scholarly journals Adaptive Motion Compensated Spatial Temporal Filter of Colonoscopy Video

2021 ◽  
pp. 4148-4157
Author(s):  
Nidhal Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adaptive Motion ◽  
Temporal Filter

   Colonoscopy is a popular procedure which is used to detect an abnormality. Early diagnosis can help to heal many patients. The purpose of this paper is removing/reducing some artifacts to improve the visual quality of colonoscopy videos to provide better information for physicians. This work complements a series of work consisting of three previously published papers. In this paper, optic flow is used for motion compensation, where a number of consecutive images are registered to integrate some information to create a new image that has/reveals more information than the original one. Colon images were classified into informative and noninformative images by using a deep neural network. Then, two different strategies were used to treat informative and noninformative images. Informative images were treated by using Lucas Kanade with an adaptive temporal mean/median filter, whereas noninformative images were treated by using Lucas Kanade with a derivative of Gaussian (LKDOG) and adaptive temporal median images. Comparison showed that this work achieved better results than those achieved by the state-of-the-art strategies for the same degraded colon images data set. The new proposed algorithm reduced the error alignment by a factor of about 0.3, with a 100% successful image alignment ratio. In conclusion, this algorithm achieved better results than the state-of-the-art approaches in case of enhancing the informative images as shown in the results section; also, it helped to reveal some information from noninformative images that have very few details/no details.

scholarly journals Smoothing vs. sharpening of colour images: Together or separated

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pérez-Benito ◽  
Samuel Morillas ◽  
Cristina Jordán ◽  
J. Alberto Conejero
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

AbstractIt is still a challenge to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of image denoising and enhancement methods. There exists denoising and enhancement methods that are able to improve visual quality of images. This is usually obtained by removing noise while sharpening details and improving edges contrast. Smoothing refers to the case of denoising when noise follows a Gaussian distribution.Both operations, smoothing noise and sharpening, have an opposite nature. Therefore, there are few approaches that simultaneously respond to both goals. We will review these methods and we will also provide a detailed study of the state-of-the-art methods that attack both problems in colour images, separately.

scholarly journals ART-UP: A Novel Method for Generating Scanning-Robust Aesthetic QR Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Xiting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Quick response (QR) codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may cause scanning failure. In this article, a new method to generate scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes is proposed, which is based on a module-based scanning probability estimation model that can effectively balance the tradeoff between visual quality and scanning robustness. Our method locally adjusts the luminance of each module by estimating the probability of successful sampling. The approach adopts the hierarchical, coarse-to-fine strategy to enhance the visual quality of aesthetic QR codes, which sequentially generate the following three codes: a binary aesthetic QR code, a grayscale aesthetic QR code, and the final color aesthetic QR code. Our approach also can be used to create QR codes with different visual styles by adjusting some initialization parameters. User surveys and decoding experiments were adopted for evaluating our method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, which indicates that the proposed approach has excellent performance in terms of both visual quality and scanning robustness.

scholarly journals A Benchmark and Evaluation of Non-Rigid Structure from Motion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hoppe Nesgaard Jensen ◽  
Mads Emil Brix Doest ◽  
Henrik Aanæs ◽  
Alessio Del Bue
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rigid Structure ◽  
Public Data ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Further Development

AbstractNon-rigid structure from motion (nrsfm), is a long standing and central problem in computer vision and its solution is necessary for obtaining 3D information from multiple images when the scene is dynamic. A main issue regarding the further development of this important computer vision topic, is the lack of high quality data sets. We here address this issue by presenting a data set created for this purpose, which is made publicly available, and considerably larger than the previous state of the art. To validate the applicability of this data set, and provide an investigation into the state of the art of nrsfm, including potential directions forward, we here present a benchmark and a scrupulous evaluation using this data set. This benchmark evaluates 18 different methods with available code that reasonably spans the state of the art in sparse nrsfm. This new public data set and evaluation protocol will provide benchmark tools for further development in this challenging field.

scholarly journals A Decentralised Approach to Intersection Traffic Management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Vu ◽  
Samir Aknine ◽  
Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Traffic Conditions

Traffic congestion has a significant impact on quality of life and the economy. This paper presents a decentralised traffic management mechanism for intersections using a distributed constraint optimisation approach (DCOP). Our solution outperforms the state of the art solution both for stable traffic conditions (about 60% reduced waiting time) and robustness to unpredictable events. 

scholarly journals A qualidade visual da paisagem do Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba (SP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silva Junior ◽  
Jéssica Andrade Vilas Boas ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Cordeiro Bernardes ◽  
Maria Inês Nogueira Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Ecological Processes

Os processos ecológicos contribuem de forma ímpar para vivência humana, sendo capazes de fornecer condições essenciais à manutenção da vida na Terra, permitindo que ecossistemas se mantenham em equilíbrio. Nesse cenário, algumas áreas designadas legalmente pelo poder público, incubem-se de proteger vestígios naturais às ações antrópicas, porém estas áreas protegidas vêm sofrendo continuamente com pressões humanas mesmo em seus interiores. Assim, o Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta (PEIA), localizado no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, é uma das áreas protegidas mais visitadas do estado. Nesse contexto, diversas atividades recreativas são permitidas em seu interior, possibilitando assim possíveis adversidades aos processos ecológicos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade visual da paisagem do PEIA, por meio de indicadores ambientais. Para tal, foram selecionadas 10 paisagens de alta relevância quanto a sua beleza cênica, fluxo de turistas, amplitude visual, relevância educacional e para a conservação ambiental. As paisagens encontram-se em diferentes altitudes, fitofisionomias, aspectos abióticos e níveis de acesso público, com diversidade espacial, o que confere características únicas a elas. Os seguintes indicadores visuais foram usados na classificação das paisagens: diversidade; naturalidade; singularidade e detratores. Além disso, os locais foram georreferenciados e fotografados. Como resultado, quatro locais apresentaram qualidade visual média; quatro, com qualidade visual média superior e duas paisagens com qualidade visual superior. Em geral, a qualidade visual foi inferior nas zonas frontais do PEIA, onde o acesso aos turistas é facilitado por trilhas e infraestrutura de apoio. Já regiões mais afastadas e de difícil acesso foram as que apresentaram melhor qualidade visual. Deste modo, conclui-se que de fato a interferência humana reflete diretamente na qualidade visual das paisagens e assim, medidas de gestão ambiental, principalmente a atualização do seu plano de manejo, que data de 1989, podem dar suporte a uma proteção mais qualificada ao parque, bem como, proporcionar uma experiência ainda mais agradável e educativa aos seus visitantes. Quality visual landscape of State Park Anchieta Island, Ubatuba (SP, Brazil) ABSTRACT The ecological processes contribute in a unique way to human experience, being able to provide essential conditions for sustaining life on earth, allowing that keep ecosystems in balance. In this scenario, some areas legally designated by the Government, incubate up to protect natural traces to human actions, but these protected areas are continuously suffering from human pressures even in their interiors, Thus, the State Park of the Anchieta Island (PEIA), located on the northern coast of São Paulo, is one of the most visited protected areas of the state. In this context, various recreational activities are allowed inside, thus enabling possible adversities to ecological processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the visual quality of PEIA landscape through environmental indicators. To this end, were selected 10 landscapes of high relevance as its scenic beauty, tourist flow, visual range, educational relevance and to environmental conservation. The landscapes are at different altitudes, vegetation types, abiotic aspects and public access levels with spatial diversity, which gives unique characteristics to them. The following visual indicators were used in the classification of landscapes: diversity; naturalness; uniqueness and detractors. Furthermore, the sites were georeferenced and photographed. As result, four sites had visual medium quality; four, with visual medium superior quality and two landscapes with visual superior quality. In general, the visual quality was lower in the frontal areas of the PEIA, where access to tourists is facilitated by trails and infrastructure support. Already more remote areas and difficult access showed the best visual quality. Thus, it is concluded that in fact human interference directly reflects the visual quality of the landscape and thus environmental management measures, mainly updating its management plan, dating from 1989 can support a more qualified protection park, as well as provide an experience even more enjoyable and educational visitors. KEYWORDS: Ecotourism; Protected Areas; Environmental Indicators.

Ensemble-based deep meta learning for medical image segmentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Usman Ahmed ◽  
Jerry Chun-Wei Lin ◽  
Gautam Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Medical Image Segmentation ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Meta Learning ◽  
Small Set

Deep learning methods have led to a state of the art medical applications, such as image classification and segmentation. The data-driven deep learning application can help stakeholders to collaborate. However, limited labelled data set limits the deep learning algorithm to generalize for one domain into another. To handle the problem, meta-learning helps to learn from a small set of data. We proposed a meta learning-based image segmentation model that combines the learning of the state-of-the-art model and then used it to achieve domain adoption and high accuracy. Also, we proposed a prepossessing algorithm to increase the usability of the segments part and remove noise from the new test image. The proposed model can achieve 0.94 precision and 0.92 recall. The ability to increase 3.3% among the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Streaming Coded Video in P2P Networks

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-222
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Raheel ◽  
Raad Raad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Approximation Algorithms ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scalable Video Coding ◽  
The State ◽  
P2p Network ◽  
Scalable Video ◽  
Adequate Quality

This chapter discusses the state of the art in dealing with the resource optimization problem for smooth delivery of video across a peer to peer (P2P) network. It further discusses the properties of using different video coding techniques such as Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and Multiple Descriptive Coding (MDC) to overcome the playback latency in multimedia streaming and maintains an adequate quality of service (QoS) among the users. The problem can be summarized as follows; Given that a video is requested by a peer in the network, what properties of SVC and MDC can be exploited to deliver the video with the highest quality, least upload bandwidth and least delay from all participating peers. However, the solution to these problems is known to be NP hard. Hence, this chapter presents the state of the art in approximation algorithms or techniques that have been proposed to overcome these issues.

The Playout Control Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 689-702
Author(s):  
Mirko Luca Lobina ◽  
Luigi Atzori ◽  
Fabrizio Boi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The State ◽  
Ip Telephony ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
Control Management

IP Telephony provides a way for an enterprise to extend consistent communication services to all employees, whether they are in main campus locations, at branch offices, or working remotely, also with a mobile phone. IP Telephony transmits voice communications over a network using open standard-based Internet protocols. This is both the strength and weakness of IP Telephony as the involved basic transport protocols (RTP, UDP, and IP) are not able to natively guarantee the required application quality of service (QoS). From the point of view of an IP Telephony Service Provider this definitely means possible waste of clients and money. Specifically the problem is at two different levels: i) in some countries, wherelong distance and particularly international call tariffs are high, perhaps due to a lack of competition or due to cross subsidies to other services, the major opportunity for IP Telephony Service Providers is for price arbitrage. This means working on diffusion of an acceptable service, although not at high quality levels; ii) in other countries, where different IP Telephony Service Providers already exist, the problem is competition for offering the best possible quality. The main idea behind this chapter is to analyze specifically the state of the art playout control strategies with the following aims: i) propose the reader the technical state of the art playout control management and planning strategies (overview of basic KPIs for IP Telephony); ii) compare the strategies IP Telephony Service Provider can choose with the aim of saving money and offering a better quality of service; iii) introduce also the state of the art quality index for IP Telephony, that is a set of algorithms for taking into account as many factors as possible to evaluate the service quality; iv) provide the reader with examples on some economic scenarios of IP Telephony.

scholarly journals Dialogue Generation: From Imitation Learning to Inverse Reinforcement Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6722-6729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziming Li ◽  
Julia Kiseleva ◽  
Maarten De Rijke
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Imitation Learning ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Inverse Reinforcement Learning ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Overall Performance

The performance of adversarial dialogue generation models relies on the quality of the reward signal produced by the discriminator. The reward signal from a poor discriminator can be very sparse and unstable, which may lead the generator to fall into a local optimum or to produce nonsense replies. To alleviate the first problem, we first extend a recently proposed adversarial dialogue generation method to an adversarial imitation learning solution. Then, in the framework of adversarial inverse reinforcement learning, we propose a new reward model for dialogue generation that can provide a more accurate and precise reward signal for generator training. We evaluate the performance of the resulting model with automatic metrics and human evaluations in two annotation settings. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model can generate more high-quality responses and achieve higher overall performance than the state-of-the-art.

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