scholarly journals Reliquary Cross with Niello from the Upper Dzulat Hillfort in North Ossetia

Author(s):  
Natalya V. Eniosova ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Leontyeva ◽  

The present paper deals with the results of the study of manufacturing technique and metal chemical composition carried out for encolpia nielloed cross dated to the end of the 12th – early 13th from the North Caucasus. Analytical results were obtained with a scanning electron microscope equipped with micro ED-XRF in low-vacuum conditions. An eightpointed cross filled with niello was depicted on the survive valve of encolpia. The Christ letter monograms encrusted with niello were made on the cross rounded terminals. Reliquary cross could have been cast in piece-mould made by the impression of previously made encolpia valve. High-tin gunmetal (Sn –17,5%) was used for encolpia production. Recessions for niello were made by casting and left without further treatment. Niello composition comprises copper, tin, and lead sulfides. Sulfur content obtained for several samples exceed 30%. The copper-based niello was more available and cheaper than silver-based composition. It has been widely used for production of the Old Russian pectoral crosses cast of bronze or brass. Manufacturing technique, metal composition, and peculiar niello recipe put encolpia cross from the Upper Dzulat hillfort on a par with widespread Old Russian reliquary crosses dated to the 12th – 13th centuries. There were prestigious but serial items made of cheap copper alloys decorated with cheap niello made without silver. The Old Russian origin of encolpia from the North Caucasus proves by the long list of analogies from the territories of Ukraine, Crimea, Bryansk, Suzdal and Ryazan Lands.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.


Author(s):  
Х.М. Хетагуров

Кленовники Северного Кавказа – особый тип лесных формаций. Особенность проявляется не только в структуре фитоценозов, но и в способах самовозобновления. Объект исследования – чистые и смешанные кленовники в нескольких урочищах РСО-Алания. Объекты расположены в различных условиях горного рельефа и на разной высоте над уровнем моря, от 1100 до 1900 м. Целью исследования является установление особенностей семенного возобновления кленовников, произрастающих в верхнем поясе распространения лесов на Северном Кавказе. Для достижения поставленной цели устанавливали время цветения и созревания семян по вертикальным поясам распространения кленовников. Обилие цветения и средний балл плодоношения устанавливали по В.Г. Капперу. Биометрические характеристики семян определяли по урочищам в трех повторностях. Учет подроста проводили на круговых учетных площадках по 10 м2, в соответствии с методикой А.В. Грязькина. Установлено, что цветение клена Траутфеттера начинается 10–14 мая и заканчивается в третьей декаде мая. Семена начинают созревать к концу августа – к началу сентября. Сроки опадения семян растянуты. Часть семян попадает на почву до начала листопада, поэтому они оказываются погребенными под опадом. Такие семена быстро теряют всхожесть, выпревают. Другая часть опадает вместе с листьями. Третья категория семян (самые легкие) держатся на деревьях до декабря и даже до весны. Естественное возобновление клена семенами под пологом материнского древостоя сильно затруднено из-за мощного травяного покрова. В древостое с сомкнутым пологом доля цветущих и плодоносящих деревьев составляет 2–3%, а средний балл плодоношения составляет 1,3. Освещенность на поверхности почвы не превышает 100 люкс, т. е. составляет 0,2–0,3% от освещенности на открытом месте; на высоте 1,3 м (над травостоем) освещенность несколько выше – от 1,2 до 1,6 тыс. люкс. Под пологом древостоя преобладает подрост вегетативного происхождения. У верхней границы кленового леса подрост семенного происхождения встречается в окнах, прогалинах и на открытых местах в количестве 430–630 экз./га. По высоте преобладает крупный подрост 50–60%, доля мелкого – 10–20%. The maple stands of the North Caucasus – a special type of forest formations. The peculiarity is manifested not only in the structure of phytocoenoses, but also in the ways of self-renewing. Object of research – pure and mixed maple stands in some areas of North Ossetia-Alania. The properties are located in various mountainous terrain and at different heights above sea level from 1100 to 1900 m. The aim of the study is to establish the characteristics of the seed the resumption of the maple stands growing in the upper belt of forests spread in the Northern Caucasus. To achieve this goal setting time of flowering and ripening of seeds on vertical zones distribution dominated. The abundance of flowering and the average score of fruiting was established by V.G. Capper. Biometric characteristics of the seeds was determined by the tracts in three replicates. Accounting for the undergrowth was carried out on a circular experimental plots at 10 m2, in accordance with the method of A.V. Grashkin. It is established that the flowering maple Trautvetter begins may 10–14 and ends in the third week of may. Seeds begin to ripen by late August – early September. The timing of subsidence of the stretched seed. Some of the seeds falls to the ground before the leaves, so they are trapped under the litter. These seeds quickly lose their germination, vypivaet. The other part falls along with the leaves. The third category of seeds (the light) stay on the trees until December and even till spring. Natural regeneration of maple seeds under the canopy of parent stand is very difficult due to the strong grass cover. In forest stands with dense canopy, proportion of flowering and fruit-bearing trees is 2–3%, and the average score of fruiting is 1.3. The illumination on the surface of the soil does not exceed 100 Lux, i. e. 0.2–0.3% of the light in the open, at a height of 1.3 m (on grass) the lighting is slightly higher, from 1.2 to 1.6 thousand Suite. Under the canopy of the forest the undergrowth is dominated by vegetative origin. At the upper boundary of the maple forest, saplings of seed origin occurs in Windows, clearings and open places in the number 430–630 ind./ha. In height dominated by large undergrowth of 50–60%, the share of small – 10–20%.


2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Milkovič ◽  
Karel Saksl ◽  
Mária Hagarová ◽  
Štefan Michalik ◽  
Jana Gamcová

This paper is focused to structure characterization of two differently electrodeposited Ni-Co alloys on the copper surface. The chemical composition of the layers was determined by the EDX analysis in the scanning electron microscope. Phase analysis was realized by diffraction in the transmission mode using synchrotron radiation. Diffraction patterns also show the preferred orientation in the coating with saccharine addition.


Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
A.G. KAZHAROV ◽  
◽  
M.S. TAMAZOV ◽  

The published documents were found in the archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. These are the materials of the meetings of the Soviet and party authorities of the Mountain Republic, which were devoted to the discussion of the problem of Kabarda's secession from the polyethnic mountain autonomy. The Kabardian problem was discussed several times by the leadership of the Mountain Republic in June 1921 before and after the congress of the peoples of Kabarda that took place this month. The minutes of the meetings have not yet been published in the published thematic collections of documents dedicated to the history of the nation-building of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The documents contribute to the understanding of the position of the statesmen of the Mountain Republic on the formation of new autonomous units and the identification of the concrete historical content of these processes. The protocols make it possible to reconstruct the process of not only the disintegration of the collective mountain statehood, but also make it possible to clarify important points in the history of its creation. Party and Soviet leaders often returned to the problems of the initial stage of the formation of the Mountain Republic. Further study of the problems of the formation of a system of national autonomies in the North Caucasus in recent times will largely depend, including on the introduction of new documents into scientific circulation and their interpretation by a wide range of researchers. In this regard, the published documents and materials are of great scientific interest.


2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Sufian Zhemukhov

A nuanced reading of the current situation in the North Caucasus reveals two main trends that articulate in confrontation with Russian nationalism. First, in the eastern part of the region, particularly in Dagestan, Chechnya, and Ingushetia, a shift from nationalism to Islam has taken place, and the ties between religion and political machine are strong and visible. Second, and by contrast, in the western part of the region, including Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachayevo-Cherkessia, and North Ossetia, nationalism has increased, and the political elites seldom practice religion publicly.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Je Lee ◽  
Min Goo Hur ◽  
Jeong Mun Son ◽  
Jeong Hoon Park ◽  
Seung Dae Yang

This study investigates the effect of liquid gallium (Ga) on metal foils made of titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), and molybdenum (Mo). The Ti, Nb, and Mo foils were heated in liquid Ga at 120°C for a maximum of two weeks. After heating, the changes in the morphology and the chemical composition of the metal foils were analyzed by using a field emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The results of the analysis indicated that the Nb foil showed the minimum adhesion of liquid Ga to the surface while the maximum amount of liquid Ga was observed to adhere to the Ti foil. In addition, the Nb foil was oxidized and the Mo foil was reduced during the heating process. Considering these effects, we conclude that Mo may be used as an alternative encapsulation material for Ga in addition to Nb, which is used as the conventional encapsulation material, due to its chemical resistance against oxidation in hot liquid Ga.


2014 ◽  
Vol 794-796 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Wilson ◽  
Anne Kvithyld ◽  
Thorvald Abel Engh ◽  
Gabriella Tranell

During remelting of aluminum manganese-containing alloys, some industrial experience has indicateda tendency toward increased oxidation losses when compared to unalloyed Al. A goal of thiswork is to increase current knowledge of oxidation of Mn-containing aluminum. An oxidation studywas performed on 99.99% Al, Al-1%Mn and Al-5%Mn materials in a muffle furnace in air. Theseoxidized materials were analyzed in the Scanning Electron Microscope using Energy Dispersive xraySpectroscopy (EDS) both for chemical composition and to analyze the structure of the oxide thatwas formed. The main findings from the SEM analysis of the oxidized 99.99% Al, Al1%Mn andAl5%Mn materials are: 1) The oxides formed on the Al1Mn and Al5Mn materials contained onlyminute amounts of Mn. However, small clusters of Mn metal were found among the Al2O3 particleson the surface of the Al1Mn and Al5Mn samples. 2) Dissolved Mn increased from the surface to theinterior, and Mn-rich particles were present in the interior of the Al1Mn and Al5Mn samples. 3) Theoxide layer thickness increases with Mn content, and the oxide film is more fragmented.


Author(s):  
K.R. DZALAEVA ◽  
К.Р. ДЗАЛАЕВА

Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований Президиума РАН «Историческая память и российская идентичность» Представленные документы характеризуют причины и условия возникновения Рус- ского драматического театра во Владикавказе во второй половине XIX в. Материалы фондов Центрального государственного архива РСО-А и Научного архива СОИГСИ, под- твержденные сведениями театральной хроники местной периодической печати, раскры- вают неизвестные страницы истории Русского театра, связанные с его возникновением, финансово-организационными и кадровыми вопросами, строительством и архитектур- ным обликом театрального здания в разные периоды времени. Особое внимание уделяется роли Русского театра в формировании городской общественно-культурной среды Север- ного Кавказа. The presented documents characterize the reasons and conditions for the emergence of the Russian Drama Theater in Vladikavkaz in the second half of the XIXth century. The materials of the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Scientific Archive of North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarial and Social Studies, confirmed by the information of the theatrical chronicles of the local periodical press, reveal unknown pages of the history of the Russian Theater, connected with its appearance, its financial and organizational and personnel issues, construction and architectural decision of the theater building at different times. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Russian Theater in the formation of the urban social and cultural environment of the North Caucasus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. Tedeyeva ◽  
A. Abayev ◽  
V. Tedeyeva ◽  
Natalia Khokhoeva

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops. The object of research is two varieties of winter wheat – Trio and Utrish, which differ in maturity, susceptibility to leaf-stem pathogens. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region, in the research and production department of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops was studied, an economic assessment of the studied agricultural techniques was given. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational-methodical guide for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. As a result of the use of herbicides and their tank mixture, it contributed to a significant reduction in the number of weeds (the percentage of death in the bumping phase varied between 55.9–81.1 % compared to the control). The removal of mineral nutrition elements by weeds was: nitrogen – 72.6 kg/ha, phosphorus – 14.4 kg/ha, potassium-52.4 kg/ha. Herbicides had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity. The leaf area during its maximum development (earing phase) according to the studied variants increased by 12.7–16.4 %, and the photosynthetic potential – by 13.7–17.8 %. The PPF for the studied options (the average value for the growing season) increased by 0.34–0.51 g/m2 per day. The studied drugs contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The largest increase was obtained according to the option: Grench (5 g/ha) + Luvaram (800 ml / ha) – 2.39–2.60 t/ha. The profitability level in the control (without herbicides) was at the level of 25.7 % (grade Trio), and according to the studied options ranged from 148.7 % (Luvarum 1600 ml / ha) to 169.2 % (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 800 ml/ha).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document