Using the Analysis of the Gases Dissolved in Oil in Diagnosis of Transformer Bushings with Paper-Oil Insulation—A Case Study

The article describes a case study when the voltage collapse during lightning impulse tests of new power transformers was noticed and when the repeated tests finished with a positive result. The step-by-step process of reaching the conclusion on the basis of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) as a key method of the investigations was presented. The considerations on the possible source of the analysis showed that the Duval triangle method, used in the analysis of the concentration of gases dissolved in oil samples taken from bushings, more reliably and unambiguously than the ratio method recommended in the IEC 60599 Standard, indicated a phenomenon which was identified in the insulation structure of bushings analyzed. Additionally, the results from DGA were found to be consistent with an internal inspection of bushings, which showed a visible trace of discharge on the inside part of the epoxy housing, as a result of the lightning induced breakdown.

PEMBANGUNAN BENTENG NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO (THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO FORT)

Rempah-rempah menjadi daya tarik utama kedatangan bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara. Cengkih, pala, dan fuli (bagian dalam buah pala yang berwarna merah dengan aroma harum) merupakan jenis rempah yang dicari. Rempah-rempah yang berasal dari Pulau Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, dan Bacan menjadi komoditas utama yang memiliki nilai tinggi dan diperebutkan oleh bangsa Eropa. Portugis merupakan bangsa Eropa pertama yang berhasil mencapai kepulauan rempah. Setelah menaklukkan Malaka pada tahun 1511, Alburqueque mengirimkan tiga kapal mencari kepulauan rempah. Kedatanganbangsa Portugis ke Maluku menjadi penanda awal hubungan bangsa Eropa dengan Nusantara hingga abad XX. Motivasi kedatangan bangsa Eropa yang didorong dengan semangat gold, gospel, dan glory memicu konflik yang berkepanjangan antara Eropa dan penduduk Maluku. Kedatangan Portugis ke Maluku disambut dengan baik oleh Sultan Ternate, Sultan Bayan (Abu Lais). Hubungan perdagangan yang baik antara Kesultanan Ternate dengan Portugis mendorong niat Portugis untuk membangun benteng di Ternate. Keinginan Portugis untuk membangun benteng mendapat izin dari Kesultanan Ternate. Tahap awal pengerjaan benteng dimulai pada tahun 1522. Daerah Kastela dipilih sebagai lokasi pembangunan benteng. Benteng ini merupakan benteng Portugis pertama di Nusantara. Selain sebagai pusat untuk perdagangan dan tempat tinggal bangsa Portugis, benteng pertama ini juga menjadi sekolah teologi pertama di Asia Tenggara. Benteng ini diberi nama Sao Joao Bautista atau Nostra Senora del Rosario yang berarti wanita cantik berkalung bunga mawar. Spices had attracted the arrival of Europeans to the archipelago. Cloves, nutmeg, and mace (the inside part of nutmeg which red color and fragrant) were the most wanted spices. The spices originating from the islands of Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, and Bacan became a high value comodity which was contested by Europeans. Portuguese was the first Europeans to reach the spice islands. After conquering Malacca in 1511, Alburqueque sent three ships to discover the spice islands. The arrival of the Portuguese to Moluccas was a sign of the beginning of the relationship between Portugal and Maluku until XX century. Portuguese motivation arriving to Mollucas was driven by enthusiasm gold, gospel, and glory. The arrival of the Portuguese was welcomed by the Sultan of Ternate, Sultan Bayan (Abu Lais). Good trade relations between Portuguese and Ternate encouraged Portuguese intention to build a fort in Ternate. the Portuguese wish to build a fort got permission from the Sultan. In 1522, early of the fort construction began. Kastela area was chosen as the location for the fort construction. It become the first Portuguese fort in the archipelago. Other than as a trading centre and Portuguese residence, the fort was also the first theological school in Southeast Asia. The fort is named of Sao Joao Bautista or Nostra Senora del Rosario which means beautiful women with rose flowers.

Fitoakumulasi Logam Ni dan Zn Dalam Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fruticans) Di Sungai Tallo Makassar

Research on phytoaccumulation of Ni and Zn in Nypa fruticans plants at Tallo River has been done to know the capability of Nypa fruticans for accumulating Ni and Zn. Water, sediment, and plant tissue samples were taken at five stations on the Tallo River using a cutting tool and pipe paralon. Sediment was digested with concentrated HNO3 while plants tissue using HNO3 6M, then analyzed by ICP EOS Shimadzu 9000. The results showed the average concentration of Ni inside part of the plant from station 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order following 21.759,03 ppm, 19.056,03 ppm; 36.806,25 ppm; 10.736,66 ppm dan 13.849,25 ppm. Average concentration of Zn inside the plant from station 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order following 1.319,60 ppm; 1.362,93 ppm; 2.053,46 ppm; 1.591,60 ppm; dan 1.474,09 ppm. Accumulation of Zn and Ni in Nypa fruticans is grouped as hyperaccumulation plant because the ability of accumulation Ni bigger than 10.000 mg/kg and hyperaccumulation towards Zn because able to accumulate Zn bigger than 10 mg/kg. BCF and TF value show that Nypa fruticans naturally able to be used as an phytoremediation plant towards Ni and Zn, especially phytoextraction and rhizofiltration.

Fitoakumulasi Logam Ni dan Zn Dalam Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fruticans) Di Sungai Tallo Makassar

Research on phytoaccumulation of Ni and Zn in Nypa fruticans plants at Tallo River has been done to know the capability of Nypa fruticans for accumulating Ni and Zn. Water, sediment, and plant tissue samples were taken at five stations on the Tallo River using a cutting tool and pipe paralon. Sediment was digested with concentrated HNO3 while plants tissue using HNO3 6M, then analyzed by ICP EOS Shimadzu 9000. The results showed the average concentration of Ni inside part of the plant from station 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order following 21.759,03 ppm, 19.056,03 ppm; 36.806,25 ppm; 10.736,66 ppm dan 13.849,25 ppm. Average concentration of Zn inside the plant from station 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order following 1.319,60 ppm; 1.362,93 ppm; 2.053,46 ppm; 1.591,60 ppm; dan 1.474,09 ppm. Accumulation of Zn and Ni in Nypa fruticans is grouped as hyperaccumulation plant because the ability of accumulation Ni bigger than 10.000 mg/kg and hyperaccumulation towards Zn because able to accumulate Zn bigger than 10 mg/kg. BCF and TF value show that Nypa fruticans naturally able to be used as an phytoremediation plant towards Ni and Zn, especially phytoextraction and rhizofiltration.

Babbitt’s Beguiling Surfaces, Improvised Inside; Part III: Opportunities

Babbitt’s relatively early composition Semi-Simple Variations (1956) presents intriguing surface patterns that are not determined by its pre-compositional plan, but rather result from subsequent “improvised” decisions that are strategic. This video (the third of a three-part video essay) considers Babbitt’s own conversational pronouncements (in radio interviews) together with some particulars of his life-long musical activities, that together suggest uncanny affiliations to jazz improvisation. As a result of Babbitt’s creative reconceptualizing of planning and spontaneity in music, his pre-compositional structures (partial orderings) fit in an unexpected way into (or reformulate) the ecosystem relating music composition to the physical means of its performance.

Babbitt’s Beguiling Surfaces, Improvised Inside; Part I: Freedoms

Milton Babbitt has been a controversial and iconic figure, which has indirectly led to fallacious assumptions about how his music is made, and therefore to fundamental misconceptions about how it might be heard and appreciated. This video (the first of a three-part video essay) reconsiders his music in light of both his personal traits and a more precise examination of the constraints and freedoms entailed by his unusual and often misunderstood compositional practices, which are based inherently on partial ordering (as well as pitch repetition), which enables a surprising amount of freedom to compose the surface details we hear. The opening of Babbitt’s Composition for Four Instruments (1948) and three recompositions (based on re-ordering of pitches) demonstrate the freedoms intrinsic to partial ordering.

Babbitt’s Beguiling Surfaces, Improvised Inside; Part II: Diversities

Babbitt’s pre-compositional structures (partial orderings) serve as a series of game-like rules affecting the composition of surface details we hear. Especially in Babbitt’s late works (post-1980) these partial ordering rules vary drastically in terms of how much freedom they allow. This variance can be modeled mathematically (a computational formula is explained and visualized). This video (the second of a three-part video essay) reveals, in an excerpt from Babbitt’s 1987 sax and piano work Whirled Series, an intricate web of referential details (serial and tonal) that are improvised from the trillions of possibilities enabled by its background structure (partial ordering). The advantages of this peculiar improvisatory compositional situation in which Babbitt places himself are compared to visual art, chord-based bebop jazz improvisation, and to current ethics-infused philosophies of improvisation.

Karmannye Den’gi : the Russified Stranger

The expression karmannye den’gi (pocket-money) is the calque of French Argent de poche or German Taschengeld, appeared in Russian in the second half of XVIII century and connected with the semantic transformation of the noun karman (pocket) (loanword of Turkic languages) and adjective karmannyy (pocket). The dynamic getting of the westeuropean facts into Russian life and terms into the language in the beginning of 18th century caused the impact in semantic structure of the word karman (pocket) with its old meaning ‘pouch; sewing on clothes moneybag’ and the new one, calqued ‘sewed inside part f clothes’. Next to the new meaning lots of other calqued collocations both for particular things (pocket watch, pop-up dictionary) (karmannye chasy, karmannye den‘gi entered the Russian language. The adaptation and implanting of the borrowed collocation karmannye den’gi (pocket-money) in the Russian language of 18 – beginnig of 20th century.