scholarly journals Stochastic Shortest Path with Adversarially Changing Costs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviv Rosenberg ◽  
Yishay Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Shortest Path ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Transition Function ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Stochastic Shortest Path ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Regret Bounds ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Stochastic shortest path (SSP) is a well-known problem in planning and control, in which an agent has to reach a goal state in minimum total expected cost. In this paper we present the adversarial SSP model that also accounts for adversarial changes in the costs over time, while the underlying transition function remains unchanged. Formally, an agent interacts with an SSP environment for K episodes, the cost function changes arbitrarily between episodes, and the transitions are unknown to the agent. We develop the first algorithms for adversarial SSPs and prove high probability regret bounds of square-root K assuming all costs are strictly positive, and sub-linear regret in the general case. We are the first to consider this natural setting of adversarial SSP and obtain sub-linear regret for it.

scholarly journals IPTEKS PERENCANAAN LABA KONTRIBUSI PADA USAHA MANUFAKTUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Novi Swandari Budiarso ◽  
Winston Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The manufacturing firms have implicit and explicit goals and objectives. In order to achieve these goal and objective then manager needs accounting information. The accounting information created and used by management is intended primarily for planning and control decisions. One of the accounting information is cost accounting that can be used as a tool for planning the profit as the objective of the companies. Manufacturing costs are identified as variable costs or fixed costs under cost behavior analysis. Regression analysis is the one of the cost estimation methods in term to estimate the fixed costs and variable costs where the results of estimation are used to calculate the contribution margin.

scholarly journals A simulation model of inventory stock usage and its adequacy assessment for aircraft

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Chepko ◽  
S.A. Serebryanskiy ◽  
D.V. Bogomolov ◽  
M.V. Trofimchuk ◽  
I.V. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Availability Factor ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Adequacy Assessment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The paper focuses on the main components of the logistics planning process and justifies the connection between the qualitative planning of the required number of units and the availability factor of aircraft. We consider the potential of simulation modeling as applied to the study of the complex systems behavior, and substantiate the application of such modeling in the inventory planning and control system for the operation of state aircraft. It was found that the availability factor, the health coefficient and the cost of purchasing spare parts can serve as efficiency criteria. The increased aircraft availability or serviceability is achieved by minimizing downtime due to the lack of spare parts. In our research we describe the simulation model of inventory stock usage and test the model for aircraft operating as part of an aviation regiment. The simulation model showed almost complete coincidence with the results of an analytical model of a queuing system. This means that when planning material and technical support, on the basis of this simulation model, it is possible to build more complex models for analyzing multi-inventory stocks without applying a complex mathematical apparatus. The model can be used as a tool for planning the required number of units for the operation of state aircraft.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ANGGARAN KAS SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAN DAN PENGENDALIAN KAS PADA PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA IV CABANG BITUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Amelia Saipi ◽  
Jantje J. Tinangon ◽  
I Gede Suwetja
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Draw Conclusion ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Observation Period

PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung uses the cash budget as their management tool, for the planning and control of the company's cash in achieving the success of the objectives to be achieved by the company. The purpose of this research is to know how cash budget as a planning and control tools cash in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung with observation period of cash budget in 2015, 2016, and 2017. In this research, using descriptive method by collecting information from research result then analyze and draw conclusion from research, method of collecting information in this research by direct interview with finance section about process of preparing cash budget. The results show that the cash budgeting process in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV Branch Bitung uses a buttom up budgeting approach where the budget is prepared and prepared by the parties who will implement the budget. The causes of the difference (variance) between the budget and the realization of the cash budget are internal and external factors of the firm. Planning the cash budget by estimating the cost and analysis of the company's activities and for controlling its cash budget in the form of control over good deviations is favorable or unfavorable as well as revisions to deviations that occur.Keywords: Cash Budget, Planning, Controlling

scholarly journals Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Bahan Baku Sarung Batik (Studi Kasus CV. Mitra Setia Usaha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Debby Malinda ◽  
Tita Talitha ◽  
Jazuli Jazuli
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Material Requirement ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Planning and controlling the needs of both raw materials and finished products is a significant thing for companies to optimize their production. This also applies to CV. Mitra Setia Usaha that  engaged in the textile industry with raw materials batik cloth. During this time, CV. Mitra Setia Usaha has not applied standard methods in the planning and control of raw material needs. Determination of the amount of raw materials so far only based on the number of consumer orders. In the last 2 (two years) (October 2014 to September 2016), the company received a request of 5.050,000 meters, but the existing supply of cotton fabric was only 4,920,500 meters. One of the methods that can be applied in the CV. Loyal Business Partners is the Material Requirement Planning (MRP). By applying this MRP-Lot for for lot (LFL) method, CV. Mitra Setia Usaha able to reduce the cost incurred in the procurement of raw materials for one year which initially amounted to 104.328.000 rupiah to 93.817.673 rupiah and can even be reduced again to 83.306.995 rupiah using the method of Order Quantity Period (POQ)

scholarly journals Exploration Using Without-Replacement Sampling of Actions Is Sometimes Inferior

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 698-714
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Carden ◽  
S. Dalton Walker
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Goal State ◽  
Stochastic Shortest Path ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Machine Learning Applications

In many statistical and machine learning applications, without-replacement sampling is considered superior to with-replacement sampling. In some cases, this has been proven, and in others the heuristic is so intuitively attractive that it is taken for granted. In reinforcement learning, many count-based exploration strategies are justified by reliance on the aforementioned heuristic. This paper will detail the non-intuitive discovery that when measuring the goodness of an exploration strategy by the stochastic shortest path to a goal state, there is a class of processes for which an action selection strategy based on without-replacement sampling of actions can be worse than with-replacement sampling. Specifically, the expected time until a specified goal state is first reached can be provably larger under without-replacement sampling. Numerical experiments describe the frequency and severity of this inferiority.

A Basic Approach Towards Cost Accounting for Virtual Web Organizations

2011 ◽  
pp. 270-291
Author(s):  
Tim Veil ◽  
Thomas Hess
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Strategic Networks ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Virtual corporations (VCs) may be defined as a specific form of inter-company networks. Whereas vertically integrated strategic networks primarily appear in the automobile industry, VCs are frequently found in the software industry or the consulting sector. In the last years, VCs have been subject to different research activities, e.g., the relevance of IT infrastructure for VCs or the economical reasons for their appearance. Today, questions of how to manage VCs arise more and more often. Nevertheless, until today issues concerning planning and control have rarely been discussed. One traditional and major element of a planning and control system is the cost accounting system. As will be shown, multiple questions regarding cost accounting for virtual Web organizations come up theoretically as well as in practice.

The Conversation Cycle

2011 ◽  
pp. 230-259
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
External Reporting ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The conversion cycle spans a range of activities — product design, production planning and control, and cost accounting. Product design is a collaborative activity and can involve a number of specialists from different functional areas. Production planning and control involves planning production by optimizing factors such as customer demand, availability of materials and labor, capacity constraints, distribution constraints and storage constraints, to mention a few. Planned manufacturing activities are carried out by processing raw materials though a combination of machines and humans and creating a finished product. The cost accounting system provides data useful for evaluating production function, determining product costs and generating information for inventory valuation for external reporting purposes.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis for estimating production costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Carmen-Elena Stoenoiu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The analysis of the cost of production is a complex problem, being very useful in the planning and control process as well as in production and sales. In this study, this was done using three methods: accounting analysis, high-low and regression analysis that allowed cost elements to be identified through a cost equation that can be used in planning and control analysis or in sales activity. At the same time, the evolution of the cost elements was achieved using two estimates used by the accounting method. The High-Low method allowed the determination of the minimum and maximum activity level at one year's level, which was then analyzed through the company's available activity range. The multivariate regression analysis determined the analysis of the obtained model, being linear, thus establishing the production line.

Use of Mathematical Models in a Mechanical Metal Industry to Improve Production Planning and Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Leoni Pentiado Godoy ◽  
Wagner Pietrobelli Bueno ◽  
Tais Pentiado Godoy ◽  
Clandia Gomes ◽  
Maria Carolina Martins Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

This chapter aims to propose an improvement in decision making in the planning sector and production control (PPC) with application of a mathematical model. In the methodology, the qualitative approach was used because the linguistic codifications are interpreted and characterized by a case study applying a questionnaire to the managers of the company of the metal mechanic sector. In this context, six constructs were structured as a proposal for performance improvement, being composed of costs, management, inspection, processes, and capacity. The chapter reports the main results achieved during fuzzy sets application, obtaining a better result compared to FAHP in which there were certain oscillations between the percentage of constructs. The construct prioritized by managers and specialists was the cost construct, reaching 38.60%, being advantageous for the industry when the cost is placed in order of manufacture (subconstruct), followed by the prioritized management construct with 28.50%.

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