter. In marked contrast with this, the period after 3000 BCE saw the emergence of a range of new interregional connections within Britain and Ireland. These have been less consistently recognized, as they conflict with the traditional narrative in which populations in central and south-west Asia engaged in periodic wholesale migration northward and westward. Such a narrative of external stimulus to change is less secure in this period because we now realize that the social and cultural changes that overtook Britain in the earlier third millennium originated predominantly in the northern and western parts of these islands. Some of the most significant innovations of the third millennium throughout Britain were ultimately generated in the Orkney archipelago and its immediate sphere of contact. While aspects of the unique developments that took place in the Orkneys can be attributed to connections with Ireland and the Western Isles, these contributed to the emergence of a distinctive social formation that was at once highly competitive and spectacularly creative. By the start of the third millennium, Orkney had become a crucible of social and cultural change, but developments in the islands arguably began to diverge from those on the mainland soon after the Neolithic began, perhaps during the thirty-seventh century BCE.

scholarly journals Land protection versus planned land consumption: an example of the Hradec Králové Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Janoušek ◽  
Vladimír Papaj ◽  
Jiří Brázda
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Agricultural Areas

One of the most significant environmental problems in Europe is the land use change as a result of urbanization. The estimate of future agricultural land takes in the Czech Republic previously published in this journal is alarming; however, this is based on arbitrarily determined assumptions. Our contribution brings a more realistic assessment of the extent of expected land takes (example of the Hradec Králové Region). For this purpose, the data from the municipalities’ Planning Analytical Materials (PAM) on buildable areas (and redevelopment areas) and data on the existing expansion of built-up areas are used. Particular attention is paid to the best quality soils included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> protection class of agricultural land resources (ALR), because some municipalities located in fertile agricultural areas argue about the necessity to build up good-quality land. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been used for the evaluation to what extent the share of the soils included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> protection classes of ALR out of the total area of the municipality is really related to the share of best quality soils in planned buildable areas. The spatial statistics method ‒ geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been used to find spatial deviations from the global relationship model. There is a clear differentiation between the municipalities as to whether they are able to rather protect the best soil or whether they are planning future construction predominantly on it. E.g. in municipalities with about 30–50% of the land included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> ALR protection classes, buildable and redevelopment areas are designed from 0 to 100% for these highest classes of ALR protection. However, the total strength of the association (Pearson’s r) between these indicators is large, r = 0.80 (or r = 0.95 when “the point-index value of agricultural land” was used instead of ALR protection classes). The results of GWR show that higher deviations from the model value, both positive and negative ones, are not spatially clustered but located next to each other. Greater deviations occur more frequently in the more fertile western part of the region, where there is a higher pressure on good-quality land, which is either intended for development or protected on the basis of local factors (including spatial planning of individual municipalities). Estimation of future developments has revealed a substantial over-dimensionality of planned buildable areas – they will potentially be built up in more than 100 years.  

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