scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting as a Drinking Water Option for Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Gispert ◽  
María Hernández ◽  
Enrique Climent ◽  
María Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
The University

Mexico City is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world; poor quality water occurs in several parts of the City. The use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a source of drinking water is gaining acceptance in several contexts, but the quality of the water obtained through these systems has not been sufficiently studied. This manuscript presents the results of water quality tests from samples taken in each component of an RWH system, installed by Isla Urbana at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), southern Mexico City. The RWH system culminates with a drinking fountain which supplies water for the students, and other members of the university community. Samples were retrieved from August 2014 to November 2015, approximately once per month. Results showed that with an adequate operation of the RWH system the major ions, fluoride, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, nitrate, and total coliforms comply with national standards and international guidelines for drinking water. Thus, RWH constitutes a viable option for providing good quality water in a megacity that will become increasingly water-stressed due to climate change.

scholarly journals Epidemic Situation in Ukraine Related to the Quality of Drinking Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Sanitation Systems

70 outbreaks of severe enteric infections were registered among the population in 19 administrative territories in Ukraine over the past 17 years. The source of infection was poor-quality water. A total of 8265 people acquired an infection, 4140 of them were children. Most outbreaks were related to the piped water contaminated by rotaviruses, as a result of emergencies in the water supply and sanitation systems.

scholarly journals Scarcity of Drinking Water in Taihu Lake Basin, China: A Case Study of Yixing City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Lou ◽  
Wenrui Huang ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Guihui Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Taihu Lake Basin ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

: Water use has been growing globally at more than twice the rate of the population increase over the last century. Water scarcity is one of the main problems facing the world, especially the scarcity of clean and safe drinking water. Scarcity of drinking water is not only relevant in arid or semiarid regions, but also occurs in water-rich regions due to the decline in water quantity caused by pollution or salinity intrusion. As a part of Taihu Lake Basin, a famous water-rich region in China, Yixing City has a total area of 1996.6 km2, including 242.29 km2 from Taihu Lake, 215 rivers with an area of 130 km2, more than 20 ponds with an area of 0.05 km2, and 20 reservoirs with a total capacity of 126 million m3. There always has enough water in Yixing City. However, meteorological conditions and water quality both affect the available drinking water sources. Poor-quality water was used as a drinking water source in Yixing City during a drought event in 2011. Approximately 1.4 × 107 m3 of poor-quality water was used for drinking water in Yixing city, providing 37.13% of the total drinking water. It was a source of concern that the water quality was too poor to be used as drinking water and that the water treatment processes were expensive. The scarcity of drinking water has become a serious issue, not only in arid and semiarid regions but also in water towns such as Taihu Lake Basin, and this issue requires society’s attention. Many measures should be taken to relieve the drinking water shortage, such as seeking new drinking water sources, protecting the current water source areas, controlling pollution emissions, and implementing effective water resource management.

scholarly journals Initial growth and tolerance of melon cultivars under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Erbia Bressia Gonçalves Araujo ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Fernanda Andrade de Oliveira ◽  
Lauter Silva Souto ◽  
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The melon crop is normally developed in semiarid regions, where water resources are limited. This scarcity of water is a strong stressor on the crops, and requires the supplementation of existing water supplies with poor quality water, especially saline water. This can impede the growth and production of plants; however, the use of tolerant genotypes may minimize this problem. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was developed at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal Campus, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to study the emergence, initial growth, and tolerance of melon cultivars irrigated with waters of different salt content. We studied three melon cultivars (Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo) irrigated with five levels of saline water (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; and 3.0 dS m-1), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The plants seeds were monitored for 30 days after sowing, and at 30 days the growth and salinity tolerance index was evaluated. Cultivar Halles Best Jumbo was the most tolerant to saline water during initial stage of growth, while the Gaucho Redondo was more sensitive to salinity. It was found that saline waters up to 1.8 dS m-1 were suitable for irrigation of melon plants round Gaucho and waters up to 2.4 dS m-1 could be used for irrigation of Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo crops during the initial growth phase.

Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Compost in Reclamation of Saline-sodic Soil Irrigated with Poor Quality Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Sundha ◽  
Nirmalendu Basak ◽  
Arvind Kumar Rai ◽  
Rajender Kumar Yadav ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

Improving Plant Efficiency While Optimizing Water Use in Simple and Combined Cycle Power Plants

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Demakos
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Closed-loop, evaporative cooling systems (Wet Surface Air Coolers) are a cost-effective heat transfer technology (for cooling and condensing) in simple and combined cycle power plants that also optimize use of scarce water resources. In addition to providing lower outlet temperatures and requiring less space and horsepower (HP), the WSAC can use poor quality water as spray makeup.

Power Savings in Simple and Combined Cycle Power Plants Using Closed-Loop, Evaporative Cooling Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

Closed-loop, evaporative cooling systems are a cost-effective heat transfer technology in simple and combined cycle power plants. Utilizing proven technology, a closed-loop, evaporative cooler provides lower outlet temperatures, uses less plot space, and offers the ability to use poor quality water along with requiring significantly lower parasitic energy usage.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance Turfgrass: History and Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Potential Use

Land and water resources are becoming scarce and are insufficient to sustain the burgeoning population. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting agricultural productions across the world. Cultivation of salt-tolerant turfgrass species may be promising option under such conditions where poor quality water can also be used for these crops. Coastal lands in developing countries can be used to grow such crops, and seawater can be used for irrigation of purposes. These plants can be grown using land and water unsuitable for conventional crops and can provide food, fuel, fodder, fibber, resin, essential oils, and pharmaceutical products and can be used for landscape reintegration. There are a number of potential turfgrass species that may be appropriate at various salinity levels of seawater. The goal of this review is to create greater awareness of salt-tolerant turfgrasses, their current and potential uses, and their potential use in developing countries. The future for irrigating turf may rely on the use of moderate- to high-salinity water and, in order to ensure that the turf system is sustainable, will rely on the use of salt-tolerant grasses and an improved knowledge of the effects of salinity on turfgrasses.

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