scholarly journals Design and Engineering Invasion into the Caspian

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Zonn ◽  
E. A. Gusarov ◽  
S. S. Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the intercontinental, international, transboundary enclosed inland water body. It receives flows of such large rivers as Volga, Ural, Terek, Kura, and Sefidrud. The Caspian is highly dynamic. In view of its unique behavior, precisely the water level fluctuations, the research of not only these processes and their forecast, but careful study of the design and engineering solutions were required here because the results of such researches determine the social and economic development of the coastal areas.The Caspian became the focus of attention usually at the times when the period of its level drop changed over for its rise (or vice versa). It is in these periods that the “critical mass” of the gradually accumulating environmental, social and economic consequences of any kind should find “outlet”. In other words, the need “to save the Caspian” and “to be saved from the Caspian” appeared. In the past decades, till 1930, the economic activities in the Caspian region, such as oil production, shipping, fishery, lifestyle of the local population got adapted to the existing level of the Caspian Sea. The first level drop in the Caspian in the 1930s was the first alarming and even shocking bell that stirred anxiety for its future. At the same time, the change of the Caspian level has incurred considerable damage.This situation forced the riparian states to develop various projects aimed to take into consideration the Caspian level fluctuations and, simultaneously, to stabilize its level. Many suggested solutions were of a global scale and were not realizable. Moreover, the developers of practically all projects did not understand properly the significance of these processes, thus, inadequate assessment of their consequences. And, finally, many proposals concerning development of the riparian territories with regard to the Caspian level fluctuations could lead to serious environmental disturbances that would entail negative consequences in the following decades. 

scholarly journals Regulation of environmental protection measures in the Caspian Sea region

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Sergey Yekimov ◽  
Oleg Bavykin ◽  
Elena Kuznetsova ◽  
Roman Kucherenko ◽  
Dmitriy Kucherenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Protection Measures

Information obtained as a result of monitoring of water bodies is taken as a basis for legal regulation of economic activities related to environmental pollution. In the context of a globalized economy, the strengthening of environmental protection measures in one of the neighboring countries often leads to the fact that the next plant will be built across the border, and its impact on the environment on a global scale will be the same. In this study, the authors studied the problem of finding new ways to solve the environmental problems of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea belongs to Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. to solve the environmental problems of the Caspian Sea, it is necessary to unify the environmental legislation of these countries, similar to the unification of the environmental legislation of the European Union countries.

scholarly journals Spatial variation in exploited metapopulations obscures risk of collapse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K Okamoto ◽  
Margot Hessing-Lewis ◽  
Jameal F Samhouri ◽  
Andrew O Shelton ◽  
Adrian Stier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spatial Complexity ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Local Risk

AbstractUnanticipated declines among exploited species have commonly occurred despite harvests that appeared sustainable prior to collapse. This is particularly true in the oceans where spatial scales of management are often mismatched with spatially complex metapopulations. We explore causes, consequences and potential solutions for spatial mismatches in harvested metapopulations in three ways. First, we generate novel theory illustrating when and how harvesting metapopulations increases spatial variability and in turn masks local scale volatility. Second, we illustrate why spatial variability in harvested metapopulations leads to negative consequences using an empirical example of a Pacific herring metapopulation. Finally, we construct a numerical management strategy evaluation model to identify and highlight potential solutions for mismatches in spatial scale and spatial variability. Our results highlight that spatial complexity can promote stability at large scales, however ignoring spatial complexity produces cryptic and negative consequences for people and animals that interact with resources at small scales. Harvesting metapopulations magnifies spatial variability, which creates discrepancies between regional and local trends while increasing risk of local population collapses. Such effects asymmetrically impact locally constrained fishers and predators, which are more exposed to risks of localized collapses. Importantly, we show that dynamically optimizing harvest can minimize local risk without sacrificing yield. Thus, multiple nested scales of management may be necessary to avoid cryptic collapses in metapopulations and the ensuing ecological, social and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Changes of water level fluctuations of the Caspian Sea to the end of the 20th century

Geografie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-423
Author(s):  
Břetislav Svozil
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Short Time

This article deals with problems of variability level of the Caspian Sea. It brings a historical overview with an accent put on the 20th century. It points out causes of the decrease and the lift of the Caspian Sea level, mentions causes as well as consequences of these phenomena. It also deals with prognosticating: it examines whether an erroneous prognosis can influence solution of the problem and whether can cause huge damages. And it also mentions nonperiodical sea sway, increasing and decreasing water level fluctuations, which can cause short-time increases or decreases the Caspian Sea level, as well as the main causes of the Caspian Sea variability level, formulation of prognoses and impacts of the level fluctuation.

scholarly journals Environmental conditions of the landscape functioning in the Pribaikalskii National Park: historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Zh V Atutova ◽  
Zehong Li
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
National Park ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
History Of

Abstract The history of the economic development of the valley complexes of the Goloustnaya River basin is considered. Forestry and agricultural activities are designated as the main activities developed by the local population. Fluctuation changes in the intensity of their implementation are highlighted, specifically. the slowly developing process of economic development of valley landscapes due to low population in the second half o f the 17th century and until the first half of the 20th century; expansion of agricultural land and growth of industrial development of forest resources, starting from the middle of the 20th century until the end of the 1980s; and a decrease in economic activities since the end of the last century, which is connected both with the state reorganization of the country’s economy and with creation of specially protected natural territories within the studied area. The valley complexes of the Goloustnaya River are at risk from the recreational development of coastal areas of Lake Baikal that have been actively developing in recent years. Taiga landscapes of the upper and middle reaches of the river are at risk of spreading forest fires. Negative consequences from economic activities have been contributing to a significant anthropogenic transformation of landscapes of the Pribaikalskii National Park for a long period.

scholarly journals Technogenic risks of Caspian offshore area development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokusaev ◽  
Nikolay Nikitovich Panasenko ◽  
Alexey Vladimirovich Sinelshchikov ◽  
Pavel Victorovich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Offshore Area

The article presents a detailed analysis of the technogenic risks in building and operating oil and gas complexes in the offshore area of the Caspian Sea and actualizes the problem of the Caspian environmental crisis, the possible measures for preventing and minimizing the negative consequences from the extensive offshore oil and gas production for the ecosystem being considered. The geothermal regime of the ground of the Caspian Sea has been analyzed in respect of the deep-earth processes. The bottom of the Caspian Sea is rather varied, hence, the risks for constructing facilities in the area under development are possible. The surface, underwater and island mud volcanoes formed by the large longitudinal and transverse tectonic disturbances pose a threat to oil production and transportation facilities. The tectonic processes of the bottom of the Caspian Sea are studied in detail. It has been stated that the global geodynamic processes are taking place in the earth's crust of the region affecting the natural environment of the Caspian Sea, which will inevitably affect the industrial objects on the shelf. The Caspian Sea ground is divided into two parts in terms of seismic activity: the seismically inactive northern part (the Scythian-Turanian platform and the East European platform) and the southern part (alpine orogenic-folded belt) that is currently seismically active. The diagrams of possible earthquakes and seismic activity in the bottom area of the Caspian Sea are presented. Since the mechanism of the developing seismic activity caused by volcanoes is not fully examined, there has been substantiated the need to prognose precisely the location of hazardous zones and joints in connection with the development of the oil and gas industry. The tectonic and geological frame of the Caspian region has been illustrated; the regional fractures that influence the formation of biosphere zones and the largest tectonic joints that affect natural and man-made processes are noted. Particular attention is paid to the risks of the hydrogen sulfide pollution of the Caspian Sea. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for the development of the Caspian, which is rich in oil and gas reserves; on the need to ensure safety and reduce losses in the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals Assessment of Socio-, Ecological and Economic Consequences of the Virtual Reality Eco-Tours Advancing

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
О.S. Goncharenko ◽  
S.О. Nikolayev ◽  
М.S. Myslovska ◽  
V.V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Information Technology Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The Village

According to many experts, humanity is on the verge of transformational changes, which are characterized not only by changes in the way of management, but also by changes in the philosophy of human existence. This situation is especially noticeable during crises on a global scale. One such demonstration was the global socio-economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It can already be argued that some areas of the information technology industry are experiencing an extremely rapid pace of development, including virtual reality technology. This is especially true against the background of information that one of the negative consequences of the pandemic is an increase in cases of psychological tension in society as a whole and in individuals due to limited physical movement of people. Therefore, the aim of this article was to study the prospects of implementing virtual reality technologies in the tourism business environment based on the identification and justification of possible positive and negative socio-environmental and economic results due to the development of this type of business at the regional level. The idea is to use virtual reality technologies to create a commercial product - "green" tourist tours in Sumy region (Ukraine), the essence of which is to enable tourists from anywhere in the world to virtually visit certain natural and landscape areas of Sumy region. The emphasis is not only on visiting historical architectural monuments, museums, but also on using the recreational potential of natural objects. For example, kayaking on the river Psel, hiking in Spadschansky forests, fishing on the Blue Lakes in Sumy, hunting animals, picking mushrooms, sports tours: running, skiing in the woods near the village. Turners. Thus, the creation of eco-tours of virtual reality can be considered appropriate, because for both internal and external stakeholders, this type of activity is more positive than negative: for employees, the creative component of labor grows, the preconditions are created to increase wages; for consumers, the risks during the trip are reduced, the associated costs disappear, there are more options and opportunities for development; for the region, this type of activity guarantees environmental friendliness and greater interest due to the virtual reality tour in the area.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Urban Residents’ Toward Tourism: Evidence from Bishkek

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyil Najimudinova ◽  
Naryngul Margazieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World

On a global scale, tourism is an actively developing industry, which is of great importance for the development of the economy of many regions of the world. Satisfaction of the local population with the development of tourism is closely related to the opportunities for active participation in the decision-making process on tourism development. The level of satisfaction with tourism can show the feelings and attitude of the residents toward tourism, and in particular, to tourists. Satisfied local people are more hospitable and willing to provide tourists with the necessary products and services. This paper aims to study the attitude of urban residents towards tourism and its development on the basis of a survey conducted among residents of Bishkek by random sampling. Bishkek is the capital of the country and the largest number of registered economic entities in the tourism sector is focused in Bishkek. Respondents (N=190) attitude toward tourism varied according to their age, education, gender, marital status. The study showed that urban residents have a mostly benevolent and supportive attitude to tourism. Among the negative consequences expected from tourism development is related with the risk of rising prices in accommodation facilities. The results can be useful for policy makers, business representatives, local government and researchers.

THE NUMBER AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRY FISH IN SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS OF THE VOLGA IN THE SUMMER-AUTUMN PERIOD OF 2012

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Edward Vladimirovich Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Fish Juveniles ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Shallow Coastal Waters

Shallow coastal waters of the Volga river is a flooded feeding area for fish juveniles of nonmigratory fish species. There takes place annual downstream migration of fluvial anadromous fish species from spawning grounds of the Volga river to the Northern Caspian Sea. The most important factors determining the number and qualitative characteristics of fry fishes are the level of the Caspian Sea (currently having a tendency to the lowering), hydrological and thermal regimes of the Volga river. Researches were carried out in definite periods of time. In the summer-autumn period of 2012 fry fishes were presented by 19 species (13 of them were commercial species), which belonged to 9 families. The article gives data on all the commercial fish species. In the first decade of July the maximum number of fry fish was registered in the western part of the Volga outfall offshore - in box 247 (19.86 mln specimens/km2), in the eastern part - in box 142 (20.4 mln specimens/km2). The most populous were roach, red-eye, silver bream and bream; size-weight characteristics were better in the areas remoted from the Volga delta. In the third decade of July the quantitative indicators of fry fish on these areas decreased, size-weight characteristics greatly increased. In the second decade of October in the western part of the seaside there were registered increased pre-wintering concentrations of fish juveniles, their qualitative indicators increased, which is evidence to favorable feeding conditions in 2012.

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