scholarly journals Environmental conditions of the landscape functioning in the Pribaikalskii National Park: historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Zh V Atutova ◽  
Zehong Li
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
National Park ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
History Of

Abstract The history of the economic development of the valley complexes of the Goloustnaya River basin is considered. Forestry and agricultural activities are designated as the main activities developed by the local population. Fluctuation changes in the intensity of their implementation are highlighted, specifically. the slowly developing process of economic development of valley landscapes due to low population in the second half o f the 17th century and until the first half of the 20th century; expansion of agricultural land and growth of industrial development of forest resources, starting from the middle of the 20th century until the end of the 1980s; and a decrease in economic activities since the end of the last century, which is connected both with the state reorganization of the country’s economy and with creation of specially protected natural territories within the studied area. The valley complexes of the Goloustnaya River are at risk from the recreational development of coastal areas of Lake Baikal that have been actively developing in recent years. Taiga landscapes of the upper and middle reaches of the river are at risk of spreading forest fires. Negative consequences from economic activities have been contributing to a significant anthropogenic transformation of landscapes of the Pribaikalskii National Park for a long period.

scholarly journals Currency liberalization and its impact on the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Valentyna Harkavenko ◽  
◽  
Galina Yershova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Examining the transformation of financial relations in Ukraine, in the previous article the authors analyzed the impact of foreign capital on the economic development of this country’s economy and found that its concentration in certain economic activities contributed to consolidating its raw material orientation. The authors conclude that due to the distorted model of Ukraine's economic development, successful practices of developed countries to attract foreign investment and reform the financial sector are ineffective in this country’s economy. Continuing the study of the transformations of financial relations in Ukraine, which are taking place under the influence of the approximation of domestic legislation to European standards, the authors could not leave aside the question of impact of the liberalization of currency legislation on the economy. Given that currency liberalization significantly affects the behavior of foreign investors, the authors conducted an in-depth analysis of legislative changes in the financial sector, and described the main results of their implementation. The positive and negative consequences of currency liberalization in Ukraine for business entities and the economy in general are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the risks associated with the liberalization of operations related to the movement of capital and the behavior of non-residents in the financial market of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine’s economy with its distorted development model belongs to the financially and institutionally weak ones, hence is not presently ready to liberalize its monetary relations, which could only deepen the deformations and reduce resilience to macroeconomic imbalances.

Born of fire: In search of volcanoes in U.S. national parks, four striking examples

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Walkup ◽  
Thomas J. Casadevall ◽  
Vincent L. Santucci
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Park Service ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Geologic features, particularly volcanic features, have been protected by the National Park Service since its inception. Some volcanic areas were nationally protected even before the National Park Service was established. The first national park, Yellowstone National Park, is one of the most widely known geothermal and volcanic areas in the world. It contains the largest volcanic complex in North America and has experienced three eruptions which rate among the largest eruptions known to have occurred on Earth. Half of the twelve areas established as national parks before the 1916 Organic Act which created the National Park Service are centered on volcanic features. The National Park Service now manages lands that contain nearly every conceivable volcanic resource, with at least seventy-six managed lands that contain volcanoes or volcanic rocks. Given that so many lands managed by the National Park Service contain volcanoes and volcanic rocks, we cannot give an overview of the history of each one; rather we highlight four notable examples of parks that were established on account of their volcanic landscapes. These parks all helped to encourage the creation and success of the National Park Service by inspiring the imagination of the public. In addition to preserving and providing access to the nation's volcanic heritage, volcanic national parks are magnificent places to study and understand volcanoes and volcanic landscapes in general. Scientists from around the world study volcanic hazards, volcanic history, and the inner working of the Earth within U.S. national parks. Volcanic landscapes and associated biomes that have been relatively unchanged by human and economic activities provide unique natural laboratories for understanding how volcanoes work, how we might predict eruptions and hazards, and how these volcanoes affect surrounding watersheds, flora, fauna, atmosphere, and populated areas.

scholarly journals The attempt to assess the fire risk of non-forest terrestrial ecosystems of Biebrza National Park – A case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Ryszard Szczygieł ◽  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Kołakowski
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
National Park ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History

Abstract On 19th April, the largest wildfire of the entire history of Biebrza National Park broke out and consumed 5526 ha, mostly overdried grassland with sedges and reeds of Biebrza marshes. The very rapid spread of the fire in the open space, with the blowing wind changing directions and the inaccessibility of the area for fire-fighting vehicles were the main reasons of this third largest wildfire in Poland, after the tragic forest fires in Kuźnia Raciborska (9060 ha burnt) and Potrzebowice (5600 ha burnt) in the memorable year of 1992. After this event, activities were undertaken to develop a fire protection plan for the Biebrza National Park. It took into account an innovative approach during the analysis of the existing fire risk, primarily regarding the non-forest terrestrial ecosystems composed of herbaceous vegetation, which constitutes as much as 61.2% of the park’s area, and to propose protection methods adequate to the threat. The work was completed in the framework of the project entitled ‘Development of the method for assessing the fire risk of non-forest ecosystems and the principles of fire protection for the Biebrza National Park – stage I,’ commissioned for the Forest Research Institute by the Biebrza National Park, financed by the State Forests from the forest fund, in accordance with the contract EZ.0290.1.24.2020. The article presents a preliminary method of classifying the fire risk of non-forest ecosystems, considering the occurrence of the fires in the Biebrza National Park in the years 2007–2020 and the type of vegetation burnt. This method, after supplementary field tests planned in 2021, will enable evaluation of the fire risk, which shall be a premise for the development of a fire protection plan.

A Note on Economic Development in North Korea: Call for a Comprehensive Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract North Korea is currently one of the most impoverished countries with a history of famine, but the country has a significant potential for economic development that could lift its population from poverty. Neighbored by some of the largest and most advanced economies in the world (South Korea, Japan, and China) and endowed with abundant mineral resources, industrial experience, and a history of successful economic development in the past, North Korea can embark on the path to rapid economic development, as its southern counterpart (South Korea) did so successfully since the 1960s. Yet, the successful economic development of North Korea requires a comprehensive approach, including obtaining a fund for development; normalizing relations with the West and the neighboring countries; improving its human rights conditions; prioritizing key industrial development; and reforming its political-economic system. This note discusses the comprehensive approach necessary for the successful economic development of North Korea.

Development and distribution of karst and suffusion processes on the territory of the Belgorod region, assessment of their impact on the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
D. Sarychev ◽  
◽  
А. Sarychev ◽  
I. Arkhiptsev ◽  
N. Demchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. The problem of studying karst-suffusion processes is that soluble rocks in Russia occupy large areas. The Belgorod region is rich in Cretaceous deposits, which are widespread throughout the territory. Due to the fact that carbonate rocks are susceptible to dissolution by surface and groundwater leads to the formation of karst forms. Such forms open and form places of karst waters’ accumulation, open fissure and cave systems and are becoming areas with an increased environmental hazard to the life of people, infrastructure, civil and industrial buildings. Dangerous exogenous geomorphological processes negatively affect the economic development of the region. The purpose of the article is to study the factors influencing the development and distribution of karst and suffusion processes, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as the impact on the environment. Among hazardous exogenous geological processes, karst-suffusion processes are the most unpredictable. Their occurrence has negative consequences for the economics and economic activities of the region. The main methods used in this study are observation method, laboratory experiment and mathematical modeling. The method of mathematical modeling has relatively recently come into the use by the researchers and allows for a better reproduction of processes on physical models. This study is aimed at determining the interaction of karst and suffusion processes, as well as assessing their impact on the environment. The zoning of the karst and suffusion distribution on the territory of the Belgorod region has made it possible to identify the causes of these processes. To prevent the development and spread of karst-suffusion processes, an integrated approach to the analysis of manifestation, drawing up a forecast plan and measures to counter negative consequences is required. Based on the results of the study, measures were proposed to minimize damage to agricultural land, residential and farm buildings, as well as measures to combat karst and suffusion processes. It should be noted that the results of the study and the developed measures to prevent the negative consequences of karst and suffusion processes can be used in human agricultural activities, construction of civil and industrial enterprises, their reconstruction, laying of communications and development of carbonate new deposits

ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITY OF PRINCES FROM SANGUSHKO FAMILY IN XIX – AT THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY IN VOLYN

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Veronika Rudiuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article deals with the entrepreneurial activity of Sangushki in Volyn, first of all, their contribution to the industrial development of the region, the application of advanced technologies in their estates, and the peculiarities of the management of the family’s representatives and their enterprises. The branch affiliation of the factories of their Slavutsky ordination and methods of increasing the efficiency of work on them is considered. The place of enterprises of the Sangushki family in the structure of industry of Volyn province, the contribution of the princes in stimulating expansion of the network of financial and credit institutions in the region is described. The place of Sangushki at the time of the financial-industrial circles of the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries was highlighted. The activity of the Sangushko princes is considered in order to reorganize the landowner's latifundias for their transformation into modern agrarian enterprises. The influence of political events in Ukrainian provinces on the economic development of enterprises owned by representatives of this kin is highlighted. The main sources of income of Slavuta ordination in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are described. The author made a wide coverage of economic development in the vicinity of the princes Sangushko during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was noted that the main sources of income at the beginning of the nineteenth century were agricultural products (grain, fruits, vegetables, cattle, and forest), then, due to the use of modern technologies, mechanization of production using steam engines, processing of own products, obtained here at the end of the XIX century, Sangushkos managed to create an economically strong company with diversified sources of profit, since a significant part of the products was processed by local factories (paper, candle, soap, sugar, cloth, beer pitch, lumber, porcelain, refined) and distilleries, mills. The main resource base for the success of the princes as entrepreneurs served large land masses that they owned. Significant role in the achievement of economic success of Sangushkos played the application of modern technologies and methods of production, withdrawal from the traditional system of using serf labor, attracting foreign specialists. Sangushkos also created enterprises that produced the products needed to service their enterprises and the local population, among such iron ore, vinegar and paint plants. In addition, in order to stimulate the development of trade and business in the native land, Sangushkos established a system of credit pay offices, which provided loans to local residents, with preferential treatment for those who traded and serviced the needs of the population (for shoemakers, bakers, barkeepers). In addition, Sangushkos were involved in the creation of the Slavuta Commercial Bank, which served the needs of not only local residents, but even foreigners. Sangushkos also managed to open businesses that did not directly engage in the production of goods and served the needs of the population, among such the author mentioned medical institutions. For the sale of products Sangushkos actively participated in local fairs, signed contracts for the supply of products to the markets of cities of the central provinces of the Russian Empire and abroad. The author reviews the historiography devoted to the issues of entrepreneurship development in the 19th century on the territory of the Right-Bank Ukraine and in particular among representatives of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility, including representatives of the Sangushkos family. Also, the researcher used in the study the archival materials and the results of local lore explorations devoted to studying the history of the Sangushko family in Volyn. The Polish revolts of 1830-1831 and 1863-1864, economic crises in the Russian empire at the end and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as fires, which caused significant damage to the city and the buildings of enterprises, influenced negatively the economic development of the enterprises of the Sangushkos. In general, a direct active participation in the economic life of the princes of Sangsushko turned their estates and town of Slavuta into one of the main industrial centers of Volyn at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Sustainability of Industrial Heritage Tourism Far from the Axes of Economic Development in Europe: Two Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Xosé Somoza-Medina ◽  
Obdulia Monteserín-Abella
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The World

The transformation of mining and industrial spaces into tourist spaces is part of the debate surrounding the profound changes in the contemporary economies of developed European countries. The loss of competitive power of their traditional companies, the obsolescence of many manufacturing facilities, and the take-off of other industrial economies in remote parts of the world have led to the closure of thousands of mines and factories, with the approval of environmental groups. In some privileged places, these ex-industrialized spaces have recovered environmentally, been allocated aid for socio-economic reconversion, and reoriented the old mines and factories (now converted into industrial heritage), towards cultural and tourist uses. The successful examples of Ironbridge, Zollverein or Wieliczka, have created the illusion to managers, owners, and local population of being able to turn almost any ruin of the industrial and mining past into a tourist attraction. Starting in the 1990s, many ex-industrial spaces, which were far from the main urban centres, opted for this tourist transformation as a lifeline to slow down the loss of population and economic activities. Sometime after these projects of industrial tourism, the result can be evaluated with objective data that question the sustainability of the model and the resilience of these places. This paper focuses on questioning the sustainability and resilience of the tourist transformation of two former mining areas located in Spain (Almadén and Sabero), far from the axes of economic development.

scholarly journals Developmental Local Government as a Model for Grassroots Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
C Okafor ◽  
EEO Chukwuemeka ◽  
JO Udenta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Present System ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development

In the past five decades of political independence in Nigeria, local government administration has moved from the colonial styled Local administration characterized by peculiar systems to the federating units to the present unified and standardized system that constitutionally recognizes local government as the third tier of government. As the third tier of government, local governments are entitled to a statutory allocation of national revenue and the carrying out of specific functions in response to local needs. The objective of the problem statement of this article is to show that the present system whereby, the Constitution gives the State governments the power to handle issues of organization and responsibility in the local governments places a strong limitation on local autonomy and governance at the local level. The abuse of these provisions in the Constitution by the State governments coupled with other issues such as low level of commitment to the people and lack of monitoring and evaluation are negatively affecting grassroots socio-economic development in the Country. Local economic growth and development is an imperative for overall socio-economic development of the Country (the local population presently faces high incidence of poverty, unemployment, lack of social infrastructure and low economic activities). It is in this context that the article prescribes a developmental local government model which has local economic development (LED) as ‘the mandate’ to address the concerns of poverty, unemployment and inadequate resources in the rural areas. The LED approach enables local governments to stimulate economic activities and improve the socioeconomic conditions of people in the localities by working in partnership with private and other non-governmental sectors.

scholarly journals Design and Engineering Invasion into the Caspian

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Zonn ◽  
E. A. Gusarov ◽  
S. S. Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the intercontinental, international, transboundary enclosed inland water body. It receives flows of such large rivers as Volga, Ural, Terek, Kura, and Sefidrud. The Caspian is highly dynamic. In view of its unique behavior, precisely the water level fluctuations, the research of not only these processes and their forecast, but careful study of the design and engineering solutions were required here because the results of such researches determine the social and economic development of the coastal areas.The Caspian became the focus of attention usually at the times when the period of its level drop changed over for its rise (or vice versa). It is in these periods that the “critical mass” of the gradually accumulating environmental, social and economic consequences of any kind should find “outlet”. In other words, the need “to save the Caspian” and “to be saved from the Caspian” appeared. In the past decades, till 1930, the economic activities in the Caspian region, such as oil production, shipping, fishery, lifestyle of the local population got adapted to the existing level of the Caspian Sea. The first level drop in the Caspian in the 1930s was the first alarming and even shocking bell that stirred anxiety for its future. At the same time, the change of the Caspian level has incurred considerable damage.This situation forced the riparian states to develop various projects aimed to take into consideration the Caspian level fluctuations and, simultaneously, to stabilize its level. Many suggested solutions were of a global scale and were not realizable. Moreover, the developers of practically all projects did not understand properly the significance of these processes, thus, inadequate assessment of their consequences. And, finally, many proposals concerning development of the riparian territories with regard to the Caspian level fluctuations could lead to serious environmental disturbances that would entail negative consequences in the following decades. 

An Analytical Overview of the Foundation of Darülfünun

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Ekmeleddİn İhsanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Public Education Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
European University

In this Epilogue the history of the Darülfünun is analytically discussed from the Ottoman modernization point of view started by Tanzimat reforms and as a pinnacal element of its public education policy. Attention is drawn to a noticeable parallel between the development of the Ottoman University and the process of the evolution of European university to industrial development posited by Fritz K. Ringer; accordingly the establishment of Darülfünun belongs to an “early industrial phase.” However, as was the case in Europe during the early industrial phase, there was in fact little connection between higher education and economic life. The Ottoman case followed a pattern of development similar to that in France and Germany, where the educational system served the needs of growing government bureaucracies, and these bureaucracies eventually did take an interest in both technological programs and economic development.

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