scholarly journals EXCAVATION REPORT FOR LEANG RAKKOE: A NEW TOALEAN SITE WITH ENGRAVED ART IN THE BOMBORO VALLEY, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Yinika Lotus Perston ◽  
Iwan Sumantri ◽  
Budianto Hakim ◽  
Adhi Agus Oktaviana ◽  
Adam Brumm
Keyword(s):  
Karst Region ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Site ◽  
Stone Artefact ◽  
Cave Art

Kumpulan pra-Neolitik di Sulawesi Selatan didominasi oleh endapan dari periode Toala, namun demikian sifat dan luas teknokultur Toala masih mengandung teka-teki. Hingga saat ini, kronologi dari teknologi Toala masih belum jelas dan belum ada karya seni yang bisa dikaitkan dengan periode ini, meskipun terdapat seni gua dengan gambar cadas di wilayah Karst Kabupaten Maros dan Pangkep. Ekskavasi dilakukan di ceruk Leang Rakkoe, di Lembah Bomboro Maros, dengan tujuan untuk membantu mengklarifikasi masalah ini. Sementara itu, endapan tersebut terbukti tidak stabil dan tidak bisa dilakukan penanggalan, penggalian ini memberikan wawasan baru tentang teknik pembuatan artefak batu Toala pada situs dengan contoh-contoh seni pahat yang sebelumnya tidak didokumentasikan. South Sulawesi's pre-Neolithic assemblages are dominated by Toalean-period cultural deposits, however the nature and extent of the Toalean technoculture continues to be enigmatic. To date, the chronology of Toalean technology remains unclear, and no art has yet been attributed to this period despite the rich cave art of the karst region of the Maros and Pangkep regencies. An excavation was conducted at Leang Rakkoe rockshelter, in the Bomboro Valley of Maros, in the hope that it could help clarify these issues. While the deposits proved unstable and could not be directly dated, the excavation did provide new insights into Toalean stone artefact manufacture techniques at a site containing previously-undocumented examples of engraved art.

scholarly journals Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabd4648
Author(s):  
Adam Brumm ◽  
Adhi Agus Oktaviana ◽  
Basran Burhan ◽  
Budianto Hakim ◽  
Rustan Lebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Figurative Painting ◽  
Uranium Series Dating ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Cave Art

Indonesia harbors some of the oldest known surviving cave art. Previously, the earliest dated rock art from this region was a figurative painting of a Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis). This image from Leang Bulu’ Sipong 4 in the limestone karsts of Maros-Pangkep, South Sulawesi, was created at least 43,900 years ago (43.9 ka) based on Uranium-series dating. Here, we report the Uranium-series dating of two figurative cave paintings of Sulawesi warty pigs recently discovered in the same karst area. The oldest, with a minimum age of 45.5 ka, is from Leang Tedongnge. The second image, from Leang Balangajia 1, dates to at least 32 ka. To our knowledge, the animal painting from Leang Tedongnge is the earliest known representational work of art in the world. There is no reason to suppose, however, that this early rock art is a unique example in Island Southeast Asia or the wider region.

The rich physics of A-site-ordered quadruple perovskite manganites AMn7O12

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei A. Belik ◽  
Roger D Johnson ◽  
Dmitry Khalyavin
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Structure ◽  
Double Exchange ◽  
Perovskite Manganites ◽  
Phonon Coupling ◽  
Electron Phonon Coupling ◽  
Jahn Teller ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Site ◽  
Small Polarons

Perovskite-structure AMnO3 manganites played an important role in the development of numerous physical concepts such as double exchange, small polarons, electron-phonon coupling, and Jahn−Teller effects, and they host a variety...

scholarly journals Archiving Fragments of Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alice Charles
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
True Story ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Critical Method ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Site ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation ◽  
Over Time

<p><b>Beneath the urban concrete of Wellington city lies a plethora of lost stories and voices, sometimes only accessible as fragments, which should contribute to the rich polyvocal narratives of a site. Recognition of these stories, even as fragments, enables local inhabitants and a wider audience to begin to understand the significance of place.</b></p> <p>Heritage stories transform from one time period to the next, creating overlapping layers of a site’s identity evolving over time. Each layer, while potentially representing its own unique story, contributes to the meta-narrative of a place. This design-led research investigation looks at the problem that arises when important stories of a place are lost when a site has transformed over time. The true story of a site is represented by the hidden layers from previous time periods, which have often fragmented or faded over time. This thesis proposes that lost layers, fragmented stories and faded voices can be reawakened through speculative architectural representation.</p> <p>Fragments of stories can be used to stimulate the imagination. The allegorical interpretation of fragments can be used to generate dreamscapes. Within a dreamscape, the multiple voices of multiple fragments can be heard together, even when they represent stories from different times. When dreamscapes are captured as allegorical drawing fragments, these multiple voices can be heard and retained even when they have partially faded away.</p> <p>This thesis explores how an allegorical architectural project, framed within techniques found in allegorical narrative fiction, can be successfully used as a critical method to help reawaken and unveil lost voices of place and generate speculative architectural outcomes that allow these voices to be heard. This design-led research proposes to reawaken lost voices of place through mapping the field of imagination, collage and the creation of dreamscapes, and allegorical drawing fragments.</p> <p>Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities and Alan Lightman’s Einstein’s Dreams are examples of literary approaches to the allegorical interpretation of fragments. They are used in this investigation as literary provocateurs—allegorical generators to engage the imagination to reawaken lost voices as fragments and allow them to be heard in a collection—an archive of fragments. These two novels are effectively re-presenting place and time as dreamscapes. By enabling a series of fragmented stories to be heard as one, a richly polyvocal narrative is established that allows the reader to understand the significance of a place.</p> <p>Two neighbouring urban sites along the edge of Wellington Harbour have been selected for this investigation: the Taranaki Wharf Cut-out and the Kumutoto Stream Outlet. Both have unique tales to tell. The Kumutoto Stream Outlet is the site of the first culverted stream in Wellington. This entire stream has been silenced and has disappeared forever, yet it survives deep underground; this narrow outlet along the Wellington Harbour edge is the last vestigial remnant of its tale. The Taranaki Wharf Cut-out exposes the lost shoreline of Wellington before urban expansion. This shoreline has been silenced and has disappeared forever, and the cut-out provides the last visual connection to the lost landscape below. Fragments of the urban concrete have been removed from both these sites to reveal the lost remnants of the sites tales they once concealed. These sites are engaged as allegorical portals that invite a viewer below the surface of Wellington’s urban concrete to explore the lost layers of fragmented stories that lay hidden beneath. These sites are presented as ‘characters’ that narrate ‘stories’ of Wellington waterfront’s surrounding context and the transformation of the landscape over time.</p> <p>The original heritage conditions of a place often cannot be physically returned to their sites without disrupting the contemporary urban context. In this investigation, sites are not engaged as grounds for architectural intervention. Instead, they are provocateurs for how an allegorical architectural project can dig below the urban concrete and reawaken and unveil lost voices of a place. These voices are presented as a speculative archive of fragmented artefacts that invite viewers to witness, through these allegorical artefacts, an urban environment’s rich litany of heritage stories that may have been permanently lost or displaced. These artefacts take the form of maps, collages and drawings, and they are designed to read both as individual artefacts and together as a collection within an archive, this bound codex of work—an Archive of Fragments of Time.</p> <p>This thesis asks:How can an allegorical architectural project be successfully used as a critical method to reawaken and unveil lost voices of a place, and generate speculative architectural outcomes that allow these voices to be heard?</p>

scholarly journals Konsep One River One Plan Dalam Penataan Kawasan DAS Binanga Lumbua Kabupaten Jeneponto

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Despry Nur Annisa Ahmad ◽  
Andi Idham Asman ◽  
Isma Pudji Rahayu Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
A Site ◽  
Planning Concept

Kritisnya DAS Binanga Lumbua berkontribusi pada penurunan pendapatan perkapita Kabupaten Jeneponto. Ini juga menjadi salah satu alasan mengapa Kabupaten Jeneponto menjadi satu-satunya wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang termasuk dalam kategori daerah tertinggal.Jika melihat kondisi fisik wilayah ini yang mempunyai topografi variatif dan tanah yang subur,semestinya wilayah ini memiliki nilai ekonomi yang potensial untuk pengembanganhutan,tanaman perkebunan,maupun pertanian tanaman pangan. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya adalah identifikasi kekeringan dengan menggunakan pendekatan hidrologis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Kemudian, memberikan arahan pemanfaatan ruang yang berbasis pada upaya pencegahan bencana kekeringan. Sehingga dalam penelitian lanjutan ini, tujuan yang akan dicapai adalah merancang konsep one river one plan dalam penataan DAS Binanga Lumbua secara komperehensif untuk mewujudkan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah berupa analisis spasial dan deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ini berupa pemetaan konsep penataan DAS yang berbentuk site plan. The criticality of the Binanga Lumbua watershed is that it contributes to the decline in the income per capita of Jeneponto Regency. This is also one of the reasons why Jeneponto Regency is the only area in South Sulawesi Province that is included in the category of underdeveloped areas. Looking at the physical condition of this area which has a varied topography and fertile soil, this area should have potential economic value for the development of forestry, plantation crops, and food crop agriculture. The results of previous research were the identification of drought using a hydrological approach both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then, provide directions for spatial use based on drought prevention efforts. So that in this follow-up research, the goal to be achieved is to design a 'one river one plan concept' in the comprehensive arrangement of the Binanga Lumbua watershed to realize sustainable development. The analysis used is in the form of qualitative descriptive and spatial analysis. The result of this research is a mapping of the watershed planning concept in the form of a site plan

The new Basrah Museum: dedicated to the archaeological and historical inheritance of Basrah and Iraq

Antiquity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (369) ◽  
pp. 811-813
Author(s):  
Adil Hashim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City

Located in the Fertile Crescent and at the head of the Persian/Arabian Gulf, the city of Basra is steeped in history. Close to the heart of ancient Mesopotamia, the territory of modern Iraq was occupied variously by Achaemenids and Seleucids, Parthians, Romans and Sassanids, before the arrival of Islam in the early middle ages. In more recent history, the city's strategic position near the Gulf coast has made Basra a site of contestation and conflict. This exposure to so many different cultures and civilisations has contributed to the rich identity of Basra, a wealth of history that demands a cultural museum able to present all of the historical periods together in one place. The original Basra Museum was looted and destroyed in 1991, during the first Gulf War. The destruction and loss of so much of Iraq's history and material culture prompted official collaboration to build a new museum that would represent the city of Basrah and showcase its significance in the history of Iraq. The culmination of an eight-year collaborative project between the Iraq Ministry of Culture, the State Board of Antiquities and the Friends of Basrah Museum, the new museum was opened initially in September 2016. Already established as a cultural landmark in the city, with up to 200 visitors a day and rising, the museum was officially opened on 20 March 2019. The author was fortunate to be present for this event and able to explore the new galleries (Figure 1).

scholarly journals Pola Permukiman Tradisional Kajang

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Erni Erawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site

One of traditional settlements in Indonesia is located in the residential area of Kajang, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi Province. Settlement community in Kajang is classified into two levels, the first is meso level consisted on spatial villaes, homes, and forest, and the second is macro level consisted on the spatial region consisting of kamase-masea region, and the region kuassayya. From the shape and function of artefacts and sites in Kajang area, it can be mentioned that the Kajang district has the Megalithic sites and Islamic sites which are still functioned until recently. The aim of this research is determining the  pattern of settlement in the area of the Kajang based on the location of the sites. The source of data consist of two namely secondary data which is obtained from literary research, and primary data obtained  through field research by observation and survey. The pattern of settlement in the Kajang area shows two characteristics; firstly,  Settlement patterns and placement of home in group, leading to the altitude, facing to the west; the sacred building that is located at high altitude and surrounded by indigenous forest areas and settlers' houses. Secondly, settlement patterns extend lengthwise in a row on both sides of a pathway up to the foothills, and on riverbanks. Those houses are characterised by the location of owner's social stratification. There is no specific orientation of houses to the wind directions. Sacred building is placed in higher space surrounded by residents' houses. Ammatoa as the spiritual leader, and a site that functions to inaugurate Karaeng as leaders of the governance. Salah satu permukiman tradisional di Indonesia adalah permukiman di kawasan Kajang, Kabupaten Bulukumba, Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Permukiman masyarakat di kawasan Kajang terdiri atas dua tingkat, yaitu bersifat meso yang menyangkut tata ruang desa, rumah tinggal, dan hutan adat, dan bersifat makro menyangkut tata ruang kawasan yang terdiri atas kawasan kamase-masea dan kawasan kuassayyya. Dari bentuk dan fungsi situs-situs di kawasan Kajang, dapat dikatakan bahwa kawasan Kajang memiliki situs Megalitik dan situs Islam yang masih dipergunakan sampai sekarang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola permukiman di Kawasan Kajang berdasarkan letak situs-situs. Sumber data penelitian ada dua, yaitu data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui penelitian pustaka, dan data primer diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan dengan cara observasi dan survei permukaan.Pola permukiman di kawasan Kajang menampilkan dua ciri, yaitu: 1). Pola permukiman dan penempatan rumah secara berkelompok mengarah pada ketinggian, arah hadap rumah ke arah barat, bangunan sakral berada di tempat ketinggian dan dikelilingi oleh kawasan hutan adat dan bangunan rumah penduduk, 2). Pola permukiman berbentuk memanjang dan berderet disebelah menyebelah jalan, kaki bukit, dan pinggir sungai dan pantai dengan ciri yang menunjukkan pelapisan sosial. Terdapat dua fungsi situs di kawasan Kajang, yaitu: situs yang berfungsi sebagai tempat pelantikan Ammatoa sebagai pemimpin di bidang spiritual, dan tempat pelantikan Karaeng yang dianggap pemimpin di bidang pemerintahan.

scholarly journals Implementasi Keuangan Publik Islam (Studi Pada Kriterium Kaya Dalam Zakat Terhadap Perda Zakat Di Sulawesi Selatan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Mustafa Darwis ◽  
Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Analysis Determination

This study is a study of the criteria that are rich in the zakat profession in Regional Regulations in South Sulawesi. Rich Criterium is a benchmark used by syara 'in establishing zalcat mali's obligation to muzakki. As is the case with professional charities as one part of zakat. The subject is how the criteria are rich in the Zakat Profession, with the sub-subject determining the criteria for rich wealth and wealth of rich zakat as syar'i considerations in the zakat profession in South Sulawesi. This problem is analyzed using the normative theological approach and normative juridical approach, by processing qualitative data, and analyzing data in the form of content analysis. Determination of the criteria for rich in wealth charity (māl) is a syara decision, only in jurisprudential terms known as 'compulsory zakat requirements', which basically requires zakat only for the rich. There are three indicators that function as criteria for wealth, namely profit from needs and free of debt, productive property, and niṣāb. Therefore, the criteria for richness must be one of the syar'i's considerations in determining the profession of zakat which is regulated in the zakat regulation in South Sulawesi. The rich criteria referred to are the ni adalahāb gold union of 20 miṡqāl and removed from net income (net), so that the actual zakat issued is an excess of basic needs

scholarly journals Patroni ulic i placów w miasteczku akademickim Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Kortowie

1970 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Joanna Maria Garbula Joanna Maria Garbula
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dairy Science ◽  
The Rich ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University ◽  
Rich History

This article revolves around the memory of a site, i.e. the past captured in sources, reported memories of witnesses of events and symbols. The examples of such places of memory examined here are the streets and squares on the UWM Kortowo campus. They consist of references to the past which has significance for contemporary times. The article consists of an introduction and two chapters. The introduction presents the rich history of Kortowo, spanning several centuries from the Old Prussian settlements to the establishment of the University of Warmia and Masuria in Olsztyn. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the history of the streets and squares on the Kortowo campus from the time when, to make the academic community’s life easier, the university authorities gave names to the streets on the campus, following the specific faculties’ suggestions. The streets were named after M. Oczapowski (an agronomist, theorist of agriculture, pioneer of agricultural experimentation), R. Prawocheński (an expert in animal husbandry), J. Licznerski (a pioneer of modern dairy science), K. Obitz (Doctor of veterinary medicine, a journalist, a social activist in Masuria), J. Hevelius (an astronomer from Gdansk), B. Dybowski (a biologist and traveller), C. Kanafojski (Professor of automation in agriculture). Chapter 2 presents short biographies of three of the seven street patrons: B. Dybowski, K. Obitz and R. Prawocheński, who are the most characteristic and multi-dimensional figures. The names of the streets reflect the memory of the scientific, social and personal achievements of these individuals, at the same time justifying their selection as patrons.

Loving Stones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
North Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sacred Mountain ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Textual Research ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Loving Stones: Making the Impossible Possible in the Worship of Mount Govardhan is based on ethnographic and textual research with two major objectives. First, it is a study of the conceptions of and worshipful interactions with Mount Govardhan, a sacred mountain located in the Braj region of north-central India that has for centuries been considered an embodied form of Krishna. In this capacity it provides detailed information about the rich religious world associated with Mount Govardhan, much of which has not been available in previous scholarly literature. It is often said in that Mount Govardhan “makes the impossible possible” for devoted worshipers. This investigation includes an examination of the perplexing paradox of an infinite god embodied in finite form, wherein each particular form is non-different from the unlimited. Second, it aims to address the challenge of interpreting something as radically different as the worship of a mountain and its stones for a culture in which this practice is quite alien. This challenge involves exploration of interpretive strategies that aspire to make the incomprehensible understandable, and engages in theoretical considerations of incongruity, inconceivability, and like realms of the impossible. This aspect of the book includes critical consideration of the place and history of the pejorative concept of idolatry (and secondarily, its twin, anthropomorphism) in the comparative study of religions. Accordingly, the second aim aspires to use the worship of Mount Govardhan as a site to explore ways in which scholars engaged in the difficult work of representing other cultures struggle to “make the impossible possible.”

Reinventing Liberty

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Price
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
William Godwin ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Horace Walpole ◽  
National Myth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Site

Walter Scott is often regarded as the first historical novelist. Reinventing Liberty challenges this view by returning us to the rich range of historical novels written in the late eighteenth-century. It explores how these works participated in a contentious debate concerning the formulation of political change and British national identity and its response to political change. Ranging across well-known writers, like William Godwin, Horace Walpole and Frances Burney, to lesser-known figures, such as Cornelia Ellis Knight and Jane Porter, Reinventing Liberty reveals how history becomes a site to rethink Britain as ‘land of liberty’. Drawing on the new ways of writing history in this period, upon stadial history, antiquarianism, and debates concerning historical evidence, Reinventing Liberty analyses the anxieties caused by the rise of commerce and the demands for political change. It explores how historical novelists from Horace Walpole to Ann Radcliffe interrogated the idea of an ancient constitution. It examines the radical energies of the historical novel in post-French Revolution debate and the genre’s position as forerunner to the national tale. It then demonstrates how such ideas recuperated by more conservative historical novelists, who redirected historical concern from issues of individual liberty to matters of nation and empire and who emphasized a Christian version of chivalry. Finally, it positions Scott in relation to this complex tradition. The result is a new definition of the historical novel and of its role in the construction of the national myth of Britain as nation of gradual political change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document