ESTIMATION OF THE CONDITION OF CROPS OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE AUTUMN PERIOD IN THE DRY ZONE OF THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY

The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.

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AUTUMN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS DEPENDING ON HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, VARIETIES AND TERMS OF SOWING

Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник Меліорація і водне господарство ◽

10.31073/mivg201901-157 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

S. O. Zaiets

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Winter Period ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Autumn Period ◽

Irrigated Lands ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

Actuality. For the last few years the instability in grain productions in the Steppe zone has been observed that is mainly connected with the fluctuations of agrometeorological conditions and global climatic change. Climate change made corrections in terms of sowing of winter crops, which are one of the main factors of technological process, which productivity of the crops depends on. Goal. To determine the influence of agrometeorological conditions, varieties and terms of sowing on the growth and development of plants during the autumn period of vegetation when cultivating winter wheat varieties on irrigated lands. Methods. The researches were conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS using the methodology of field and laboratory experiments on irrigated lands (IOZ NAAS, 2014). Results. During the study period it was determined that the hydrothermal conditions and the duration of the autumn period for winter wheat vegetation were significantly different. When sowing on the 20th of September, on the 1st of October, and on the 10th of October, the duration of the autumn vegetation period in 2016 was 56, 46 and 36 days, in 2015 - 100, 90 and 80 days and in 2017 - 114, 104 and 94 days respectively. When sowing on the 20th of October, winter wheat plants vegetated during 26, 70 and 84 days, respectively. Sowing terms affected winter wheat sprout population in different ways - when sowing on the 20th of September, it averaged to 372 plants/m2, on the 1st of October - 407 plants/m2, on the 10th of October – 386 plants/m2 and on the 20th of October - 392 plants/m2. It was determined that at different terms of sowing the plants entered in winter period with uneven growth and development. When sowing on the 20th of September all the varieties in autumn tillered, and in average for three years they created 4.1-5.0 shoots, developed more herbage mass of 713-761 g/m2 in comparison to other terms of sowing. The later wheat was sown, the less the plant tillering was, therefore, less herbage mass was formed. Conclusions. Agrometeorological conditions of autumn period and terms of sowing significantly affect the population of sprouts and growth processes of the plants of current winter wheat varieties. The highest plant population of all the varieties was formed when sowing on the 1st of October, the least one was formed by the varieties Mariia and Kokhana at early sowing on the 20th of September, and variety Ovidii – at early sowing on the 20th of September, and at late sowing on the 20th of October. That is, the Ovid variety is more responsive to the terms of sowing and to the deviation from the optimal (October 1) and leads to a decrease in the sprouting density. When sowing on the 20th of September and on the 1st of October all the varieties tillered intensively in autumn time, and they formed 4.1-5.0 and 3.3-3.7 shoots, respectively, developed more herbage mass comparatively to other terms of sowing - 713-761 and 313-381 g/m2 respectively. Having these terms of sowing the most intensive tillering was observed on the varieties Mariia and Kokhana, and when sowing in delayed terms no one variety had an advantage over the others.

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Yield formation by winter wheat as affected by sowing time

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2021.9.2021.001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Е.Б. Дрёпа ◽

Е.Л. Голосная ◽

А.С. Голубь

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Dry Zone ◽

Stavropol Region ◽

The Difference ◽

Yield Formation

Исследование выполнено в 2019 и 2020 годах в зоне неустойчивого увлажнения Ставропольского края. Цель работы — изучить влияние сроков посева на рост, развитие, формирование урожайности и качества зерна озимой пшеницы (сорт Безостая 100). Схема опыта включала следующие варианты: 1) посев в III декаде сентября; 2) посев в I декаде октября; 3) посев во II декаде октября; 4) посев в III декаде октября. Изменение климата достаточно сильно сказывается на сроках посева. В условиях зоны неустойчивого увлажнения оптимальным сроком является III декада сентября. Высокий температурный режим при посеве в III декаде сентября способствовал быстрому прохождению фазы кущения, и к моменту ухода в зиму у 70% посевов наблюдалось перерастание, отдельные экземпляры растений озимой пшеницы перешли в фазу выхода в трубку, что повлияло на процесс протекания стадии закалки растений и зимостойкость в целом. В варианте с поздним сроком сева (в III декаде октября) растения не успели раскуститься и в зиму ушли в фазе двух-трёх листьев, что также повлияло на устойчивость растений к неблагоприятным факторам в период перезимовки. Растения озимой пшеницы, посеянные в I и II декадах октября, раскустились и ушли в зиму в фазе одного-трёх побегов, что обеспечило хороший процент перезимовавших растений. Проведённые исследования показали, что в среднем за 2 года наибольшая урожайность получена в вариантах с посевом в I и II декадах октября, при этом прибавка относительно оптимального срока посева составила 1,3–1,91 т/га. Разница между оптимальным сроком и посевом в III декаде октября составила 0,37 т/га. При этом наблюдалось снижение количества белка на 2,1%. При ранних сроках посева получено зерно III класса, тогда как при поздних сроках качество соответствовало IV классу. The investigation was conducted in the dry zone of the Stavropol region in 2019 and 2020. The aim was to analyze the effect of sowing time on winter wheat growth, development, productivity and grain quality (variety “Bezostaya 100“). The experiment included the following variants: 1) sowing in late September; 2) in early October; 3) in II decade of October; 4) in late October. Climate change significantly affects sowing time. Late September is considered to be an optimal sowing time under dry weather. High temperature in late September ensured active tillering stage. By winter 70% of plants grew too much, some of them were at shooting stage which influenced winter hardiness in general. Sown in late October plants did not reach their tillering stage which also affected their resistance to unfavorable conditions. Plants seeded in I and II decades of October were able to reach the tillering stage and effectively overwintered at the phase of 1–3 shoots. The highest productivity occured when seeding in I and II decades of October, yield increase amounted to 1.3–1.91 t ha-1. The difference in yield amounted to 0.37 t ha-1 between the optimal time and seeding in late October. Protein content dropped by 2.1%. Early sowing resulted in grain of III grade, while late seeding — IV grade.

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The influence of weather conditions during an autumn period on the development of basic wreckers and diseases of agrocenosis of winter wheat in Forest-Steppe zone

Karantin i zahist roslin ◽

10.36495/2312-0614.2019.1-2.10-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

L. Parminska ◽

N. Havryliuk

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Field Research ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Autumn Period

Goal. To investigate the influence of weather conditions, to specify the terms of sowing in an autumn period and their influence on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat’s agrocenosis in the Forest-steppe zone. In conditions of climate change, specify the quantitative composition of the entomological and on phytopathogenic complexes in winter wheat chrops and the peculiarities of their manifestation. Methods. Field research, laboratory research, and analytical research. The field researches have been conducted in the conditions of monitoring inspections. The results of the experimental data are counted and collected using modern standard computer programs (Word, Excel). Results. Influence of weather conditions was investigated in the autumn period (air temperature, amount of precipitation) for 2006—2016 and the long-term seasonal dynamics of the number of basic wreckers on winter wheat sowing and detected features during climate change. Many years of weather conditions during winter wheat sowing have been analyzed. Conclusions. Global warming and drought caused by it in the autumn period prolonged the term of the autumn vegetation of winter wheat. Through droughty conditions, or over wetting optimal terms of sowing were displaced for later. It was researched that optimal terms of winter wheat sowing are considered in the zone of the North Forest-steppe from 15—25 September, which is allowed until 30 September. The increase in air temperature and a sufficient amount of precipitation in the autumn period leads to dissemination of sowing the most widespread wreckers and affection of plants by diseases. With the approach of ETL, there may be a need for protective measures in the conditions of early sowing and prolonged warm autumn, especially after colony precursors. Autumn spraying crops with fungicidal agents prevents plant infections by pathogens in the early phases of plant development.

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Molecular cloning and characterization of vernalization-related (ver) genes in winter wheat

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.920322.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 511-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang Chong ◽

Li-Ping Wang ◽

Ke-Hui Tan ◽

Hua-Liang Huang ◽

Hou-Guo Liang

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Molecular Cloning

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Ear growth, developmental stages and yield in winter wheat

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:19830606 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 537-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean-François LEDENT ◽

Volkmar STOY ◽

Helena AIRAKSINEN ◽

Tomas PATKAI

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Developmental Stages

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Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

Melioration and Water Management ◽

10.32962/0235-2524-2020-3-5-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

Georgiy Gulyuk ◽

Aleksey Ivanov ◽

Yuri Yanko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Nature Management ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Edible Roots ◽

Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

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The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-181-191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

M. Tkachenko ◽

N. Borys ◽

Ye. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Active Substance ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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