scholarly journals NATO Aggression Against Yugoslavia: International-Legal, Military Strategic and Geopolitical Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Ponomareva ◽  
A. V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Consequences

On March 24, 1999, on the pretext of protecting human rights NATO began its aggression against a sovereign European state – the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Historically, it was the first military strike against a sovereign state in response not to external aggression, but to internal conflict. The escalation of the Kosovo conflict to the scale of a «humanitarian intervention» raised a sharp question about not only the contours and principles of the 21st century world system, but also about the limits of the functionality of supranational (first and foremost force) structures. The NATO aggression had both short-term and long-term consequences. The article analyzes three groups of consequences: international-legal, military strategic and geopolitical. In the analysis of international-legal consequences, we investigated the process of legitimation of «humanitarian intervention» and «responsibility to protect». In the analysis of military strategic consequences, the emphasis is given to the processes and procedures of the transformation of the Serbian army into a dysfunctional system and the creation of conditions for accession of the Republic to NATO. Since Serbia is the central element of the Balkan policy of Western countries and organizations, the question is extremely important. Geopolitical consequences of the aggression we analyzed through the prism of political technologies of political coups tested in Serbia in October 2000 and used later in different regions of the world. The study is preceded by a short historiographical review of the latest literature on the topic. The conducted multilevel analysis of the consequences of the NATO aggression in 1999 gives an opportunity to formulate fundamentally new conceptual foreign policy approaches of modern Russia foreign policy.

Challenges for Humanitarian Intervention

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Member States ◽  
Ulterior Motives

An enduring concern about armed humanitarian intervention, and the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ doctrine that advocates its use under certain circumstances, is that such interventions are liable to be employed as a foreign policy instrument by powerful states pursuing geopolitical interests. This collection of essays critically investigates the causes and consequences, as well as the uses and abuses, of armed humanitarian intervention. Some of the chapters interrogate how the presence of ulterior motives impact on the moral credentials of armed humanitarian intervention. Others shine a light on the potential adverse effects of such interventions, even where they are motivated primarily by humanitarian concern. While some of these unwanted consequences will be familiar to readers, others have been largely neglected in the scholarship. The volume also tracks the evolution of the R2P norm, and draws attention to how it has evolved, for better or for worse, since UN member states unanimously accepted it over a decade ago. In some respects, the norm has been distorted to yield prescriptions, and to impose constraint, fundamentally at odds with the spirit of the R2P idea. This gives us all the more reason to be cautious of unwarranted optimism about humanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to Protect.

Italy's politics without policy: Balancing Atlanticism and Europeanism in the Middle East

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella A. Del Sarto ◽  
Nathalie Tocci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
The Eu

Focusing on Italy's Middle East policies under the second Berlusconi (2001–2006) and the second Prodi (2006–2008) governments, this article assesses the manner and extent to which the observed foreign policy shifts between the two governments can be explained in terms of the rebalancing between a ‘Europeanist’ and a transatlantic orientation. Arguing that Rome's policy towards the Middle East hinges less on Italy's specific interests and objectives in the region and more on whether the preference of the government in power is to foster closer ties to the United States or concentrate on the European Union, the analysis highlights how these swings of the pendulum along the EU–US axis are inextricably linked to a number of underlying structural weaknesses of Rome's foreign policy. In particular, the oscillations can be explained by the prevalence of short-term political (and domestic) considerations and the absence of long-term, substantive political strategies, or, in short, by the phenomenon of ‘politics without policy’ that often characterises Italy's foreign policy.

Peacekeeping and the Responsibility to Protect

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 134-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Hassler
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
International Community ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces

This article examines the debate surrounding the responsibility to protect [R2P] with particular reference to the use of peacekeeping forces in that regard. Post-Cold War, human protection had expanded into a matter of international concern. Yet, where formerly humanitarian intervention was the mot du jour, a change in conceptual vocabulary led to the introduction of R2P and to a redefinition of sovereignty. Accordingly, the primary responsibility to protect its citizens rests with the sovereign state but, owing to international solidarity, the residual responsibility rests with the international community. Contextually, R2P is embedded in a continuum of responsibilities: prevent, react and rebuild. Proponents of the concept already see a norm in development. Still, divisions and confusion remain concerning the concept’s legal basis, its scope and its parameters. This is particularly relevant in view of peacekeeping forces, which have been increasingly deployed for humanitarian purposes. Because of ill-defined mandates and an overextension of resources, however, traditional peacekeeping is no longer suitable, lacking the resources, the personnel and the necessary expertise. To be able to fulfil the goals of R2P, peacekeeping will have to be redefined and the forces equipped with more robust mandates or fail.

scholarly journals A survey of short-term and long-term stability of tube parameters in a mammography unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Jovica Praskalo ◽  
Jasna Davidovic ◽  
Biljana Kocic ◽  
Monika Zivkovic ◽  
Svetlana Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Mammography Screening Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Given

In order to set up a successful mammography screening program in the Republic of Srpska, a Siemens Mammomat 1000 X-ray machine was selected for analysis as the said mammography system is widely used in clinical practice. The variations in tube parameters (specific air kerma, high-voltage accuracy and reproducibility, linearity between exposure and dose exposure time) were monitored over a five-year period, from 2008 to 2012. In addition, due to observed daily fluctuations for chosen parameters, a series of measurements were performed three times a day within a single-month period (mainly October 2012). The goal of such an experimental set up is to assess short-term and long-term stability of tube parameters in the given mammography unit and to make a comparison between them. The present paper shows how an early detection of significant parameter fluctuations can help eliminate irregularities and optimize the performance of mammography systems.

scholarly journals Key milestones of the negotiating process on the accession of Croatia to the EU in 2007 – 2008

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Serhii Horopakha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Eu

On 1st July 2013, the Republic of Croatia officially became the 28th member of the European Union. This event marked the fulfillment of a foreign policy goal, along with joining NATO in 2009, as a major step forward in the country’s long-term consolidation process. The article therefore analyzes the key events of the Croatia – EU relations in 2007-2008, which moved this Balkan country closer to implementing its Euro-integration course. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the pre-accession negotiations with the European Union, as well as to internal and foreign policy factors that had a direct impact on the Euro-integration dialogue between Croatia and the European Union. In this context, emphasis is placed on problem issues that slowed down the dynamics of the negotiation process to a certain extent, in particular the unilateral application by Croatia of the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone, and measures taken by the Croatian authorities to settle them. Significant achievements of Croatia in the negotiation process with the European Union are highlighted, in particular, progress of the country in meeting the European Union criteria as well as a date determination the of pre-accession negotiations completion as an important political sign of the European Union readiness to accept a new member in future.

Southern Africa: A Cataclysm Averted?

Worldview ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Ross K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
World Power ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Republic

In a time when idiocies such as the domino theory comprise a substantial part of American foreign policy one has to look hard for evidence that authentic national interest is anywhere being invoked as a rationale for external relations. That the Republic of South Africa seems to be a world power demonstrating innovation in diplomacy and putting shibboleths in their rightful place says something about the genera] bankruptcy of Western statecraft. While Ford and Kissinger flail about seeking justifications for American failures and misalliances, a moldy, outcast regime in Pretoria has embarked upon a path of diplomatic initiative which has effectively breached the wall of isolation that has surrounded it for two decades. The motives of the regime of John Vorster may be sinister and base, but there appears to be a far more sophisticated perception of long-term interests in Pretoria than in Washington.

Variations revealed by INFREP Radio Network in correspondence of six earthquakes with MW greater than 5.0 occurred in the Balkan Peninsula and Adriatic Sea on 26 and 27 November, 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Francesco Biagi ◽  
Alexandra Nina ◽  
Anita Ermini ◽  
Giovanni Nico
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education Science

<p>In this work we analyse variations in VLF/LF radio signal amplitudes recorded by the INFREP network in the period 16 November – 6 December, 2019 characterized by very intensive seismic activities in the Balkan peninsula, Crete, and Adriatic, Aegean and Black seas. Namely, 38 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occurred in this area during the noticed period; the most intensive of them occurred on 26 and 27 November: three events in Albania (M<sub>w</sub>= 6.4, 5.3, 5.1), one in Crete (M<sub>w</sub>= 6), one in Bosnia and Herzegovina (M<sub>w</sub>= 5.4) and two in Adriatic sea (M<sub>w</sub>= 5.4, 5.3). We study both long- and short- term variations that are already recorded in earlier studies. The long-term variations relate to changes in the amplitude intensities in periods of several days and their existence is shown in many previous studies. The recent analyses also indicate short-term variations in signal amplitude noises started about several tents of minutes before the earthquake (Nina et al. 2020). In this work, we analyse different areas using INFREP network, which allow us to study local changes in the atmosphere. In order to examine possible precursors we considered longer time started and ended 10 days before and after the most intensive of the considered earthquakes, respectively.</p><p>This research is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, under the projects 176002 and III44002.</p><p>References</p><p>Nina, A., S. Pulinets, P. F. Biagi, G. Nico, S. T. Mitrović, M. Radovanović and L. Č. Popović. Science of the Total Environment 710 (2020) 136406</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Executive Compensation in the Republic of Serbia and EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200
Author(s):  
Ivana Marinović Matović
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
The Republic

AbstractExecutive compensations have a strong motivation role in contemporary business organizations. Adequate models of compensation enable attracting and retaining the high-capacity managers. This way, business organization conquers and maintains the competitive position in the context of globalization. It is necessary to align the executive compensation with the business organization’s strategy, which requires careful process of planning, done by the highest levels of management and ownership. The main objective of the paper is to explore and compare the structure and the level of executive compensation in the Republic of Serbia and EU countries. The paper focuses on executive compensation components, primarily long-term and short-term incentives, as well as sallary and benefits. A comparative analysis of executive compensation models was performed to explain the differences in the observed countries.The study found large and disproportionate differences in the executive compensation levels, conditioned mostly by the economic development of the observed economies.

scholarly journals Financial Investment In The Republic Of Uzbekistan: Concept, Objectives, Accounting And Reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidjamol Mahmudov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
The Republic

The concept of economic essence of financial investments has been defined. Recommendations on improving accounting of long-term and short-term securities have been worked out. Necessity of improving securities accounting, their reflection in the financial reporting, organization of accounting reporting in the part of financial investments accounting has been highlighted. Analytical accounting on the accounts of long-term investments accounting (0600) is conducted on the types of long-term investments and objects, in which these investments are made. Correspondingly compilation of analytical accounting must provide possibility of receiving data about long-term investments in the objects located in theterritoryofUzbekistanand outside it. Financial placements are accepted for accounting as the sum of actual costs for an investor.

scholarly journals Циљеви и обим концентрације власништва у акционарским друштвима у Републици Српској // Objectives and scope of ownership concentration in listed companies in Republic of Srpska

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Душко Даничић ◽  
Данка Панић
Keyword(s):  
Gain Control ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Property Companies ◽  
The Republic

Резиме: Укрупњавање власништва и преузимање предузећа је обично повезано са мотивима какви су: максимизирање добити у дугом року, освајање нових тржишта, остваривање контроле ради управљања предузећем и његовог дугорочног развоја и сл. Као мотив за куповину већинског учешћа или концентрацију не мора бити пословање, већ нематеријална и материјална имовина друштва, име или друге вриједне ставке пословне или инвестиционе активе. Из презентованих података добијених током обављеног истраживања, закључује се да се Република Српска сврстава у групу земаља у којима је власништво над излистаним компанијама концентрисано. Мотиви који су претходили концентрацији капитала често су повезани са имовином друштва, док је пословање имало споредну улогу, што је у многим случајевима довело до гашења пословних активности преузетих друштава. Промјена укупног пословног амбијента најбољи је начин да се не само концентрација капитала, већ и остале инвестиције усмјеравају ка реалном сектору и пословним циљевима који укључују развојне пројекте и инвестирање за будућност. Тиме ће се умањити мотивисаност власника капитала да инвестирају у краткорочне пројекте са циљем куповине и брзе продаје привредног друштва, што се код нас своди на продају ставки активе. На овај начин ће се умањити и број ликвидација које су подстакнуте намјером да се имовина друштва прода и уновчи.Summary: Еnlargement of ownership and takeover is usually associated with motifs such as: maximizing profit in the long term, new markets, gain control of management of the company and its long-term development, etc. The motive for the purchase of the majority share or concentration is not necessarily doing business, but tangible and intangible assets of the company, it’s name, or other valuable items of business or investment assets. From the presented data obtained during the research that was done, it could be concluded that the Republic of Srpska ranks among the countries in which the ownership of listed companies is concentrated. Motives that preceded the capital concentration are often associated with property companies, while business had a supporting role, which in many cases has led to the closure of books, business activities undertaken societies. Change in the overall business environment is the best way to not only capital but also the concentration of other investments are directed towards the real sector and business objectives that include development projects and investments for the future. This will reduce the motivation of the owners of capital to invest in short-term projects in order to purchase and quick sale of the company, it comes down to us on the sale of assets items. In this way the number of liquidation, that were triggered with the intent to sell the assets of companies, could be reduced.

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