On the role of private subsidiary farms in rural development and approaches to their support by the State

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-415
Author(s):  
Sh.I. Sharipov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Government Incentives ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Regional Budgets

Subject. The article addresses the role of private subsidiary farming in the development of rural areas. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze trends and prospects for private farms and household plots, identify their role and importance in the development of rural areas, and suggest areas for government incentives. Methods. The study draws on monographic, abstract-logical, statistical, and analytical methods. Results. The paper revealed that in many regions of the country, private subsidiary farming still plays an important role in food supply, income generation, and rural development. It established close relationship between the state of private farms and household plots and the percentage of rural population in the total population. Despite the fact that about one third of total agricultural output of the country is produced by private subsidiary farms, they are not covered by the State support provided from the Federal budget. I underpin the need for expanded research to identify the potential and develop effective government incentives. Conclusions. It is crucial to devise a set of systemic measures to promote the growth of private subsidiary farms and include them in government incentive schemes; explore the practice of certain regions regarding the support for these farms through regional budgets. Streamlining procedures for expanding the land utilization for this category of households and creating a system to disseminate knowledge about agricultural technologies focused on private subsidiary farms are extremely important.

scholarly journals Role of agriculture and multifunctional rural development in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Bogdanov ◽  
Zorica Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Clear Explanation

Serbia is mostly rural country, as three fourth of its territory make rural areas, while almost half population is living in rural areas. Serbian agriculture is the sector which is very important for the total economy of the country in respect of resources, participation in GDP, employment as well as importance for rural areas and population. This is the only sector in Serbian economy that shows positive foreign trade balance in the recent several years.There are potentials for development of agrarian entrepreneurship on one hand, but on the other, there are constraints in existence of great number of small family farms whereas the huge share could not have commercial profile and could not live only from agricultural activities. The concept of multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas is still present mostly in scientific and political sphere without clear explanation or interpretation as well as mechanisms of implementation. Serbia’s rural space is heterogenic and devastated in different extent, and therefore extremely complicated for planning of multifunctional development.

scholarly journals Fiscal decentralization in pandemic and post-pandemic times

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
V.V. Klimanov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Mikhaylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Regional Budgets ◽  
Made In ◽  
Federal Center ◽  
Budget System

In 2020, many countries, including Russia, faced a unique situation in which subnational authorities were forced to take on new powers to combat the pandemic and its consequences. At the same time, fiscal decentralization, which can be characterized by indicators of decentralization of income, expenditures or as tax decentralization, has decreased. The share of intergovernmental transfers in the revenues of regional budgets has increased. Before that, attempts to increase the role of the regional level in the country’s budget system were made in Russia, but they usually ended in failure. The article shows that the multidirectional trends of the 2020 crisis determined the new state of regional budgets and their dependence on the federal center. At the same time, it is transfers from the federal budget that have become the leading factor in resilience to shocks in regional budgets.

THE ROLE OF STATE PROGRAMS IN FORMING THE EXPENDITURE PART OF THE FEDERAL BUDGET

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Pavlova ◽  
Nikita V. Geroev
Keyword(s):  
Federal Budget ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the structure of state programs financing, provides actual data on federal budget expenditures for several years. On the basis of actual data, the predominant role of state programs in forming the budget system expenditures in the Russian Federation is shown. On average, in 2014-2019, the share of expenditures on state programs was 51.5%. In 2019, the share of expenditures for implementing the state programs in the structure of federal budget expenditures was about 61%. The relevance of the topic showing the impact of state programs on the federal budget expenditures is caused by the fact that in modern conditions, implementation of state programs contributes to harmonious developing certain life spheres in the Russian society and helps the state to direct budget funds more specifically for certain purposes within the areas of state programs implementation. The predominance of state programs gives the state the opportunity to allocate federal budget funds purposefully, as well as it provides an opportunity for the state to finance the main policy directions. Using the methods of comparison, calculation of the specific weight and others, the results are obtained that enable us to draw the following conclusions: the change in the amount of federal budget expenditures and the amount of expenditures on state programs is not proportional, that is why the share of expenditures on implementing the state programs in each period under study is different, but still makes about half of the total amount of expenditures.

Out-migration in Uttarakhand Himalaya: its types, reasons, and consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

This study examines the types, reasons, and consequences of out-migration in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data were collected from secondary sources, mainly from an interim report on the status of migration in revenue villages of Uttarakhand, published by the ‘Rural Development and Migration Commission, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand’ in 2018. The district-wise analysis was carried out on the types of migration, reasons for migration, age-wise migration, the destination of migrants, and migration’s consequences in terms of depopulation in rural areas. Further, a case study of a village was carried out. The study reveals that in three districts – Pauri, Tehri, and Almora, more than 10% population out-migrated after 2011. Similarly, an exodus migration took place from more than 10% of villages of the same districts. This study further shows that migration is mainly internal – from the mountainous districts to urban centers, within the districts or within the state. About 734 villages are depopulated, and in 367 villages, the population has decreased by more than 50%. Unemployment is the major problem in rural areas as more than 50% of out-migration occurred for employment. 

subsistence production (where in the colonial period mainly extra-economic factors such as forced cultivation or forced labour caused the integration of the peasantry in the market exchange). Socialist development was there-fore strongly identified with modernising through the rapid expansion of the state sector, that is, nationalisation and mechanisation on an ever-increasing scale. The peasantry would be gradually absorbed within this expanding sector, and hence, at first, the role of the peasantry was seen as essentially passive with its transformation mainly centring on social aspects. As such, the policy of communal villages became virtually a habitational concept (and was in actual fact the responsibility of the national directorate of housing): a question of social infrastructures (water supplies, schools, etc.) within a concept of communal life without concerning production and its transformation. This view conflicted heavily with the objective conditions in the rural areas characterised by a deep involvement of the peasantry in market relationships and their dependence on it either as suppliers of labour power or as cash crop producers. This contradiction became more obvious, when the balance of payments became a real constraint (in 1979) and, hence, the question of financing accumulation cropped up more strongly in practice. The peasantry as suppliers of cash crops, of food and of labour power to the state sectors occupied a crucial position in production and accumulation. However, the crucial question then becomes whether the peasantry only performs the role of supplying part of the accumulation fund or whether the peasantry itself is part and parcel of the process of transformation and hence that accumulation embraces as an integral part the transformation of peasant agriculture into more socialised forms of production. In other words, it poses the question whether the strategy is based on a primitive socialist accumulation on the basis of the peasantry (transferring the agrarian surplus to the develop-ment of the state sector), or whether accumulation includes the transformation of peasant agriculture. Clearly, the way this question is posed in practice will influence heavily the nature of the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. The proposition that the state sector can develop under its own steam (with or without the aid of external borrowing) cannot bypass this crucial question since, on the one hand, a considerable part of foreign exchange earnings and of the food supply to the towns depended on peasant production and, on the other, the very conditions of productivity and profitability in the agrarian state sector depended heavily on the organic link that existed.between labour supply and family agriculture. The monetary disequilibrium originating from the state sector has a severe impact on the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. First, the imbalance between the demand for and the supply of consumer commodities affected rural areas differently from urban areas. The reason was that in urban areas the rationing system guaranteed to each family a minimum quantity of basic consumer necessities at official prices. In the rural areas the principal form of rationing remained the queue! Hence, forced savings were distributed differently over urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the concentration of resources on the state sector also implied that the peasants'

2013 ◽  
pp. 205-205
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Peasant Agriculture ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Power

Women Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Prachita A. Patil ◽  
Yogesh M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

Women Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Rural Development in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
Badal Chandra Das ◽  
Sebak Kumar Jana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The People ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Unemployed Youth

Rural development implies both the economic betterment of the people living in rural areas as well as bringing out holistic development. Accordingly, government has made paradigm shift from individual-centric rural development support to creation of gainful self-employment as well as wage employment among rural masses. Entrepreneurship, in this direction, has become an important consideration. Economic growth of a region largely depends on the involvement of poor and marginal sections into the process of entrepreneurship development. Globally, a large number of unemployed youth and women are becoming self-employed through entrepreneurship and creating employment opportunities for others. Researchers have worked on women's empowerment, economic development, and their role on micro-credit movement. The work on role of women in sustainable development is very limited. This chapter has tried to analyse issues related to women entrepreneurships in light of sustainable rural development in India to meet the research gap in the current context of Indian rural economy.

scholarly journals Culture and Rural Development: Voices from Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gorlach ◽  
Marta Klekotko ◽  
Piotr Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Dimensional Image

Abstract The paper is focused on the issue of culture and its connections to rural developments. It was based on the assumption that the culture has various impacts on rural communities` life, as well as, it has been present in various ways in functioning and changes that might be observed in rural areas. In our opinion, such a perspective should be presented in a more detailed way in order to stress the multiple and various impact of cultural issues on economic and social transformations in rural areas. Therefore, we divided our paper into three consecutive parts. In the first one, we discussed the multi-dimensional image of culture, and its role in human development. In the second one, we discussed some changes in the mechanisms of rural development, perceived as moving from the traditional to the contemporary one. We wanted to stress that culture seems to be an important part of the latter one. The last part of our considerations brought some empirical evidence from Poland focused on the role of culture in rural developments showing, at the same type, some examples of this new mechanism of rural development.

Fichte and the Echo of his Internationalist Thinking in Romanticism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla De Pascale
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
German Romanticism ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Systematic Structure

This chapter argues that Fichte developed his international legal thought mostly in close relationship to Kantian cosmopolitanism, preferring like him a confederation of states as the model that could guarantee perpetual peace. In suggesting this construct, he was remarkably influenced by the German constitutional question. Much more than Kant, however, he highlighted the role of the economic relationships within the state as a central determinant for the relationships between states. What is more, in his further intellectual career, he takes a turn towards observations on the importance of cultural homogeneity, culture and the role of history. These elements put him in line with another tradition of international legal thought, that is Machiavelli and Montesquieu. With a combination of the Kantian systematic structure and these ideas, he became one of the most important thinkers in German romanticism.

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