scholarly journals Validity of Barium Enema as Hirschsprung’s Disease Diagnostic Tools for Infant in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
I Made Darmajaya ◽  
I Ketut Subhawa
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Barium Enema ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aim: To determine the validity (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio) of barium enema as Hirschsprung's disease diagnostic tool in infants. Methods: This study was a diagnostic test of barium enema compared with postoperative histopathology examinations as the gold standard. The population were all patients with indigestion symptom be discovered at the pediatric surgical clinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The sampling method was consecutive sampling, satisfy inclusion criteria (< 12 months old, indicate classic symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease). The total sample of the study was 52 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were analysed using cross-tabulation test of barium enema and postoperative histopathology. Results: A total of 52 patients were evaluated during the study period, mean of age was 3.31 months old, and boys:girls (75%:25%). Based on symptoms, 98.08% of patients were delayed release of meconium more than 24-48 hours and abdominal distention. Among all the patients reviewed, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of barium enema for diagnostic of Hirschsprung’s disease was 95.5%, 87.5%, 97.7%, and 77.8%. Conclusion: Barium enema can be used as an early diagnostic tool for infants suspected of Hirschsprung’s disease.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF BARIUM ENEMA FINDINGS IN HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran PEYVASTEH ◽  
Shahnam ASKARPOUR ◽  
Nasrollah OSTADIAN ◽  
Mohammad-Reza MOGHIMI ◽  
Hazhir JAVAHERIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Barium Enema ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Dentate Line ◽  
Contrast Enema ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT Background: Hirschsprung's disease is the most common cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction. Contrast enema is used for evaluation of the patients with its diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of radiologic findings for diagnosis of Hirschsprung in patients underwent barium enema. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Imam Khomeini Hospital for one year starting from 2012, April. Sixty patients were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were: neonates with failure to pass meconium, abdominal distention, and refractory constipation who failed to respond with medical treatment. Transitional zone, delay in barium evacuation after 24 h, rectosigmoid index (maximum with of the rectum divided by maximum with of the sigmoid; abnormal if <1), and irregularity of mucosa (jejunization) were evaluated in barium enema. Biopsy was obtained at three locations apart above dentate line. PPV, NPV, specificity , and sensitivity was calculated for each finding. Results: Mean age of the cases with Hirschsprung's disease and without was 17.90±18.29 months and 17.8±18.34 months respectively (p=0.983). It was confirmed in 30 (M=20, F=10) of cases. Failure to pass meconium was found in 21(70%) cases. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 90%, 80%, 81.8% and 88.8% respectively for transitional zone in barium enema. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 76.7%, 83.3%, 78.1% and 82.1% respectively for rectosigmoid index .Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 46.7%, 100%, 100% and 65.2% respectively for irregular contraction detected in barium enema. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 23.3%, 100%, 100% and 56.6% respectively for mucosal irregularity in barium enema. Conclusion: The most sensitive finding was transitional zone. The most specific findings were irregular contraction, mucosal irregularity, and followed by cobblestone appearance.

scholarly journals Accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting gastrointestinal tract obstructions in children; a prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Parisa Hajalioghli ◽  
Saeid Aslanabadi ◽  
Mostafa Vafaei Aghdam ◽  
Daniel Fadaei Fouladi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aims: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and their combination in pediatric patients with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) tract obstruction.Material and methods: A cohort of 48 patients (age, 0-14 years, 27 boys) with clinical manifestations of GI tract obstruction underwent plain radiography and abdominal US examination. The final diagnoses were based on intraoperative findings, rectal biopsies (in Hirschsprung’s disease), or adequate follow-ups.Results: The GI tract obstruction was diagnosed in 40 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of plain radiography in diagnosing GI tract obstruction were 87.5%, 75.0%, 94.6%, and 54.6%, respectively. The corresponding values were 95%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively when US was used alone; and 97.5%, 100%, 100% and 88.9%, respectively when radiography and US were used together. Except for two patients (one with Hirschsprung’s disease and the other with massive peritonitis), US detected the underlying causes of obstruction correctly in all patients.Conclusions: US is a highly sensitive and specific modality in diagnosing pediatric GI tract obstructions, as well as their causes. The combination of plain radiography and US further increase the diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value.

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF GRAY SCALE ULTRASONOGRAPHY VERSUS COLOR DOPPLER IN SUSPECTED CASES OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Usman Shahid ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Shad ◽  
Shahzad Karim Bhatti ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Versus Color ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A common surgical emergency is acute appendicitis. Various diagnostic tools are available to diagnosis acute appendicitis. Radiological investigations play an important role in making accurate and early diagnosis and thus preventing morbidity associated with the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of gray scale ultrasonography versus color Doppler in suspected cases of acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried in the department of Radiology of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. A total of 75 patients were enrolled of age 18-40 years, both genders who were suspected cases of acute appendicitis. All patients underwent baseline investigations along with gray scale ultrasonography and color Doppler. All patients were subjected to surgery to confirm the diagnosis and findings were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 23.25 ±10.55 and mean transverse diameter of appendix was 8.37 ±3.39. There were 62.7% males and 37.3%females. Findings of gray scale ultrasonography and color Doppler were then correlated with surgical findings to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities. The results revealed that gray scale ultrasonography sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was 92.7%, 94.32%, 95%, 91.4% and 93.3% respectively, whereas color Doppler had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 97.7%, 93.9%, 95.3%, 97% and 96% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of both modalities together was 98.6%. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler has better diagnostic accuracy than gray scale ultrasonography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis and the combination of both modalities yields diagnostic accuracy that is similar to gold standard.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Palpable Breast Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196-1200
Author(s):  
Manish Raj Pathak ◽  
Mahesh Gautam ◽  
Rashmita Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Palpable Breast ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in females around the world. Ultrasound plays a key role in differentiating cystic and solid lesions and is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in palpable breast lesions. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with palpable breast lesions who presented in Department of radio diagnosis and imaging of Nobel Medical collegefor a period of one-year from February 2019- January 2020 using ultrasound. A total of 60 patientswereevaluated in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results: Out of 60 patients evaluated, ultrasound showed 46 (76.7%) cases to be benign and 14 (23.3%) cases to be malignant. FNAC revealed benign disease in 47 (78.3%) patients and malignant disease in 13 (21.7%) patients. The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma. We found nearly 91.7% of the malignant lesions had spiculated margins and microcalcification. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 95.74% and specificity 92.3% with diagnostic accuracy 95%. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool with good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in palpable breast lesions.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Ultrasound Scanning in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Patients Admitted at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Uma Gurung ◽  
Dhiraj Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Suspected Acute Appendicitis

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency. Both abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography are common diagnostic tools in its diagnosis with each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Patients of suspected acute appendicitis were evaluated with an ultrasound to see the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasound for intraoperative appendicitis diagnosis. The study included 113 patients of suspected acute appendicitis presenting in the emergency during a one year duration. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was calculated from their respective formulae. Results: The majority of the patients were male patients between the age group of 18 to 30. The sensitivity of ultrasound for diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 96% and specificity was 33%. The positive predictive value was 98% and the negative predictive value was 20% Conclusion: Ultrasound has good sensitivity and the low cost along with no radiation exposure makes this an acceptable screening investigative modality though due to low specificity, it would be recommended to go for a computed tomography scan if ultrasound shows negative result for appendicitis.  

scholarly journals Can High b Value Diffusion Be a Surrogate Marker for PET—A MR/PET Study in Neurooncology Set Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Mangalore ◽  
Sriharish Vankayalapati ◽  
Shumyla Jabeen ◽  
Arun Kumar Gupta ◽  
Pardeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose: Hybrid whole-body magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography (MR/PET) systems are new diagnostic tools enabling the simultaneous acquisition of morphologic and multiparametric functional data, which allow for a diversified characterization of oncological diseases. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic ability of MRI with the diffusion-weighted image (DWI), and simultaneous integrated positron emission tomography MR/PET to detect malignant lesions and elucidate the utility and limitations of these imaging modalities in preoperative and postoperative follow up in cancer patients.Material and Methods: A total of 45 patients undergoing simultaneous MR/PET for CNS ICSOL in our institution between January 2016 and July 2020 were considered in this study. Post-processing was done in Siemens syngo software to generate a b2000 image. This image was then inverted to grayscale and compared with the NAC image of PET.Results: The lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for DWI were 92.3, 83.3, 97.3, and 62.5%, respectively (at 95% CI and p was 0.000). The lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PET were 97.4, 71.4, 94.9, and 83.3%, respectively (at 95% CI and p was 0.000). The lesion-based sensitivity and specificity of DWI were comparable with those of PET.Conclusions: Although DWI and FDG-PET reflect different tissue properties, there is an association between the measures of both methods in CNS tumors probably because of the coupling of cellularity with tumor metabolism as seen on FDG and other PET tracers. Our study shows that DWI acts as a surrogate biomarker for FDG PET and other tracers in tumors. The method of DWI image generation is simple, radiation-free, and cost-effective in a clinical setup. The simultaneous DWI-PET study provides evidence and confirms the role of DWI in surveillance imaging of tumors.

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease: Accuracy of Barium Enema Findings

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Sue Yun Yu ◽  
Gye Yeon Lim ◽  
Ji Yeong Yun ◽  
Seong Tae Hahn ◽  
Hak Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barium Enema ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease

Accuracy of Rotator Cuff Tears and Tendinosis Diagnoses on Shoulder Ultrasound Performed by a Short-experienced Operator

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Harshad Arvind Vanjare ◽  
Jyoti Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tear ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cuff Tear ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective The objective of the study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear and tendinosis performed by a short experienced operator, compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Method A total of 70 subjects suspected to have rotator cuff tear or tendinosis and planned for shoulder MRI were included in the study. Shoulder ultrasound was performed either before or after the MRI scan on the same day. Ultrasound operator had a short experience in performing an ultrasound of the shoulder. Ultrasound findings were correlated to MRI findings. Results Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for the diagnosis of tendinosis were 58%, 84%, 63%, 80%, and 75%, respectively, and it was 68%, 91%, 73%, 88%, and 85%, respectively, for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear. Conclusions Sensitivity for diagnosing rotator cuff tear or tendinosis was moderate but had a higher negative predictive value. Thus, the ultrasound operator with a short experience in performing shoulder ultrasound had moderate sensitivity in diagnosing tendinosis or tears; however, could exclude them with confidence.

381 Role of CT scans of abdomen and pelvis in management of patients with immunotherapy-induced colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A406-A406
Author(s):  
Juan Ibarra Rovira ◽  
Raghunandan Vikram ◽  
Selvi Thirumurthi ◽  
Bulent Yilmaz ◽  
Heather Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundColitis is one of the most common immune-related adverse event in patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Although radiographic changes are reported on computed tomography such as mild diffuse bowel thickening or segmental colitis, the utility of CT in diagnosis of patients with suspected immune-related colitis is not well studied.MethodsCT scans of the abdomen and pelvis of 34 patients on immunotherapy with a clinical diagnosis of immunotherapy induced colitis and 19 patients receiving immunotherapy without clinical symptoms of colitis (control) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Segments of the colon (rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, ascending and cecum) were assessed independently by two fellowship trained abdominal imaging specialists with 7 and 13 years‘ experience who were blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Each segment was assessed for mucosal enhancement, wall thickening, distension, peri-serosal fat stranding. Any disagreements were resolved in consensus. The degree of distension and the spurious assignment of wall thickening were the most common causes for disagreement. The presence of any of the signs was considered as radiographic evidence of colitis.ResultsCT evidence of colitis was seen in 16 of 34 patients with symptoms of colitis. 7 of 19 patients who did not have symptoms of colitis showed signs of colitis on CT. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for colitis on CT is 47%, 63.2%, 69.5% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionsCT has a low sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of immunotherapy-induced colitis. CT has no role in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having uncomplicated immune-related colitis and should not be used routinely for management.Trial RegistrationThis protocol is not registered on clinicaltrials.gov.Ethics ApprovalThis protocol was IRB approved on: 11/16/2015 - IRB 4 Chair Designee FWA #: 00000363 OHRP IRB Registration Number: IRB 4 IRB00005015ConsentThis protocol utilizes an IRB approved waiver of consent.

scholarly journals Eotaxins and Their Receptor as Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Monika Zajkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Maciej Dulewicz ◽  
Kamil Safiejko ◽  
Marcin Juchimiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Immunoenzymatic Assay

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. Despite the availability of diagnostic tests, an increasing number of new cases is observed. That is why it is very important to search new markers that would show high diagnostic utility. Therefore, we made an attempt to assess the usefulness of eotaxins, as there are few studies that investigate their significance, in patients with CRC. The study included 80 subjects (CRC patients and healthy volunteers). Serum concentrations of all eotaxins were measured using a multiplexing method (Luminex), while CCR3 was measured by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). CRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry and classical tumor marker levels (CEA and CA 19-9) and were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The highest usefulness among the proteins tested showed CCR3. Its concentrations were significantly higher in the CRC group than in healthy controls. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CCR3 were higher than those of CA 19-9. The maximum values for sensitivity, negative predictive value, and AUC were obtained for a combination of CCR3 and CRP. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of CCR3 in the diagnosis of CRC, especially in combination with CRP or CEA.

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