scholarly journals Fasulye Bakteriyel Adi Yanıklık Hastalığına Karşı Farklı Bakırlı Bileşiklerin Etkililiği

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743
Author(s):  
Metin Balçık ◽  
Kubilay Kurtulus Baştaş
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Copper Compounds ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Production Areas

Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli is the most destructive bacterial disease affecting all bean varieties in production areas. In this study, the effectiveness of different copper preparations against CBB disease on dry beans of Alberto variety, which are widely grown in Konya and Afyonkarahisar provinces with different climatic characteristics, were investigated. In field conditions, after 5-week-old bean plants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension of 108 CFU mL-1 of high virulent Xap k133 isolate, and subsequently twice every with 5 days intervals after inoculation, copper hydroxide, copper sulphate pentahydrate, copper oxychloride + copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride were applied at the doses recommended by the manufacturers. Disease severity (%) and disease score were evaluated using the 0-9 scale, and the effectiveness of the chemicals was compared with the control plants sprayed with water and determined with the help of the Abbott formula. According to the statistical data obtained, the most effective copper compound was determined by the application of copper oxychloride with 42.59-47.25% efficiency rates, copper sulphate pentahydrate had the lowest efficiency with about 7.69-12.96%. In addition to the negative effects of excessive use of copper in agriculture on the environment and human health, copper-resistant strains develops in bacterial pathogens. In order to determine the most effective copper compounds against CBB disease in dry beans in our country, the effectiveness of used as common compounds have been investigated for the first time and an organic and environmentally friendly sustainable bean production is revealed by using less copper.

scholarly journals First Report of Pink Seed of Common Bean Caused by Erwinia rhapontici

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. S. Erickson ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
T. F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Esculin Hydrolysis ◽  
Erwinia Rhapontici ◽  
Pink Pigment

In 2001, a new disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkh. was detected in seed samples from southern Alberta, Canada. Infected seeds had pink or pinkish-brown lesions on the seed coat. The disease was found in great northern (cv. US1140), pink (cv. Viva), and pinto (cv. Othello) beans at low (<0.1%) frequencies. Isolation from surface-sterilized pink seeds resulted in bacterial cultures, which produced a water-soluble pink pigment on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Seven isolates were tested for physiological characteristics using conventional tests (1) and API 50CHE test strips (bioMérieux Canada, St. Laurent, Quebec), and tested for cellular fatty acids using the MIDI system (Newark, DE). All isolates were gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic rods with mucoid colonies and produced a pink pigment on PDA. They were positive for citrate utilization, catalase, methyl red, and Voges-Proskauer, and negative for arginine dihydrolase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, urease, gelatin liquification, indole production, oxidase, and gas production. Fatty acid profiles matched with E. rhapontici (approximately 30% each 16:0 and 16:1 ω7c/15:0 iso 2OH; 12% 18:1 ω7c: 8% each 17:0 cyclo and 14:0 3OH/16:1 iso; 4 to 5% each 12:0 and 14:0). Isolates were positive for acid production from: N-acetyl glucosamine, l-arabinose, amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin (hydrolysis), d-fructose, d-fucose, d-galactose, β-gentiobiose, d-glucose, glycerol, i-myo-inositol, lactose, maltose, d-mannitol, d-mannose, melibiose, d-raffinose, l-rhamnose, ribose, salicin, d-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and d-xylose. These results match published results for E. rhapontici (4). For pathogenicity tests, each isolate was inoculated in 30 pods from six bean plants (cv. US1140) as described for pink seed of peas (2). Each pod was inoculated with 0.1 ml of bacterial suspension, approximately 109 CFU/ml, by injection through the mid-rib at the basal end. The same number of uninoculated and water-inoculated pods served as controls. Plants were kept in the greenhouse (20 ± 5°C) for 4 weeks, after which isolations were done as described above. In duplicate experiments, all isolates caused lesions on pods extending up to 5 cm from the inoculation point with corresponding discoloration of seeds. The frequency of infected seeds varied among isolates, ranging from 20 to 50%. E. rhapontici was reisolated from seeds with lesions, but not asymptomatic seeds. The study concludes that pink seed of common bean is due to E. rhapontici, a pathogen previously reported on peas in Alberta, Canada (2), and Montana (3). References: (1) D. J. Brenner. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol.1, Williams and Wilkens, Baltimore, MD, 1984. (2) H. C. Huang et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 12:445, 1990. (3) B. K. Schroeder et al. Plant Dis. 86:188, 2002. (4) L. Verdonck et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:4, 1987.

scholarly journals The effect of copper on the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat insecticide on kiwifruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
D.B. Horgan ◽  
R.E. Gaskin
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Commercial Copper ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Spray Applications

Spirotetramat (Movento) is a systemic insecticide that is used to control scale insects on kiwifruit The use of protectant copper sprays on kiwifruit has become increasingly common due to the bacterial disease Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae This study investigated the interaction of copper with spirotetramat and how it influenced the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat within the plant Movento 100SC sprays should not be tank with copper sprays because the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat is likely to be compromised These negative effects were minimised when an organosilicone/organic fluid blend adjuvant (DuWett) was included in the tank mix Preand post spray applications of copper at least 1 week either side of spirotetramat applications are unlikely to significantly affect the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat and thus have any effect on its activity There were no marked differences between two commercial copper formulations in their effects on spirotetramat uptake but minor differences in translocation were observed

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

scholarly journals Deposit of pesticides without and with adjuvants on citrus seedlings following different intervals of artificial rain

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Augusto Decaro ◽  
Sergio Tadeu Decaro Junior ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
Citrus Leaves

ABSTRACT: For a crop protection product to achieve its goal, the product must be applied and remain on the leaves until it is absorbed. This situation may be compromised due to rainfall after spraying, thus necessitating reapplication which increase the overall cost. Application technology research has focused on alternatives and solutions to mitigate this effect through the use of adjuvants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the deposit of spraying liquid on citrus seedlings using the products spirodiclofen, propargite, imidacloprid, lambda cyhalothrin, copper oxychloride, and copper hydroxide with water mixed with the adjuvants polydimethylsiloxane and phosphatidylcholine. Seedlings were subjected to simulated rains of 10mm at intervals of 1, 6, 12 and 24h after spraying, and the remaining deposits of spraying liquid per leaf area were analyzed by spectrophotometry by assessing a metallic marker previously added in the spraying liquids. Variables were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P&lt;0.05). The rains that occurred soon after spraying resulted in decreased spraying liquids deposits on citrus leaves. Adjuvant phosphatidylcholine promoted the greatest retention of spraying liquid on citrus leaves after rainfall.

Experiments in the control of Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. and Curt.) M.B. Ellis by fungicides

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Janes
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Facial Eczema

Fungicides were tested for their capacity to control Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. and Curt.), M. B. Ellis, the fungus causing a liver damage and facial eczema in sheep. The tests measured spore germination on filter paper and spore production on perennial ryegrass litter sprayed with the fungicides. In laboratory experiments the following fungicides showed promise : phenyl mercuric salicylanilide, captan, ziram, sodium orthophenyl phenate, thiram, salicylanilide, didlone, maneb, N-para tolyl dichloromaleimide, and a mixed difhiocarbamic acid oxidation product. Copper sulphate, copper oxychloride, and cuprous oxide were not promising. The first five chemicals, plus copper sulphate and copper oxychloride, were also tested in the glasshouse, and did not give control.

scholarly journals The effect of several stress conditions and growth regulators on photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the bean plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strack ◽  
R. Karwowska ◽  
E. Kraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Bean Plants

Studies were performed on young bean plants, grown in water culture. The effect of salt stress, X-flays and flooding on growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates was investigated. Salt stress (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), especially at - 4.5 atm. of water potential, depressed all the mentioned processes, but most dramatically - photosynthesis. Export of photosynthetes from the blades decreased. Salt stress not only reduced the rate of translocation, but also influenced the pattern of <sup>14</sup>C-distoibution, especially inhibited transport to apical part, with growth seriously retarded. Gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>, 100 ppm sprayed on leaves) counteracted the negative effects caused by salinization, but did not affected either photosynthesis, or translocation in plants from normal nutrient solution. The conclusion may be advanced, that salt stress disturbed the balance of plant hormones especially gibberellins, which probably participate in. regulation of assimilate translocation.

Molecular detection and quantification of Xanthomonas albilineans in juice from symptomless sugarcane stalks using a real-time quantitative PCR assay

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shi ◽  
Jian-Ying Zhao ◽  
Jing-Ru Zhou ◽  
Mbuya Sylvain Ntambo ◽  
Peng-Yuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Albilineans ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Leaf scald, a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson, is a major limiting factor for sugarcane production worldwide. Accurate identification and quantification of X. albilineans is a prerequisite for successful management of this disease. A very sensitive and robust qPCR assay was developed in this study for detection and quantification of X. albilineans using TaqMan probe and primers targeting a putative adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene (abc). The novel qPCR assay was highly specific to the 43 tested X. albilineans strains belonging to different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) groups. The detection thresholds were 100 copies/µL of plasmid DNA, 100 fg/µL of bacterial genomic DNA, and 100 CFU/ml of bacterial suspension prepared from pure culture. This qPCR assay was 100 times more sensitive than a conventional PCR assay. The pathogen was detected by qPCR in 75.1% (410/546) symptomless stalk samples, whereas only 28.4% (155/546) samples tested positive by conventional PCR. Based on qPCR data, population densities of X. albilineans in symptomless stalks of the same varieties differed between two sugarcane production areas in China, Beihai (Guangxi province) and Zhanjiang (Guangdong province), and no significant correlation between these populations was identified. Furthermore, no relationship was found between these populations of the pathogen in asymptomatic stalks and the resistance level of the sugarcane varieties to leaf scald. The newly developed qPCR assay proved to be highly sensitive and reliable for the detection and quantification of X. albilineans in sugarcane stalks.

scholarly journals Reduction of surface runoff on sloped agricultural land in potato cultivation in de-stoned soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Daniel Vejchar ◽  
Josef Vacek ◽  
David Hájek ◽  
Jiří Bradna ◽  
Pavel Kasal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Surface Water Runoff

Regarding the increased surface runoff from production areas, wide-row crops grown on slopes are considered risk crops. By reducing the surface runoff, it is possible to mitigate the negative effects on both the soil and the plants and positively influence the subsequent production, e.g., after application of de-stoning before planting. During this research, the tied ridging method was applied during planting by a two-row planter in both central and tractor trail furrows in potato rows and on the slope of 8.8% compared to a control plot without this treatment. Rainfall and surface water runoff were monitored, and the crop yields were compared. During three monitored years, up to 86% of the runoff water in the central furrows was saved compared to the control, whereas it was up to 72% in the wider furrows for tractor travel. The total yield was increased on the treated area, however, the increase could not be statistically proven.

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