scholarly journals Non-drinking water self-sufficiency of residential buildings utilizing rainwater harvesting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
A. Latos
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Self Sufficiency

scholarly journals Optimization of Costs and Self-Sufficiency for Roof Integrated Photovoltaic Technologies on Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Valeria Todeschi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The South ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies

It is common practice, in the production of photovoltaic energy to only use the south-exposed roof surface of a building, in order to achieve the maximum production of solar energy while lowering the costs of the energy and the solar technologies. However, using the south-exposed surface of a roof only allows a small quota of the energy demand to be covered. Roof surfaces oriented in other directions could also be used to better cover the energy load profile. The aim of this work is to investigate the benefits, in terms of costs, self-sufficiency and self-consumption, of roof integrated photovoltaic technologies on residential buildings with different orientations. A cost-optimal analysis has been carried out taking into account the economic incentives for a collective self-consumer configuration. It has emerged, from this analysis, that the better the orientation is, the higher the energy security and the lower the energy costs and those for the installation of photovoltaic technologies. In general, the use of south-facing and north-facing roof surfaces for solar energy production has both economic and energy benefits. The self-sufficiency index can on average be increased by 8.5% through the use of photovoltaic installations in two directions on gable roofs, and the maximum level that can be achieved was on average 41.8, 41.5 and 35.7% for small, medium and large condominiums, respectively. Therefore, it could be convenient to exploit all the potential orientations of photovoltaic panels in cities to improve energy security and to provide significant economic benefits for the residential users.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting as a Drinking Water Option for Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Gispert ◽  
María Hernández ◽  
Enrique Climent ◽  
María Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
The University

Mexico City is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world; poor quality water occurs in several parts of the City. The use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a source of drinking water is gaining acceptance in several contexts, but the quality of the water obtained through these systems has not been sufficiently studied. This manuscript presents the results of water quality tests from samples taken in each component of an RWH system, installed by Isla Urbana at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), southern Mexico City. The RWH system culminates with a drinking fountain which supplies water for the students, and other members of the university community. Samples were retrieved from August 2014 to November 2015, approximately once per month. Results showed that with an adequate operation of the RWH system the major ions, fluoride, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, nitrate, and total coliforms comply with national standards and international guidelines for drinking water. Thus, RWH constitutes a viable option for providing good quality water in a megacity that will become increasingly water-stressed due to climate change.

scholarly journals Impacts of Salinity Intrusion in Community Health: A Review of Experiences on Drinking Water Sodium from Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashura Shammi ◽  
Md. Rahman ◽  
Serene Bondad ◽  
Md. Bodrud-Doza
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Impacts

Increasing salt intake has substantial negative impacts on human health and well-being. This article focused on the construction of Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework for drinking water sodium (DWS) followed by a review on the published studies regarding salinity intrusion, DWS, and their effects on health perspectives in Bangladesh. Saline water is an important factor for hypertension or high blood pressure in the coastal areas. DWS can also lead women, especially pregnant women, to an increased risk of (pre)eclampsia, hypertension, as well as infant mortality. Several interventions, such as rainwater harvesting, pond sand filter (PSF) system, managed aquifer recharge (MAR), and pilot scale solar-powered desalination plants, such as reverse osmosis (RO), were reviewed on the context of their effectiveness in controlling drinking water sodium. Although rainwater consumption has the positive impact of low or no sodium intake, it still possesses negative impacts from not having vital minerals. A steady increment in sodium concentration through the span of the dry season was observed in MAR. It is, subsequently, important to increase awareness on DWS intake by providing and adopting correct technological interventions and training communities on the maintenance of the adaptive measures.

scholarly journals Shared Solar and Battery Storage Configuration Effectiveness for Reducing the Grid Reliance of Apartment Complexes

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moiz Masood Syed ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison ◽  
James Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Apartment Complexes

More than 2 million houses in Australia have installed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems; however, apartment buildings have adopted a low percentage of solar PV and battery storage installations. Given that grid usage reduction through PV and battery storage is a primary objective in most residential buildings, apartments have not yet fully benefited from installations of such systems. This research presents shared microgrid configurations for three apartment buildings with PV and battery storage and evaluates the reduction in grid electricity usage by analyzing self-sufficiency. The results reveal that the three studied sites at White Gum Valley achieved an overall self-sufficiency of more than 60%. Owing to the infancy of the shared solar and battery storage market for apartment complexes and lack of available data, this study fills the research gap by presenting preliminary quantitative findings from implementation in apartment buildings.

scholarly journals Comparison of Performance-Assessment Methods for Residential PV Battery Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5529
Author(s):  
Fabian Niedermeyer ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Battery Systems ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
High System

Declining costs for high-performance batteries are leading to a global increased use of storage systems in residential buildings. Especially in conjunction with reduced photovoltaic (PV) feed-in tariffs, a large market has been developed for PV battery systems to increase self-sufficiency. They differ in the type of coupling between PV and battery, the nominal capacities of their components, and their degree of integration. High system performance is particularly important to achieve profitability for the operator. This paper presents and evaluates methods for a uniform determination of PV battery system performance. Already the requirement analysis reveals that a performance comparison of PV battery systems must cover the efficiency and effectiveness during system operation. A method based on a derivation of key performance indicators (KPIs) for these two criteria through an application test is proposed. It is evaluated by comparison to other methods, such as the System Performance Index (SPI) and aggregation of conversion and storage efficiency. These methods are applied with five systems in a laboratory test bench to identify their advantages and drawbacks. Here, a particular focus is on compliance with the initially formulated requirements in terms of both test procedures and KPI derivations. Analysis revealed that the proposed method addresses these requirements well, and is beneficial in terms of result comprehensibility and KPI validity.

Rainwater harvesting solar pasteurization treatment systems for the provision of an alternative water source in peri-urban informal settlements

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Sehaam Khan ◽  
Wesaal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Alternative Water

Solar pasteurization systems are able to reduce microbial contamination in rainwater to within drinking water guidelines and thereby provide households in informal settlements and rural areas with an alternative water source.

scholarly journals Net-Metering Compared to Battery-Based Electricity Storage in a Single-Case PV Application Study Considering the Lithuanian Context

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Joanna Aleksiejuk-Gawron ◽  
Saulė Milčiuvienė ◽  
Julija Kiršienė ◽  
Enrique Doheijo ◽  
Diego Garzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
National Networks

Further increases in the number of photovoltaic installations in industry and residential buildings will require technologically and economically flexible energy storage solutions. Some countries utilize net-metering strategies, which use national networks as “virtual batteries.” Despite the financial attractiveness, net-metering faces many technological and economical challenges. It could also lead to the negative tendencies in prosumer behavior, such as a decrease in motivation for the self-consumption of photovoltaic (PV)-generated electricity. Batteries, which are installed on the prosumer’s premises, could be a solution in a particular case. However, the price for battery-based storage solutions is currently sufficiently unattractive for the average prosumer. This paper aimed to present a comparison of the economic and energy related aspects between net-metering and batteries for a single case study by considering the Lithuanian context. The net present value, degree of self-sufficiency, internal rate of return, payback time, and quantified reduction of carbon emission were calculated using a specially developed Prosumer solution simulation tool (Version 1.1, Delloite, Madrid, Spain) for both the PV and net-metering and PV and batteries cases. The received results highlight that the battery-based energy storage systems are currently not an attractive alternative in terms of price where net-metering is available; a rather radical decrease in the installation price for batteries is required.

Characteristics of Ion Release from Building Materials during Rainwater Harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3522-3528
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zhang ◽  
Ya Xiong Deng ◽  
Zhan Qin Lei ◽  
Wei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Materials Used

In the past two decade, the Chinese government has paid a huge effort to solve the problem of drinking water in remote rural. As an alterative success case, rainwater harvesting and utility has been the most efficient way to supplying fresh water in rural areas of the Loess Plateau, a typical water resources serious shortage area in China. Focused on improving the quality of the rural village cistern water, study about the characteristics of ion release from building materials during runoff process with five representative materials used for rainwater collection: concrete, red brick, grey tile, red tile and soil was conducted. The ion releasing process and following effect on cistern water quality index, such as hardness, pH, conductivity, has been analyzed. Results revealed that the most release strength of different materials was arriving at 30s following startup. Furthermore, the test of effects of rain acidity on ion release procession showed that the total ion release increased with storm water pH declining, however, the release strength was irrelevance with runoff’s pH. Based on research results, a detailed suggestion was provided to renovate intake construction of cistern for improving the drinking water quality in remote rural areas of Weibei Semi-arid District.

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