scholarly journals Viability of carabao (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis) epididymal sperm from post mortem testes in semen extender at refrigerated temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lean Angelo B. San Diego ◽  
Marvin Bryan S. Salinas ◽  
Angelica C. Bumanlag ◽  
Marlon B. Ocampo ◽  
Lerma C. Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Excellent Source

Post mortem epididymal sperm (ES) is an excellent source of germplasm for conservation of animal genetic resources. In this study,  the viability of post mortem ES from carabao after collection at ambient temperature (AT) and after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at refrigeration temperature (RT) were evaluated. ES were collected through slicing of epididymides from 7 carabaos. The mean ES volume was 0.4 ml with sperm concentration of 2.5×109 cells/ml. The mean percentage livability of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 81.93%, 65.93% and 43.7%, respectively. The mean percentage abnormalities of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 44.15%, 38.5% and 43.47%, respectively. The mean percentage motility of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT were 60.0%, 50.0% and 17.24%, respectively, after analysis through conventional means. Through CASA, the mean percentage motility was observed to be lower significantly at 26.12%, 37.94% and 18.32% for fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr of storage at RT, respectively. The mean progressive motility of fresh ES, after 24 hr and 48 hr storage at RT were 10.02%, 16.47% and 10.87%, respectively. The results suggest that ES potential for use in fertilization studies remained viable when used immediately or after storage at RT for the first 24 hr.

The effects of Pb on sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation of men investigated for infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.U.S. Wijesekara ◽  
D.M.S. Fernando ◽  
S. Wijeratne
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pb Concentration

AbstractBackgroundLead (Pb) is one of the metals most prevalent in the environment and is known to cause infertility and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. This study aimed to determine the association between seminal plasma Pb and sperm DNA fragmentation in men investigated for infertility.MethodsMale partners (n = 300) of couples investigated for infertility were recruited after informed consent was obtained. Sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Seminal plasma Pb was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid.ResultsIn Pb-positive and -negative groups the sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared using independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and duration of infertility were 34.8 (5.34) years and 45.7 (35.09) months, respectively, and the mean Pb concentration was 15.7 μg/dL. In Pb positives compared to Pb negatives the means (SD) of sperm count, progressive motility viability and normal morphology were lower (p > 0.05) but the DNA fragmentation was significantly higher 39.80% (25.08) than Pb negatives 22.65% (11.30). Seminal plasma Pb concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation had a positive correlation (r = 0.38, p = 0.03). A negative correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and viability. When the DNA fragmentation was ≥30% sperm concentration and viability decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPb in seminal plasma had a significant effect on sperm DNA fragmentation but not with other sperm parameters.

9 BIRTH OF CALVES AFTER ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH CRYOPRESERVED BOVINE EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA HARVESTED FROM POSTMORTEM BULLS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Guerrero ◽  
G. Gentry ◽  
J. Saenz ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
R. A. Godke
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
The Mean

Recently, interest in the preservation of epididymal sperm as a potential source of valuable genes for genome resource banks has increased. The ability to recover and cryopreserve postmortem epididymal sperm will allow the use of valuable gametes from a breeding male that dies unexpectedly. The objective of this study was to produce pregnancies and live births from AI by using frozen–thawed bovine caudal epididymal sperm. Paired testes were obtained from mature, mixed-breed beef bulls (n = 3) from a local abattoir and transported to the laboratory (within 5 h postmortem) in a Styrofoam box at a temperature that ranged between 28 and 29°C. The mean ± SEM weights of the pair of testes and caudae epididymides were 345 ± 9g and 10 ± 2g, respectively. Epididymal sperm from each bull were harvested by multiple incisions from the caudae epididymides, pooled, and then rinsed with 4 mL of egg yolk Tris-glucose citric acid monohydrate extender (EYT-GC). Harvested sperm samples were placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for 4 h before the addition of cryoprotectant. Samples were diluted slowly over a period of 30 min 1:1 in EYT-GC extender containing 14% glycerol to obtain a final concentration of 7% glycerol. Sperm concentration was adjusted to 35 million/straw and loaded into previously cooled 0.5-mL plastic straws. Straws were placed 2 cm above liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapors for 10 min and then plunged into LN2. Sperm were stored for 1 year before thawing. Luteal-phase crossbred beef cows were synchronized with a single 25-mg injection (i.m.) of prostaglandin, and those displaying standing estrus (n = 6) were each inseminated with 1 straw by a single technician from 1 bull 12 to 18 h after the onset of standing estrus. Straws were thawed for AI in a 37°C water bath for 40 s. Three of the 6 cows inseminated (50%) were diagnosed as pregnant by transrectal ultrasonography at 45 days post-AI. All 3 pregnant cows (100%) delivered healthy singleton calves (2 males and 1 female, with an average birth weight of 37 ± 2.5 kg), resulting in a mean gestation length of 286 ± 1.9 days (range: 282–288 days). We can conclude that epididymal sperm can be extracted by 5 h postmortem from bull testes, frozen, and subsequently used for the production of live offspring from AI. Further research is needed to improve this technology to optimize the utilization of valuable bovine male gametes.

scholarly journals Analysis of seasonal variability of sperm donors’ semen parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Igor A. Korneyev ◽  
Ruslan D. Zasseev ◽  
Ol'ga B. Pashina ◽  
Ali E. Mamedov ◽  
Al'bert M. Dogov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. The concept of seasonal variability of sperm parameters is controversial. However, it should be considered during medical evaluation and solicitation of sperm donors. Aim. To evaluate seasonal variability of sperm parameters from anonymous sperm donors in a reproductive medicine center. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 1252 semen samples from 39 sperm donors (mean age 27.1 ± 3.9 years) in a reproductive medicine center in Saint Petersburg during the period from October 1, 2015 to October 1, 2017 was performed according to WHO 2010 recommendations. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility, and number of progressively motile sperm were analyzed. Results. Individual variability in semen parameters was high. The mean ejaculate volume in the summer months was higher than in the autumn, winter, and spring (t = 3.65, p < 0.001; t = 4.18, p < 0.0001; t = 1.92, p = 0.056 respectively). The lowest volume (2.83 ± 1.32 ml) was registered in January. The mean sperm concentration in summer was lower than in autumn, winter, and spring (t = 3.65, p < 0.001; t = 4.18, p < 0.0001; t = 1.92, p = 0.056 respectively). It was higher in winter than in spring and autumn (t = 2.54, p = 0.012; t = 1.72, p = 0.082 respectively). The highest mean sperm concentration was registered in January and the lowest in July (157.2 ± 46.6 and 131.9 ± 44.0 million sperm per ml, respectively). No significant seasonal differences were found in total sperm number, progressive motility, or number of progressively motile sperm (p > 0.1). Conclusions. The study suggests there is both individual and seasonal variability in sperm donors’ semen parameters. As several semen samples are needed to rate semen quality, we recommend that semen analysis for a potential sperm donor be performed in the summer months.

scholarly journals Paternal Smoking in Relation to Sperm Quality and intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
Houda Amor ◽  
Shelko Nyaz ◽  
Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The present study focused on tobacco smoke and its effect on semen parameters, sperm DNA quality (compaction and fragmentation) and clinical outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) therapy Materials and Methods: The semen samples were divided according to smoking status into the following 2 groups, 98 heavy-smokers (G1) and 43 non-smokers (G2). Semen was prepared and purified using the PureSperm gradients according to the WHO guidelines 2010. Protamine deficiency (CMA3 positivity) was assessed by chromomycin CMA3 staining and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) by TUNEL assay. Results: The mean concentration and the total motility were significantly higher in G2 in comparison to G1 (P=0.014, and P=0.026 respectively) and the results were similar for the mean percent of the progressive motility and normal morphology (P=0.0001). CMA3+ and sDF in G2 were significantly lower in comparison to G1 (20.35 ± 13.34% vs. 33.30 ± 22.33%, P=0.001; 14.23 ± 13.07% vs. 26.68 ± 19.77%, P=0.0001). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the ICSI outcomes, except for the pregnancy rate, which was significantly higher in G2 than in G1 (0.60 ± 0.49% vs. 0.38 ± 0.48%; P=0.013). In G1, CMA3+ correlated negatively with sperm concentration (r=-0.233, P=0.021) but positively with sDF (r=0.484, P=0.0001). In G2, sDF correlated negatively with progressive motility and morphologically normal spermatozoa (r=-0.304, p=0.047; r=-0.361, P=0.017 respectively). Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that tobacco smoking altered sperm parameters and later affected the pregnancy results in ICSI therapy. CMA3 and TUNEL tests are therefore useful as a supplementary test before any ART treatment to ensure a good prognosis.

105 ALTERING SEMEN EXTENDER AND GLYCEROL CONCENTRATION TO OPTIMIZE RESULTS AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION OF EQUINE SPERMATOZOA

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aceves ◽  
J. Scherzer ◽  
L. Ray ◽  
G. Heusner ◽  
R. A. Fayrer-Hosken
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Semen Extender

After cryopreservation, spermatozoa from many stallions may have a lower capacity to fertilize an oocyte than fresh or cooled semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate a standard panel of semen extenders and varied concentrations of the cryoprotective agent (glycerol) to optimize sperm survival rates after cryopreservation. Semen was collected from Quarter Horse stallions (n = 3) from March to May 2006 (6 collections per stallion). Semen was filtered immediately after collection, and sample volume and sperm concentration were measured. A drop of raw semen was placed on two prewarmed slides to estimate the percentage of progressively motile sperm. The semen sample was then diluted to 100 � 106 spermatozoa/mL with a dried skim milk glucose extender (EZ Mixin Original Formula; ARS, Chino, CA, USA) or a chemically defined, milk-free diluent (INRA 96; IMV, Maple Grove, MN, USA). After 1 h of slow cooling and equilibration to 4�C, semen samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 400g. A defined volume of supernatant was removed, so that a concentration of 1000 � 106 spermatozoa/mL was obtained after resuspension of the sperm pellet. A 150-�L aliquot of semen was then added to specified quantities of the same semen extender used after semen collection and cryopreservation medium (Cryoguard�; Minitube, Verona, WI, USA) to obtain final glycerol concentrations of 2, 3, and 4%. This also gave a concentration of 100 � 106 spermatozoa/mL. After equilibration for 1 h at 4�C, spermatozoa were loaded into 0.5-mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. After 10 min, straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen. Semen was thawed at 37�C for 30 s and evaluated as prior to cryopreservation. Mean total semen volumes were 56, 11, and 60 mL in the 3 stallions. Their respective mean sperm concentrations were 124 � 106, 505 � 106, and 161 � 106 sperm/mL, respectively. Mean percentages of progressively motile sperm prior to cryopreservation were 64, 89, and 72%, respectively. With the paired Student&apos;s t-test, percentages of progressively motile sperm after cryopreservation were evaluated with respect to semen extender and concentration of glycerol used. Mean overall progressive motility of spermatozoa after cryopreservation differed significantly between the two extenders and was 46% for INRA 96 and 35% for EZ Mixin OF (P &lt; 0.001). Using EZ Mixin OF as semen extender, the best mean post-thaw progressive motility was achieved with 4% glycerol (39%) and differed significantly from that with 2% glycerol (32%; P &lt; 0.01). When INRA 96 was used (49% for 4%, and 42% for 2% glycerol), there was no difference. This results provide evidence that, during freezing of equine spermatozoa, there is a significant effect of the semen extender and the concentration of the cryoprotectant on post-thaw sperm motility. We therefore suggest mini-freezing trials prior to freezing large numbers of sperm to find the semen extender and glycerol concentration that provides optimal survival rates.

scholarly journals The potential role of central obesity in male infertility: body mass index versus waist to hip ratio as they relate to selected semen parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Keszthelyi ◽  
V. Anna Gyarmathy ◽  
András Kaposi ◽  
Zsolt Kopa
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Semen Parameter ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Little is known about the potential role of central obesity among men. Our first aim was to confirm what is already known from prior research, namely that both BMI and WHR are inversely associated with selected semen parameters. Our second aim was to examine the potential role of central obesity by assessing if there was a difference between BMI and WHR regarding their relationships to these selected semen parameters. Methods In this cross-sectional study between January 2011 to January 2018, we analyzed semen samples from 1169 patients who visited an andrology clinic in Budapest for infertility reasons. Variables assessed were: body measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference), and the results of semen analysis (sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology). Results The mean height and weight were 180.6 cm and 87.3 kg, respectively – the mean BMI was 26.8. The mean waist and hip circumferences were 100.9 cm and 94.8 cm, respectively – the mean waist to hip ratio was 0.94. The mean sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percents of progressive motility and normal morphology were 48.7 M/ml, 165 million, 21.2, and 4.8%, respectively. Both BMI and WHR were significant correlates in all semen parameter regression models. When comparing the parameter estimates for BMI with those for WHR for each semen parameter, the parameter estimate for WHR was significantly lower (indicating a stronger negative association) than that for BMI for progressive motility and total sperm count, but not for normal morphology or concentration. Conclusions Our study is the first to examine, using a large patient sample, the potential role of central obesity by comparing the difference between BMI and WHR as they relate to selected semen parameters. Our findings indicate a potential role of central obesity for progressive motility and total sperm count, but not for normal morphology and concentration. Despite the limitations and the exploratory nature of this study, we can conclude that our results point to a potential role of central obesity in male infertility, but this finding should be confirmed and further explored in future research. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively authorized after the data collection on September 24, 2018. Registration number: SE RKEB: 169/2018.

scholarly journals Unilateral testicular degeneration in dogs: Effects on spermatozoal characteristics, testis and cauda epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Chike Fidelis Oguejiofor ◽  
Kenneth Orji Anya ◽  
Nnaemeka Kingsley Ogbanya
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Testicular Degeneration

Testicular degeneration is an important cause of poor fertility in dogs, but there is little knowledge on its effects on spermatozoa in affected dogs. The study investigated the specific effects of unilateral testicular degeneration (UTD) on spermatozoal characteristics in the testis and epididymis. Ten sexually mature Nigerian indigenous breed of dogs, comprising 5 normal dogs and 5 dogs with UTD were used for the study. The testis and epididymis were removed via orchidectomy for morphological and histopathological evaluation. Sperm in the testis and cauda epididymis were analysed. The samples were grouped into four as N1 (normal right testis), N2 (normal left testis), ND (non-degenerated testis in UTD dogs), and D (degenerated testis in UTD dogs). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. There were significant decreases (p<0.001) in testes weight, length, width and volume, and the gonado-somatic index in the D testes compared to the contralateral ND and the N groups. The D group also had significantly lowered epididymal sperm total and progressive motility, viability and concentration (p<0.001), and a decreased testicular sperm  concentration (p<0.01). Moreover, there was a decreased percentage (p<0.001) of morphologically normal sperm, with increased prevalence of  sperm abnormalities in the D group compared to the other groups. In comparison with the N groups, the ND group had a significantly lowered (p<0.05) epididymal sperm progressive motility, with increased percentage (p<0.01) of sperm with proximal cytoplasmic droplets and looped tails. The findings demonstrated that UTD in dogs adversely affected spermatozoa in the testis and cauda epididymis. There was also evidence of compromised spermatozoa in the epididymis contralateral to the degenerated testis. Keywords: Canine; Epididymis; Spermatozoa; Testicular atrophy; Testicular degeneration

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

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