scholarly journals Kerajaan Loloda: Melacak Jejak Arkeologi dan Sejarah

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wuri Handoko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
History Of

A few historical source mention the Kingdom of Loloda as one of the great kingdoms of North Maluku, contemporaneous with the four Islamic kingdoms that developed into sultanates, namely Ternate, Tidore, Bacan and Jailolo. However, compared to these powers, the development of Islamic rule in Loloda is not well known through historical sources, and the kingdom is even said to have collapsed in the early 20th century. In this article I discuss the results of research to trace archaeological evidence about the history of the Kingdom of Loloda. Starting with literary sources, I then describe the results of archaeological surveys in the area mentioned in historical text and public information. Archaeological surveys indicate that the center of the Loloda kingdom was located in the Loloda watershed in Loloda Sub-district, Halmahera Barat District. Archaeological research results suggest the Kingdom of Loloda grew from the 15th century and experienced collapse at the time of European colonialism.Kerajaan Loloda dalam teks sumber sejarah yang terbatas, disebut-sebut sebagai salah satu kerajaan besar di Maluku Utara, sezaman dengan empat aliansi kerajaan Islam yang berkembang menjadi kesultanan yakni, Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, dan Jailolo. Namun dibanding keempat kekuasaan Islam itu, Loloda tidak diketahui perkembangannya, bahkan disebut runtuh pada awal abad 20 dan hilang dalam catatan sejarah perkembangan kekuasaan Islam. Penulisan ini berdasar pada hasil penelitian untuk melacak bukti-bukti arkeologi tentang sejarah Kerajaan Loloda. Dimulai dari pengumpulan sumber literatur, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan survei arkeologi di wilayah yang disebut dalam teks sejarah dan informasi masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil survei arkeologi, diketahui adanya lokasi yang menjadi indikasi pusat kerajaan Loloda di DAS (daerah aliran sungai) Loloda di Kecamatan Loloda Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Hasil penelitian arkeologi menggambarkan bahwa Kerajaan Loloda  berkembang pada abad 16 dan mengalami keruntuhan sesudahnya ketika kolonialisme bangsa Eropa berkembang di wilayah itu.

scholarly journals Jusuf Mehonjić in songs of Sanjak Bosniaks

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Naka K. Nikšić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Significant Figure ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epic Poems

The difficult position of Bosniaks Sandžak at the beginning of the 20th century has caused the uprising of individuals from the authorities and their association with comites (rebels). According to historical sources, the most famous Sandzak rebel was Jusuf Mehonjić, a native of Šahović (village Grančarevo), which Zaimović, in one of his work, called the Bosniak's Wilhelm Tell. He is mentioned in numerous epic poems called the so-called rebel opus that we find in the collections of oral literature of Bosniaks Sandžak, and from them the knowledge of his intellectual and physical potential, as well as the character of the protector of the disadvantaged and endangered Bosniaks. However, when it comes to ethnomusicological collections, we find that there is not a single song about this historical personality in them. The aim of this work is to preserve the musical tradition of Sandzak Bosniaks by finding and ethnomusicologic recording of lyrical poems about Jusuf Mehonjic, as well as pointing to the possibility of their nurturing through the education system in teaching in the Bosnian language in Serbia. The work and the work of Jusuf Mehonjić were examined in the paper by theoretical analysis of historical and literary sources. At the same time, the Finnish method recorded the only lyrical song about him, which we found by exploring the live musical tradition of the Sandzak Bosniaks. This is the song of Moj sokole pogledaj niz polje. This work should contribute to preserving the musical tradition of the Sandzak Bosniaks and getting to know Jusuf Mehonjic - a significant figure in the history of Sandzak.

Cultivating trust, producing knowledge: The management of archaeological labour and the making of a discipline

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512110158
Author(s):  
Allison Mickel ◽  
Nylah Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Trust ◽  
History Of

Like any science, archaeology relies on trust between actors involved in the production of knowledge. In the early history of archaeology, this epistemic trust was complicated by histories of Orientalism in the Middle East and colonialism more broadly. The racial and power dynamics underpinning 19th- and early 20th-century archaeology precluded the possibility of interpersonal moral trust between foreign archaeologists and locally hired labourers. In light of this, archaeologists created systems of reward, punishment, and surveillance to ensure the honest behaviour of site workers. They thus invented a set of structural conditions that produced sufficient epistemic trust for archaeological research to proceed—a system that continues to shape archaeology to the present day.

scholarly journals Libraries of the Komi Region as an Element of Civil Society Formation in Ethnical Regions of Imperial Russia. The Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
National Education ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Libraries

The article considers the activities of libraries in the Komi region as an element of the civil society formation in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Published and unpublished historical sources are used to reconstruct the libraries’ activities. They are well known to experts, and yet some issues have never come to the researchers’ notice. The author proposes to include materials on the history of librarianship in the Komi region in the context of studying issues of everyday life and civil society formation in the region. In the studied period there were libraries of various types in the region: public, clerical, monastic, and those of educational institutions. The latter were replenished at the expense of the Ministry of National Education or by donation. Clerical and monastic libraries were sponsored by the Vologda Spiritual Consistory, Synod, and Ministry of National Education. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century the libraries of the Komi region catered cultural needs of the population, organizations and unions and promoted civil society formation.

scholarly journals TO THE ORIGINS OF MUSEUM SCIENCE IN ALTAI CITY OF BIYSK (LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Golev ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda M. Dmitrienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Sociocultural Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

This article is devoted to the unexplored issue of the birth of museum science in the small pro-vincial town of Biysk in southern Siberia. Reliance on historical sources, many of which are intro-duced into scientific circulation for the first time, allows the authors to carry out a historical recon-struction of the sociocultural development of Biysk in the second half of 19th – early 20th century. The article reports on the increasing role of the city bourgeoisie and intellectuals in the life of Biysk, shows the charity of merchants Kotelnikov, Vasenev, Assanov, Sychev, Morozov. The authors emphasize donations of Biysk townspeople to the museums of Imperial Tomsk University. They reveal the role of G.N. Potanin who involved some residents of Biysk in studying of the southern part of Altai and Mon-golia, in collecting and descripting of natural and historical memorials. All these events are considered as the most important prerequisites for the origin of the museum science in Biysk. Then the article shows that the first idea of establishing Biysk museum was expressed in 1886. However, it was not possible to implement it. New attempts to open the museum were made in 1911. There were the funds of the merchant Kopylov, who wanted to use them for the sake of culture and education. They also failed. Only the events of the Revolution of 1917 allowed starting works on the creation of the museum. Now it is known about People's University opened in Biysk in 1918 and the museum, which was created under it. The purpose of the museum was educating of townspeople. The first head of Biysk museum was A.A. Khrebtov, a graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute. He managed to attract knowledgeable people, who conducted expeditions and delivered collections of minerals, archaeology and ethnography to the museum. From the first days of opening rural teachers, employees of the county land (zemstvo) and others visited the museum. The museum became a center of educa-tional work in Biysk and its county. The Society of Nature Lovers was based on People's University and its museum. Members of this society turned to the study of the nature and history of Biysk district. The representative of the department of out-of-school education V.V. Belyanin planned to create a network of museums of the Biysk district. The authors point out that in the future he became a well-known Soviet writer V.V. Bianchi. The article shows that the museum funds, created in 1918–1919, were used as the basis of Biysk Soviet People's Museum. It was opened in April 1920 by section on organization of museums in Biysk district, established in the department of public education of Biysk district revolutionary committee. The authors of the article express their opinion that the preparatory period, which lasted 44 years, had finished with great success. Scientific and cultural center was created in the southern part of Altai, and it still works today as the Biysk Regional Museum named after V.V. Bianchi.

scholarly journals Social history of Capoeira through images. The Raul Pederneiras’ "silhouettes"

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Coelho Araújo ◽  
Ana Rosa Jaqueira
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
History Of

The study of Capoeira through the interpretation of images is characterized by being practically non-existent, and contains superficial and scarcely informed interpretations of its presence in Brazil. This study is based on the historical method and also is supported by the principles of the Historical Archaeology (Orser Jr., 1992) and those developed by Panofsky (1986) on the interpretation of images. For this study, we selected an <em>iconography</em>- "Silhouette" - by Pederneiras (1926). From this artist’s work and the accompanying text it is highlighted the apology of Brazilian's fight and its supremacy over other self-defense expressions known at the time in Brazil, the recognition of the potential of Capoeira as a physical exercise, and Pederneira’s comments on some contextual facts, highlighting the interference of its practitioners in Brazilian politics and their role as bodyguards recruited by politicians. He also referred its most famous practitioners, the gangs of Capoeira and their typical language and costumes in the Carioca society of the late 19th and early 20th century. This information, and specially the strokes depicted in the image, allows us to reconstruct the history of Capoeira movements, given the scarcity of historical sources in this field. Through this silhouette, Pederneiras sought to raise awareness among government authorities to adopt the Brazilian fight as a national identity element and recognize it as the National Gymnastics.<p> </p>

scholarly journals Program Documents as a Source on the History of the Anarchist Movement in Ukraine in the Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Zelentsova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Press

The article considers programs and program documents as a historical source on the history of the anarchist movement in Ukraine in the early 20th century. Without a doubt, the historical conditions prevailing in Ukraine and Russia in 1903–1914 influenced the formation and nature of sources. In particular, the absence of a central body and the denial of the movement as a whole affected the core of the source base, marked by a relatively small number of party-organizational documents with particular characteristics. The all-Russian character of anarchist activity also had an impact on the nature of sources. They were distributed in Ukraine, but their contents did not contain any references to specific activities in its territory.The article provides a classification of sources, which are divided into such groups: programs and statutes, congress resolutions, party press, activists’ memoirs and observations, private correspondence. The article describes the programs and program statements of anarchists. The specifics of the program-organizational sources of anarchists are also determined. They are characterized according to the views of anarchists on the organization itself and the party leadership. Not recognizing any organization, considering any leadership a sort of violence against an individual, anarchists advocated full autonomy and independence of groups, interaction on a federal basis.The article characterizes the programs and program statements of anarchists as a historical source. The historical value of documents is determined; their specificity is defined. The research of documents establishes ideological principles, tactics of struggle, ideas about the role of some social groups in the revolution. The studied documents allow establishing the territory of anarchist activity in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century.

Public Libraries of the Vladimir and Kostroma Provinces' District Towns in the Second Half of the 19th — early 20th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Native Population ◽  
History Of

On the history of the first public libraries in the province towns of Vladimirskaya and Kostromskaya provinces in the second half of the 17th century - early 20th century. The author considers main statistical data of libraries and analyses necessity and influence of these libraries and reading rooms on the native population.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech’: New Essays on the History of Archeology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
Controversial Nature

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.

Private letters of Siberian exiles about the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: 1908–1912

2018 ◽  
pp. 508-521
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Baksht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Police Department ◽  
General System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
State Management ◽  
Management Institutions

The article studies the Turukhansk region as a territory with distinct climatic conditions and, consequently, with distinctive state management institutions and does so in the context of modernization processes of late 19th – early 20th century. This part of the Yenisei gubernia having become a region of mass exile after the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, its integration into a general system of management slowed down. Private letters of exiles are an important historical source, they reveal many aspects of the daily life of the persons under supervising in the inter-revolutionary period. The ‘Turukhansk revolt’ in the winter of 1908/09 revealed not only the ineffectiveness of exile as a penal measure, but also severel major problems of the region: archaic and scanty management institutions, lack of transport communication with southern uezds of the gubernia, underpopulation, and also gubernia and metropolitan officials’ ignorance of local affairs. The agencies of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expanded the practice of perlustration as involvement in the revolutionary movement grew. Siberian exiles had their correspondence routinely inspected, and yet in most cases they were inexperienced enough not to encrypt their messages. Surviving perlustration materials offer an ambivalent picture of the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: there were both approval and condemnation of the participants’ actions. The documents tell a tale of extreme cruelty of the punitive detachments even towards those who were not involved in the resistance. The subject of the Siberian exile of the early 20th century has research potential. There is virtually no scholarship on the exiles’ self-reflection concerning the ‘common violence’ of both anti-governmental groups and state punitive agencies. Diversification in political/party or social/class affiliation is not enough. The new materials have revealed a significant gap between several ‘streams’ of exiles: those banished to Siberia in midst of the First Russian Revolution differed from those exiled in 1910s. The article concludes that, having departed from the previous approach to studying the exile, ego-sources cease to be of lesser importance than other types of historical sources. Their subjectivity becomes an advantage for a high-quality text analysis.

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