The history of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency market development

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-762
Author(s):  
Larisa A. CHALDAEVA` ◽  
Arsenii A. DANILIN
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Assets

Subject. The article addresses the cryptocurrency market that originates from the creation of the world's first cryptocurrency, i.e. Bitcoin. It overviews the blockchain technology and mining procedures for the digital currency. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to evaluate trends in the cryptocurrency market within the historical aspects, perform a profound analysis of digital assets terminology, including the concept of forks, tokens and altcoins, investigate changes in the Bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrency market by analyzing the Bitcoin Dominance Index, which has suffered significant fluctuations over the past five years. Methods. The study rests on the systems analysis of conceptual framework, the design of classification criteria, the functional, structural, statistical, graphical, and economic analysis. Results. The findings enabled to identify growth drivers for world’s cryptocurrency trading platforms. The growth primarily relates to the progressive development of the cryptocurrency market infrastructure. Other factors include the extended usage of stablecoins on the world’s biggest crypto exchanges. Conclusions. The paper provides a detailed consideration of changes in the cryptocurrency market development, which are divided into three main stages. The cryptocurrency community appreciates blockchain projects that have introduced new technologies. The most popular projects are implemented in the banking sector or used in the interaction between the cryptocurrency industry and traditional fiat currencies.

scholarly journals Cloud Computing Strategy and Impact in Banking/Financial Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prudhvi Parne
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
History Of Computing ◽  
Cloud Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Business Agility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trustworthy Service

With recent advances in technology, internet has drastically changed the computing world from the concept of parallel computing to distributed computing to grid computing and now to cloud computing. The evolution of cloud computing over the past few years is potentially one of the major advances in the history of computing. Unfortunately, many banks are still hesitant to adopt cloud technology. New technologies such as cloud and AI will have the biggest impacts on the banking industry. For banks and credit unions wanting to achieve greater business agility, cloud technology enables organizations to respond instantly to changing market conditions, leveraging data and applied analytics to achieve customer experience and operational productivity benefits. As a result, cloud computing comes in to provide a solution to such challenges making banking a reliable and trustworthy service. This paper aims at cloud computing strategy, impact in banking and financial institutions and discusses the significant reliance of cloud computing.

Blockchain Technology: Opportunities and Challenges for Small and Large Banks During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140001
Author(s):  
Grazia Dicuonzo ◽  
Francesca Donofrio ◽  
Antonio Fusco ◽  
Vittorio Dell’Atti
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Study Methodology

New technologies are assuming a prominent role in the transformation of economic and social systems and are capturing the interest of many businesses and international institutions. Blockchain is an emerging technology that is relevant in all sectors, as its applications can be adapted to multiple contexts with possible significant advantages for business. The ability to perform transactions without a central entity acting as a trust guarantor, typical of blockchain, offers the opportunity to rethink the way business processes are managed. Based on the case study methodology, this work aims to understand how blockchain could affect the business model in the banking sector and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the implementation of blockchain.

scholarly journals Frauds in scientific research and how to possibly overcome them

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106639
Author(s):  
Erik Boetto ◽  
Davide Golinelli ◽  
Gherardo Carullo ◽  
Maria Pia Fantini
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Current System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Trust System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Journal Policies

Frauds and misconduct have been common in the history of science. Recent events connected to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted how the risks and consequences of this are no longer acceptable. Two papers, addressing the treatment of COVID-19, have been published in two of the most prestigious medical journals; the authors declared to have analysed electronic health records from a private corporation, which apparently collected data of tens of thousands of patients, coming from hundreds of hospitals. Both papers have been retracted a few weeks later. When such events happen, the confidence of the population in scientific research is likely to be weakened. This paper highlights how the current system endangers the reliability of scientific research, and the very foundations of the trust system on which modern healthcare is based. Having shed light on the dangers of a system without appropriate monitoring, the proposed analysis suggests to strengthen the existing journal policies and improve the research process using new technologies supporting control activities by public authorities. Among these solutions, we mention the promising aspects of the blockchain technology which seems a promising solution to avoid the repetition of the mistakes linked to the recent and past history of research.

Girls’ Six-Player Basketball

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Schultz ◽  
Shelley Lucas
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
School Girls

This chapter focuses on a defunct version of high school girls' basketball known as “six-on-six” and how it expressed community identity in Iowa. Throughout the twentieth century, more than a million Iowa high school girls played the half-court, two-dribble version of basketball known as “six-on-six.” Originally conceived to accommodate girls and women's perceived physical limitations, six-on-six basketball often lent itself to fast-paced, high-scoring, crowd-rallying competitions. This chapter first provides a historical background on six-player basketball in Iowa before discussing how girls' six-on-six basketball has been relegated to the past, yet lives on in many places and memories, thanks in part to new technologies and understandings of community. It argues that the history of Iowa's six-player basketball is alive and thriving in alternative forms, citing the emergence of new, transitory communities to sustain its remembrance. The chapter considers two sites: a 2003 reunion game that gathered former players and supporters, and a Facebook page which fosters a virtual kinship of more than 7,000 members.

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE FINANCIAL SPHERE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Stepura
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Blockchain Technology

The constant demand of society to improve the speed and security of business processes is the driving force behind the emergence of new technologies and solutions, one of which is the blockchain. The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the essence of blockchain technology as an economic category. The object and subjects of the blockchain are defined, its inherent functions and principles are formed. The article also proposes an approach to the classification of blockchain types, all this allows a comprehensive approach to the study of the process of using blockchain technology in the financial sphere. The paper describes and reveals the blockchain process step by step. The process is described in a universal way, suitable for working with any projects based on a distributed database. The article provides examples of the use of blockchain technology in various areas of financial activity. In the banking sector, blockchain can improve the security and speed of domestic and international payments, and such payments will also be practically free for the parties. In insurance, the introduction of blockchain technology will help companies instantly exchange customer data, and the use of smart contracts will speed up the work with insurance policies. Thanks to the blockchain in accounting, information about transactions, contracts, etc. will be recorded in the general register in real time, so the verification of compliance with legal norms will occur automatically. This will significantly increase the operational efficiency of organizations. The use of blockchain in audit will make this process more transparent, and the time of its implementation will be significantly reduced due to reliable and up-to-date accounting records between counterparties. In the securities market, the blockchain will digitize securities, which will increase their liquidity, as well as help to better comply with the law, and will allow flexible transfer and accounting of ownership of such assets. In working with smart contracts, thanks to the code running on the blockchain, the contract can be executed automatically. At the end of the article, the conclusions are formed and the forecast of the development of the blockchain market for the coming years is given.

Industrial Archaeology

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Gordon ◽  
Patrick M. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Industrial Archaeology ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Record

The prominence of industry in the culture of the North Atlantic nations has provoked thoughtful people to ask penetrating questions about the roots of innovation and the social and environmental consequences of industrial technology. One cluster of questions, long of interest to scholars, focuses on how and by whom new technologies were created and how their selection, use, or rejection has been influenced by cultural values. In the past quarter century, the impact of technologies and industries on the environment has become a widespread concern among citizens of the industrialized nations. People are raising questions about the past and present uses of natural resources and how their availability influences economic growth. They are concerned about the consequences of releasing industrial wastes and effluents into the air and water. They are also exploring their personal experiences with mechanisms and technological devices—how these artifacts enter work, play, and art, and how they express cultural values. Because the field of the history of technology is relatively new, scholars have approached it within the framework of established disciplines. The work of historians with the written record and of economists with numerical data is securely established in the academic world. We would add to these the material record, the domain of the industrial archaeologist. Evidence from artifacts is particularly important for the study of workers (because the written record is sparse), of inventors (because much of the secondary literature simplifies the complexities of invention), and of the industrial landscape. To discover the texture of industry, we need to examine both the documentary and the material record; artifacts as well as documents must speak for the experiences ot past workers. An artifact, in the words of historian Brooke Hindle, is “a solid piece of the past in a way that no quotation can ever be.”' Students of industry must rely heavily on material evidence because few participants in industry left written records of their experiences and because some aspects of technology cannot be expressed effectively in words.

History of sterile compounding in U.S. hospitals: Learning from the tragic lessons of the past

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (16) ◽  
pp. 1414-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Leadership ◽  
Practitioner Education

Abstract Purpose The evolution of sterile compounding in the context of hospital patient care, the evolution of related technology, past incidents of morbidity and mortality associated with preparations compounded in various settings, and efforts over the years to improve compounding practices are reviewed. Summary Tightened United States Pharmacopeial Convention standards (since 2004) for sterile compounding made it difficult for hospitals to achieve all of the sterile compounding necessary for patient care. Shortages of manufactured injections added to the need for compounding. Non-hospital-based compounding pharmacies increased sterile compounding to meet the needs. Gaps in federal and state laws and regulations about compounding pharmacies led to deficiencies in their regulation. Lapses in sterility led to injuries and deaths. Perspectives offered include potential actions, including changes in practitioner education, better surveillance of sterile compounding, regulatory reforms, reexamination of the causes of drug shortages, and the development of new technologies. Conclusion Over the years, there have been numerous exhortations for voluntary better performance in sterile compounding. In addition, professional leadership has been vigorous and extensive in the form of guidance, publications, education, enforceable standards, and development of various associations and organizations dealing with safe compounding practices. Yet problems continue to occur. We must engage in diligent learning from the injuries and tragedies that have occurred. Assuming that we are already doing all we can to avoid problems would be an abdication of the professional mission of pharmacists. It would be wrong thinking to assume that the recent problems in large-scale compounding pharmacies are the only problems that warrant attention. It is time for a systematic assessment of the nature and the dimensions of the problems in every type of setting where sterile compounding occurs. It also is time for some innovative thinking about ensuring safety in sterile compounding.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies in the Russian Banking Sector: Main Features and Associated Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Natalia Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
New Information ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The present paper features Russian loan banks that use new information and digital banking technologies. The research involved various methodological approaches, including a systematic approach to the analysis of modern banks. The method of comparative analysis made it possible to interpret various indicators of the activities of loan banks. The method of dynamic analysis helped to identify the main trends in the development of the Russian banking sector. The research objective was to identify the main trends and key problems in the digitalization of the Russian banking sector and the risks that accompany the process. The author believes that digital technologies will increase the country's competitiveness and boost its economic development. Digital economy involves the introduction of new technologies in the banking sector, e.g. e-money, digital signature, contactless payment, blockchain technology, the Internet of things, etc. The usual approaches to customer service are being replaced by advanced practices, as the traditional bank is gradually turning into a multifunctional IT company. However, cyber risks are also growing, and their management requires new approaches.

scholarly journals Photo Filter Apps: Understanding Analogue Nostalgia in the New Media Ecology

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Caoduro
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Media Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Photo Sharing ◽  
History Of

As digital media have become more pervasive and entrenched in our daily routines, a nostalgic countertrend has increasingly valued the physical and tactile nature of the analogue image. In the past few years, technologically obsolete devices, such as lo-fi cameras and vinyl records, have not faded out of sight completely but are instead experiencing a comeback. At the same time, digital media capitalise on the nostalgia for the analogue and fetishise the retro aesthetics of old technologies. This article explores the emergence of photo filter and effect applications which allow users to modify digital photos, adding signifiers of age such as washed-out colours, scratches and torn borders. It is argued that these new technologies, with programs such as Instagram, Hipstamatic and Camera 360, bring back the illusory physicality of picture-taking through digital skeuomorphism. Drawing on media archaeology practice, this article interrogates the limits of the retro sensibility and the fetishisation of the past in the context of digital media, in particular by focusing on the case study of the start-up Instagram. This photo filter application neither merely stresses the twilight nature of photography nor represents the straightforward digital evolution of previous analogue features. Rather, it responds to the necessity to feel connected to the past by clear and valued signs of age, mimicking a perceived sense of loss. Faced with the persistent hipster culture and the newness of digital media, photo filter apps create comfortable memories, ageing pictures and adding personal value. As such, it will be argued that this phenomenon of nostalgia for analogue photography can be linked to the concepts of ritual and totem. By providing a critical history of Instagram as a photo-sharing social network, this article aims to explain new directions in the rapidly changing system of connective media.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Development and π-Type Trend of the Blockchain Research: A Collaborative Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sun Meng ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Dejian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Scientific Outputs

With the rapid growth of Internet technology, the blockchain has been developed fast in recent years with the wide expansions in finance, medicine, public welfare, and other fields. At the same time, the blockchain technology has also attracted researchers’ increasing attention, leading to a large number of scientific outputs that made significant contributions to blockchain research. However, few attempts can be found to investigate the development of blockchain based on the literature in this area. Therefore, this paper focuses on blockchain research by introducing bibliometric methods and comprehensively analyzes its status quo, emerging trends, and development path. Based on the above research, this paper draws two main conclusions. First, we made a comprehensive investigation of blockchain research in the past five years and then found that the main research directions in this area are Bitcoin, digital currency, and Fintech. Second, the development of blockchain research generally presents a trend of π-transformation based on the main path analysis. The above studies provide a brief view for beginners who want to learn blockchain research in a direct way and contribute to extend the theoretical foundation of blockchain research by giving a comprehensive bibliometric analysis.

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