scholarly journals Materials for the Characterization of the Settlement System in the Samara Volga Region in the Golden Horde Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Anna F. Kochkina ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy A. Stashenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
The Right

Among the sites of the Golden Horde period of the Middle Volga region, a special group consists of the sites of the Samara region, which includes the Samara Luka of the Volga and the basins of the Usa, Samara, Kinel, and Sok rivers. The analysis of the topography of the sites in the context of the natural and geographical characteristics of the area under consideration allowed us to determine its territorial structure. Based on the features of settlement placement, a zonal zoning model is proposed for the right-bank and left-bank sections of the Samara Volga region. On the territory of the righ-bank district, three microdistricts are allocated: 1) Usa microdistrict;, 2) microdistrict of the inner part of the Samara Luka; 3) microdistrict of the Syzranka River basin. In the left-bank, taking into account the modern data of the territory, six microdistricts can be distinguished. 1) Northern на trans-Volga microdistrict located in the northern zone close to the bank of the Volga River; 2) Samara-Volga microdistrict, including sites of the mouth of the Samara River, Sok, the bank of the Volga River; 3) Sok microdistrict, sites are located along the bed of the Sok and Kondurcha rivers; 4) Kinel microdistrict, sites are located along the river Bolshoi Kinel to the confluence with the Samara River; 5) Samara steppe microdistrict in the eastern zone of the region under consideration; 6) Southern trans-Volga microdistrict. Each microdistrict is characterized by a corresponding supporting framework of settlement, which is associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of sites.

scholarly journals Typological originality of secondary dialects with the south Russian basis in the Middle Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
T. E. Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The South ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Linguistic Basis

The article highlights the problem of the typology of dialects of the Middle Volga region. Particular attention is paid to secondary dialects with signs of South Russian dialect bases, the status of which in the Volga atlases is determined ambiguously. The area of the described dialect type is indicated. It is indicated that in the left-bank part of the Middle Volga region, in the so-called Trans-Volga region, there is a high probability of the existence of secondary Central Russian dialects with the preservation of signs of southern Russian maternal stems. The main source is data from regional atlases. The materials of dialectological expeditions to the villages of the Samara region are used. The description of the typological characteristics of the secondary dialects with a southern base, which are designated on the maps of regional atlases as Central Russian, is based on the analysis of isogloss of phonetic, grammatical and proper lexical dialect phenomena. In dialects with a completed transition to Central Russian, typologically significant South Russian features are types of yakany with the preservation of vowel dissimilation, obstruent pronunciation of g of secondary origin and other phonetic, morphological and lexical features that make up the series of two-term dialectal correspondences. According to the linguistic basis, such dialects are often polydialectal. In some dialects, the South Russian basis is not in doubt, and we can only state the beginning of the transition to the Central Russian type. The question is raised about the existence of secondary dialect types, formed as a result of the assimilation of dialects of the South Russian dialect with other dialects, not only in the Volga region, but also in other territories with favorable conditions for inter-dialectal contact. It is concluded that the presence of the Central Russian type and South Russian bases in the described dialects is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of information on typologically significant levels of the dialect language, in which systemic relations are clearly manifested and which are represented on linguistic maps by stable isoglosses. Data on secondary types of dialects should be based on the structural-typological classification of dialectal phenomena of various levels, including the lexical one.

scholarly journals Age and Natural Environment of the Horse Hunters' Site Sholma I in the Right Bank of the Volga in Chuvashia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Berezina ◽  
◽  
Alexander Yu. Berezin ◽  
Madina Sh. Galimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Age ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
South West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

The paper presents new data on the dating and paleogeography of the Sholma I site, which has been studied by the authors since the early 2000s on the Tsivil River in Chuvashia. Two AMS dates obtained from horse bones from the 2017 excavation: 10838-10717 Cal BC (95,4%) (UOC-8154) и 11131-10846 Cal BC (95,4%) (UOC-8155) confirmed the authors ' opinion expressed in 2009 that the site of the final Paleolithic functioned in the natural conditions of the interstadial warming of the Allerød at the end of the ice Age. Results of a soil study of samples in 2017, in particular, analyzes for the content of gross phosphorus and microbiomorphs carried out by A. A. Golyeva are highlighted. Analogies to the features of the blade stone industry and trapezoid inserts of throwing weapons in the sites of the Pleistocene and Holocene boundary are revealed. As a result, the authors have outlined two possible directions of communication of specialized hunters who came to the Middle Volga region with a characteristic set of combat weapons in the conditions of interstadial warming. It could be south-east and south-west directions. The south-eastern one is represented by complexes with trapezia of the lower layers of the Shiderty 3 site in north-eastern Kazakhstan and the Gora Mayak settlement in the Samara trans-Volga region, and the south-western one – by the sites with trapezia and other forms of inserts that existed during Allerød in the valleys of the Seversky Donets and the Middle Don.

scholarly journals PROFESSOR V.D. DIMITRIEV – ORGANIZER OF HISTORICAL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Right

The article is dedicated to a prominent scientist, public figure and administrator, Doctor of Historical Sciences Vasily Dimitrievich Dimitriev. The article traces the path of his formation as a researcher, teacher, organizer of historical education and science. The professor’s main biographical data, scientific problems developed by him are analyzed. The stages of his work at the Chuvash Research Institute of Language, Literature and History and I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University are determined. Thanks to his brilliant analytical abilities, Vasily Dimitrievich became a specialist in Russian history, but also in ethnography, source studies and related scientific disciplines. The scientist created a whole galaxy of followers. He is considered as their teacher by 10 doctors and 40 candidates of sciences, in whose training he participated. Among the students who defended their dissertations in the last years of the scientist’s life were A.A. Chibis on the theme “Monasteries of the Right Bank of the Kazan Land in the Second Half of the XVI – First Half of the XVIII Centuries: Functioning, Land Ownership and Economy” (2011) and A.K. Kuznetsov on the theme “State Archival Service of the Chuvash Republic: the History of Reorganization and Functioning in 1991–2004” (2011). V.D. Dimitriev’s research is a notable help for historians of the neighboring regions of the Middle Volga region. The scientific heritage of Vasily Dimitrievich will be preserved for many years in the works of his followers and students, historical works and collections of documents. Despite a considerable number of published articles devoted to the scientist’s life, work, his research work, the historian’s scientific archive is valuable, which is stored in the Chuvash State Humanitarian Institute, including more than 200 volumes of various documents from the central and regional archives of the country. V.D. Dimitriev’s personal fund was passed by his will to the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic. Thanks to the efforts of the scientist, the collected array of sources will enable followers to open new pages both in the history of the Middle Volga region and in the biography of the scientist.

scholarly journals Impact of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones (European part of Russia, Middle Volga region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Valentina Ilyina ◽  
Anna Mitroshenkova ◽  
Stepan Senator ◽  
Vera Solovyeva ◽  
Stanislav Rogov
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Impact

The effect of natural fires on the vegetation cover of steppe and forest-steppe zones in the south-east of European Russia (the middle course of the Volga River) has been evaluated. The research used methods of studying biosystems at organism, species, population and cenotic levels. The study revealed the possibility of regrowth of aboveground plant parts after fires, changes in the population structure of species, and resistance of populations and zonal plant communities to the effects of natural fires. The most vulnerable among zonal vegetation types are pine forests, feather-grass and petrophytic steppes. Frequency, intensity and area of natural fires in the Middle Volga region cause significant changes in the structure of vegetation cover and reduction of biodiversity. The results obtained in the study of the impact of fires on vegetation can be used in the planning and implementation of environmental and reforestation measures.

scholarly journals Ecological and Physiological Patterns of Selenium Migration within the Volga River Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay A Pudovkin ◽  
Denis A Pyrikov ◽  
Petr V Smutnev
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Maximal Concentration ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Volga River ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
Migration Analysis ◽  
The Right

The article presents the results of selenium migration analysis within river ecosystem. Maximal concentration of selenium was observed near Tomakovsky and Nazarovsky ravines within Saratov territory. The concentration of this microelement at the right river bank was slightly higher than at the left bank. The concentration of selenium in bottom soil ranged from 0.062–0.099 μg/g. Maximal concentration of microelement was found in clasping-leaved pondweed. Selenium concentration in fish bodies depends on their species and nutrition. Maximal concentration of microelement was found in crucian carps, and minimal – in rudds.

scholarly journals REARRANGEMENT OF RIVER NETWORK AND DIRECTION OF WATERSHEDS DISPLACEMENT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT THE QUATERNARY TIME

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
E.V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
River Network ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Right ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Main Factor

The Neogene river valleys of the Middle Volga region are widespread, and their location mainly corresponds to the modern river network. This indicates the sustainability of development of river valleys during Neogene-Quaternary time. The Neogene river network was laid in the Late Miocene. The main rivers on the studied area were Paleo-Volga and Paleo-Kama. The article presents the results of the study of the value and direction of the displacement of modern valley’s cuts in relation to Neogene ones during Quaternary period within the territory of Tatarstan. The data on the displacement of the watershed lines are given. The material for the study was obtained on the basis of data analysis of the geological survey, literary and cartographic sources. Reconstruction of the position of the Neogene paleo-valleys was carried out using geoinformation mapping methods. The analysis of the displacement values of the modern valleys relatively to the Neogene ones allows us to conclude that in the Quaternary time the right-side displacement was predominant. The main factor which impacts on the displacement is Coriolis force. This is especially clearly seen on large and medium-sized rivers, where the value of displacement directly depends on the size of the watercourse. Displacement on large rivers averages 15 to 50 km, on medium-sized rivers - 12 to 15 km, on small rivers these values do not exceed 3.0 to 5.0 km. Changes in the main watershed lines in the Quaternary period are also associated with right-hand displacement. This trend is disrupted due to the increasing role of other factors, primarily lithological and tectonic. Namely these factors affect the left-side cuts offset, as well as the reduction or increase of the displacement value. The role of other factors is not so pronounced.

ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВИЙ ЗРІЗ БАЗОВИХ ІСТОРИКО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНИХ, СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТА КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ РОЗВИТКУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ МОЛДОВА

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
MYKHAILO KHARYSHYN
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Use

The Republic of Moldova is an important trade and economic partner of Ukraine. Shared border, closeness of foreign policy positions and interaction in the international arena, the commonality of history, culture, historically close cooperation in the economic and trade spheres, in dealing with contemporary challenges and threats, etc., necessitate a closer study of this country. This article is intended to highlight and analyze the main historical, geographical, socio-economic and cultural features of the development of Moldova. A thorough study of the processes in the modern Moldovan society, the nature of their emergence, etc. will allow different interested structures of Ukraine, including state authorities, to make more effective use of the opportunities of the two countries to build up mutually beneficial cooperation, both within the framework of multilateral and international platforms. This may contribute to solving similar problems facing the Ukrainians in building a completely new legal community in our country, a society based on recognized European and Euro-Atlantic values. The article is based on available scientific research, including copyrights on the Republic of Moldova, which in general provides an objective and useful cross-section of the basic features of this country. The article highlights the major historical milestones of state-building in Moldova, from ancient times to the present, formation of its basic public institutions, informs about the activities of state leadership and public figures, the state and administrative-territorial structure of the modern Republic of Moldova. The work shows the current political, socio-economic and humanitarian situation, in particular in the fields of culture, education and religion, level of relations of this country with Ukraine, place and role of the Ukrainian community both on the Right Bank and on the Left Bank (Transnistria) in the life of Moldova, etc. Prominent place in the article is devoted to the coverage of the basic parameters of the physical and geographical location of the Republic of Moldova, which determines its natural features, economic development, the structure of the national economy, tourist attractiveness and more.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF EARLY MATURITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW CORN HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (73) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
O. Shaytanov ◽  
Z. Fattakhova ◽  
L. Shayakhmetova ◽  
E. Sotchenko
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Economic Trait ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Northern Zone ◽  
Middle Volga

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early maturing hybrids of the in FSBSI ARRSI of corn 2020 was carried out on an experimental plot with gray forest heavy loamy soils. Meteorological conditions were characterized by an extremely uneven supply of heat and precipitation during the growing season. Of the earliest hybrids, RM 77/18 was isolated with the speed of recoil of moisture by the grain during ripening of 0.88% per day versus 0.64% for the Kubansky 101 standard, as a source of a valuable economic trait. The universal hybrid RM 139/18 surpassed the Nur standard in grain productivity by 10.6%, moisture-yielding speed (1.12% versus 1.02% per day for Nur) and starch content in the grain (57.7% versus 54.6% for Nur). Among the mid-early samples for silage, RM 151/18 stood out: it surpassed the Nur standard in dry matter productivity by 10.8%, output per hectare of crude protein by 35%, sugars - by 15% and metabolizable energy - by 10.6%. Both hybrids are recommended for transfer to State Variety Trials. Analyzed and noted the unreliability of the generally accepted criteria for the preliminary assessment of the early maturity of new maize hybrids in the northern zone of the Middle Volga region.

scholarly journals Is Lotus zhegulensis Klok. (Fabaceae) a separate species endemic of the Middle Volga Region or just a variety of a widespread L. corniculatus L.?

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Tatyana E. Kramina ◽  
Ilja G. Meschersky ◽  
Alina V. Fedorova ◽  
Natalia V. Vasilieva ◽  
Nina Yu. Stepanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
The Right

We have studied several samples from Lotus corniculatus s. l. and L. zhegulensis populations with the use of SSR and sequenced nuclear (ITS) and plastid (atpB-rbcL, ndhC-trnV, rpl32-trnL(UAG), trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF) markers. We analysed 9 local populations from the Volga River valley ranging from Ulyanovsk in the north to Volgograd in the south, as well as two local populations from Moscow and Lipetsk Provinces. Analyses of SSR markers using the STRUCRURE program divided the sample into three genetic clusters. Populations from Moscow and Lipetsk Provinces, and three local populations from the ‘locus classicus’ location of L. zhegulensis in Samara Province appeared to be the most genetically differentiated while all the other populations were variously genetically admixed. Low pairwise Fst values indicate low genetic differentiation of Lotus populations and the intraspecific nature of the revealed diversity. The nuclear and plastid DNA sequences analyzed yielded little information. Substitutions and indels revealed were mostly autapomorphies characteristic of separate specimens or small groups of specimens but not of populations. Our study enables to firmly conclude that Lotus populations from the right bank of the Volga River in vicinity of Zhiguli upland described as L. zhegulensis are weakly genetically differentiated from other populations of Lotus corniculatus s. l. and, hence, cannot be regarded as a separate species.

scholarly journals Migration processes among Tatars of the Tetyushsky krai: directions, causes and results (the second half of the 16th – early 20th centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-301
Author(s):  
Elmira K. Salakhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Migration Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The presented article sets the tasks to consider the migration conditions and processes among the population of the Tetyushsky Krai, to identify the historical validity of their choice of a particular region for living, to determine the reasons that contribute to the movement of the population. The study of the history of the region in this perspective is being conducted for the first time. In our opinion, this approach to the study of local history is relevant. Ancestral ties in Tatar society have always been strong and representatives of the same family living in different regions maintained close contact and, therefore, kinship ties considerably affected the migration direction. In the course of our research, several directions of migration of the population of the Tetyushsky Territory were identified in different periods of history: after the fall of the Bulgarian state and, subsequently, the Kazan Khanate. The migration of certain clans took place on the territory of the current Spassky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. This movement was quite understandable, since in the memory of the people it was perceived as a movement within their land, their state. It is known that the territory of Volga Bulgaria stretched both in the left and right banks of the Volga River. It should also be noted that natives of the Tetyushsky Region founded some villages in the Almetyevsk and Spassk districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The lack of arable land contributed to the movement of the population to the Menzelinsk district of the Ufa Province, in search of better conditions for farming. The connection of the inhabitants of the Mountain side with the southern city of Astrakhan is primarily due to its convenient geographical location for trade relations, which has been a favorite occupation of the Tatars since the beginning of centuries. Also, the climatic conditions of the southern region saved many in the hunger years in the Volga region. Those who moved from the Middle Volga region, mostly came from the Mountainous side. The study of the historical ties of the Tatars of different regions, migration processes and their directions provides new materials for researching the history of regions and settlements.

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