AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS VEÍCULOS UTILIZADOS NA PASTA DE HIDRÓXIDO DE CÁLCIO ASSOCIADA AO DICLOFENACO DE SÓDIO SOBRE ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS

O hidróxido de cálcio é uma medicação intracanal amplamente utilizada durante o tratamento endodôntico, pois possui atividade antimicrobiana e estimula a produção de tecido mineralizado. Entretanto, alguns microrganismos, como o Enterococcus faecalis, podem sobreviver ao tratamento, resistindo ao elevado pH da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. Por essa razão, associações com outras substâncias que apresentem atividade antimicrobiana contra Enterococcus faecalis vem sendo sugerida. Recentemente, estudos têm demonstrado que a adição de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs), como o diclofenaco de sódio, tem conferido melhor eficácia à pasta de hidróxido de cálcio contra microrganismos resistentes ao tratamento endodôntico. Porém, a propriedade antimicrobiana da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio está relacionada com a dissociação iônica, promovida pelo veículo utilizado durante sua manipulação. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar se a atividade antimicrobiana da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio associada com o diclofenaco de sódio sofre influência quando manipulada com os diferentes veículos avaliados (clorexidina 2%, soro e propilenoglicol). Para isso, as pastas foram, inicialmente, manipuladas de acordo com o veículo avaliado em cada grupo e, em seguida, 1mL de água estéril foi adicionado para cada 25mg da pasta e deixada a 37ºC por 24h. Após esse período, 50µl de uma concentração conhecida de Enterococcus faecalis (108 UFC) foi adicionado em 1,4mL de cada solução e 1,4mL de solução salina 0,9% com a cepa foi usado como controle. Após 24 horas, as soluções foram então diluídas e inoculadas em placa petri contendo meio de M-Enterococcus em triplicada para a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de cada solução. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos à análise estatística com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados não evidenciaram diferenças estatísticas na atividade antimicrobiana para os diferentes veículos utilizados. Diante desses resultados, pode-se concluir que nenhum dos veículos avaliados influenciou na atividade antimicrobiana da medicação intracanal de hidróxido de cálcio. THE INFLUENCE OF THE VEHICLES USED IN CALCIUM HYDROXIDE PASTE ASSOCIATED WITH DICLOFENAC SODIUM OVER ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS ABSTRACT The calcium hydroxide is an intracanal medicament widely used during endodontic treatment, since it has antimicrobial activity, and stimulates the production of mineralized tissue. However, some microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecalis, may survive treatment, resisting the high pH of the calcium hydroxide paste. For this reason, associations with other substances which perform antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis have been suggested. Recently, studies have shown that adding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac sodium, has guaranteed the effectiveness of the calcium hydroxide paste against resistant microorganisms for endodontic treatment. Although, the antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide paste with ionic dissociation, promoted by the vehicle used during manipulation. Accordingly, this paper aims to review if the antimicrobial activity of the calcium hydroxide paste associated with diclofenac sodium is influenced when manipulated with different vehicles evaluated (chlorhexidine 2%, saline solution, and propylene glycol). For this purpose, the pastes were, firstly, manipulated accordingly the vehicle evaluated in each group and, then, 1mL of sterile water was added to each 25mg of paste resting at 37ºC for 24 hours. After this period, 50µl of a well-known concentrate of Enterococcus faecalis (108 UFC) was added to 1,4mL of each solution and, 1,4mL of saline solution 0,9% with a strain was used as control. After 24 hours, the solutions were then diluted and inoculated in a petri dish containing medium M-Enterococcus trebled to the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of each solution. The results obtained were statically analyzed with a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). The results did not reveal statistical differences in the antimicrobial activity for different vehicles used. Based on these results, we can conclude that none of the vehicles evaluated influenced the antimicrobial activity of the calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament. Descriptors: Calcium Hydroxide. Endodontics. Enterococcus faecalis.

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Periradicular repair after two-visit endodontic treatment using two different intracanal medications compared to single-visit endodontic treatment

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000400005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Adriana M. Vieira Silveira ◽

Hélio P. Lopes ◽

José F. Siqueira Jr ◽

Sérgio B. Macedo ◽

Alberto Consolaro

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Controversial Issues ◽

Single Visit ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root

The number of appointments necessary to treat infected root canals is one of the most controversial issues in endodontics. This study evaluated, in dogs, the response of the periradicular tissues to the endodontic treatment of infected root canals performed in a single visit or in two visits, using different interappointment dressings. Periradicular lesions were induced by inoculating Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals. After confirming that a periradicular lesion developed, the root canals were treated within one or two visits, using either ozonized oil or calcium hydroxide in camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) as an intracanal medication. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were processed for histological and histobacteriological analysis. The root canals treated in a single visit showed a success rate of 46%. When a calcium hydroxide/CMCP-based interappointment intracanal medication was used, 74% of the cases were categorized as success. In cases where ozonized oil was used as the intracanal medication, a success rate of 77% was observed. These results of the present study demonstrated that the two-visit treatment offered a higher success rate compared to one-visit therapy. In addition, ozonized oil may potentially be used as an intracanal medication.

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Periapical injection of betamethasone to control postoperative pain in emergency endodontic care - a randomized double blind clinical trial

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v15i3.8649983 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Marcos Luciano Pimenta Pinheiro ◽

Ricardo Lopes-Rocha ◽

Eduardo Dias de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Inflammatory Pain ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial

Aim: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of betamethasone in the control of postoperative pain in patients undergoing endodontic treatment. Methods: patients of both genders (n = 120), after being submitted to emergency endodontic treatment, received a single dose of betamethasone solution (0.05 mg / body weight) or sterile saline solution intramucosally, in the periapical region of the treated tooth. The study evaluated the intensity of pain experienced by the patient and the number of analgesics consumed during periods of 4, 24 and 48 hours after endodontic treatment. To compare the level of pain among the groups and the use of analgesics the Fisher’s Exact Test was used, adopting a significance level of 95%. Results: patients who received betamethasone felt less pain in 4 hours (p = 0.0177) and 24 hours (p = 0.0012) compared to those who received the placebo. Conclusions: betamethasone at a dose of 0.05 mg / body weight administered in the periapical region is a advantageous protocol due to its effectiveness, and also because of the comfort it provides to patients in the prevention or control of inflammatory pain in endodontics.

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In Vivo Study of Calcium Hydroxide Endodontic Treatment in Chronic Apical Periodontitis

ARS Medica Tomitana ◽

10.2478/arsm-2018-0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 164-167

Author(s):

Gheorghiu Irina-Maria ◽

Mitran Loredana ◽

M. Mitran ◽

Temelcea Anca-Nicoleta ◽

Scarlatesc Sanziana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Essential Role ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Microbial Load ◽

Root Canals

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficiency of endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide in chronic apical periodontitis by determining the microbial load from the endodontic space in different stages of treatment. The microbiological determinations that have been made have led to the conclusion that calcium hydroxide possesses a redoubltable antimicrobial activity, but only with the condition of long-lasting contact with the root canals. Another important result is the essential role of the rigorous biomechanical treatment of the root canals, intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide is addresses mostly to microorganisms located in root canal ramifications.

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide combined omeprazole against enterococcus faecalis

Salud Uninorte ◽

10.14482/sun.34.3.616.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 551-557

Author(s):

Javier Alvear Pérez ◽

Stella Pupo Marrugo ◽

Andrés Romero

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis

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Antimicrobial Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Electrolyzed Superoxidized Solution at Neutral pH on Enterococcus faecalis Growth

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6960143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Héctor Armando Jimenez-Gonzalez ◽

María Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda ◽

Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda ◽

Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca ◽

Myriam Angélica De La Garza-Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Root Canals ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Solution Saline

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. Methods. Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. Results. A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log 10 CFU / mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log 10 CFU / mL . In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time ( pH = 12.2 ± 0.033 ) to 18 d posttreatment ( pH = 12.6 ± 0.083 ). Conclusion. The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.

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Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Heracleum persicum and Ziziphora tenuior L. Extracts, Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis as Intracanal Medicaments in Root Canal Therapy – An In Vitro Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (38) ◽

pp. 3395-3400

Author(s):

Aida Mehdipour ◽

Maryam Akbarzadeh ◽

Somayeh Kermani ◽

Saeed Shams ◽

Alireza Karimi

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Heracleum Persicum

BACKGROUND Given that periapical bacterial infections are considered as one of the causes of endodontic treatment failure, and biomechanical methods may not be able to eliminate bacteria resistant to endodontic treatment, including Enterococcus faecalis; therefore, this study was conducted to compare the antibacterial effects of Golpar and Kakoti extracts with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine against E. faecalis. METHODS At first, Heracleum persicum (Golpar) and Ziziphora tenuior L. (Kakoti) plants were extracted by ethanol solvent using the cold maceration method and a vacuum distillation apparatus. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 was used as the standard strain in all stages of the experiment. Antibiogram, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the prepared extracts. The anti-biofilm activity of the extracts was evaluated similar to MIC evaluation but with a longer incubation time and analyzed by ELISA at a wavelength of 492 nm. RESULTS The antibiogram test showed a growth inhibition zone diameter of 4 mm only for chlorhexidine. In addition, chlorhexidine exhibited the highest inhibitory and bactericidal activities in the MIC and MBC tests, respectively (MIC / MBC < 1.562 mg / mL). The MIC of Golpar, Kakoti, and Golpar + Kakoti extracts was determined to be 50 mg / mL. No significant inhibitory activity was observed for calcium hydroxide either alone or in combination with the plants' extracts. The MBC of Kakoti extract was 50 mg / mL, and the other compounds had an MBC greater than 100 mg / mL. CONCLUSIONS The present in vitro study showed that the highest inhibitory activity against E. faecalis was related to chlorhexidine; however, Golpar and Kakoti extracts at a concentration of 50 mg / mL exhibited a proper inhibitory activity compared to calcium hydroxide. Therefore, further studies are recommended to be conducted in the future. KEYWORDS Enterococcus faecalis, Ziziphora tenuior L., Heracleum persicum, Chlorhexidine, Calcium Hydroxide, Antibacterial effects.

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Antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide associated with a new vehicle (Triethanolamine)

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2016.v19i1.1179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Jaci Simi Junior ◽

Ricardo Machado ◽

Rafael Stiz ◽

Cristiane Figueiredo ◽

Luiz Pascoal Vansan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Significance Level ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide associated with a two conventional (anesthetic liquid and olive oil) and a new vehicle (Triethanolamine). Material and methods: Initially, microorganisms were collected from four upper incisors presenting unsatisfactory root canal treatments and persistent apical periodontitis from the same patient using sterile absorbent paper cones placed inside the root canal following initial access and root filling removal. Next, they were grown in a BHI culture medium for 24 h. Afterwards, they were placed in 10 Petri dishes with 3 holes, where different formulations of the medications studied were placed. After 48 and 72 h, readings were taken of the growth inhibition halos. Results: After using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of 1% (α = 0.01) it was observed that, calcium hydroxide associated with Triethanolamine, produced results similar to those produced by the anesthetic liquid. Both combinations were superior to the association with olive oil. Conclusion: Considering the results of this in vitro study, it is possible to consider that Triethanolamine can be a viable alternative to be used as a vehicle associated with the calcium hydroxide.Keywords: Vehicles; Calcium hydroxide; Endodontics.

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Antibacterial effectiveness in vitro of different formulations of calcium hydroxide paste

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720170002000013127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Israel Alexandre De Araujo SENA ◽

Isaac Jordão De Souza ARAÚJO ◽

Marquiony Marques Dos SANTOS ◽

Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcanti LIMA

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Inhibition Zones

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide paste against microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Methods: To evaluate antibacterial activity through the agar diffusion method, pastes of calcium hydroxide were made from its pro-analysis form, diffused into four separate vehicles: distilled water, camphorated p-monochlorophenol, propylene glycol and Otosporin®, testing the antimicrobial activity of these on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After the incubation period, the presence or otherwise of inhibition zones were observed and their sizes in three stages: 24h, 48h and 72h. With this data, the median between the four dishes was obtained and the consequent value was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical analysis, with post-tests of Mann-Whitney and Bonferroni correction, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Only pastes with camphorated p-monochlorophenol and Otosporin vehicles caused the formation of significant inhibition zones, with medians of 8.0 mm. Against the strains of Enterococcus faecalis, only pastes with the camphorated p-monochlorophenol vehicle resulted in the formation of significant inhibition zones, with a median of 3.0 mm. Conclusion : Otosporin and CMCP vehicles provide greater antimicrobial potential to calcium hydroxide against the studied bacteria. However, only the Ca(OH)2 and CMCP combination was effective against all the strains, and can thus be regarded as the paste formulation with the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness in this study.

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Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCI) 2.5%, Microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, Microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the Enterococcus Faecalis After Root Canal Filling

Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jams.24.3.6321.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 424-437

Author(s):

Forough Khodadadnejad ◽

◽

Majid Akbari ◽

Fateme Abdolalian ◽

Mahboube Daneshvar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Anterior Teeth

Background and Aim: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria inside the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive, pathogenic, and anaerobic cocci, are the primary etiology of root canal infection in treated and untreated teeth and are highly associated with endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity of Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the E. faecalis after root canal filling. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 25 extracted single canal human anterior teeth were collected, and their crowns were cut. Then after washing and cleaning, and filling, the sterilization was done using an autoclave. Then, except 5 teeth (negative control group), the teeth were smeared with E. faecalis and then divided into 5 groups randomly represented the irrigation by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6%, with a positive control group and negative control group. The teeth were filled with gutta-percha and then incubated in an incubator for 90 days at a temperature of 37°C. Finally, the comparison of CFU in the groups due to abnormal data distribution was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.297). Results: According to the results of this study, the correlation between the groups of cultured teeth was not significant(P>0.05). The specimens washed with microemulsion of the Thyme 0.6% had the highest positive number of cultures; the specimens washed by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% had the lowest number of cultures. Conclusion: This study showed that no statistically significant difference exists in their antimicrobial activity after root canal therapy after the use of different wash solutions.

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