scholarly journals The dependence of spectral parameters in the cross-sectional equation of coherent and incoherent radiation on energy using a mathematical method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1537-1549
Author(s):  
Raed Sabeeh Karyakos ◽  
Ilham M. Yacoob ◽  
Muna Y. Slewa ◽  
Amal M. Banoosh
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incoherent Radiation ◽  
Absorption Experiment ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
The Cross ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The dependence of the cross-section of the coherent and incoherent radiation peaks in the X-ray absorption experiment of different energies (20-800 Kev) was investigated. Cross-sectional dependence on the atomic number Z was included from the published data for (8) elements, ranging from carbon to silver (C-Ag). The proportional constant K was obtained between (σc/σi), with the atomic number Z from (6-47). The results show that the value of K exponentially changes with energy.

Non-invasive investigation of the cross-sectional solids distribution in CFB risers by X-ray computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hensler ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Juan Sebastian Gomez Bonilla ◽  
Thorsten Wörlein ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Cross

Quantitative effective atomic number imaging using simultaneous x-ray absorption and phase shift measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 111902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Mukaide ◽  
Masatoshi Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Takada ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Kazunori Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Difference in Diagnosis and Classification of Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Augusto Da Costa Teixeira ◽  
Ana Caroline Negreiros Prates ◽  
Franciane Pereira Brant ◽  
Rávylla Rúbia Lima ◽  
Ronaldo Luis Thomasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
And Function ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive reduction in muscle mass, strength and function that comes with aging. There is still broad disagreement regarding for understanding and establishment of universal criteria for the screening of sarcopenia. The objective of present study is to assess differences in the diagnosis and classification of sarcopenia by applying six different criteria to the same sample. Methods Study using the criteria proposed by five groups of authors. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) using a Lunar DPX densitometer. Results Participated 156 older women. The frequency of sarcopenia varied depending on the criteria used. The above frequencies exhibited statistically significant differences (p = 0.009). Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcopenia in older women varies according to the proposed criteria.

scholarly journals X-ray CT Analysis of the Cross-Section of a 3D-Printed Deformed Layer

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7764
Author(s):  
Ho-Jae Lee ◽  
Eun-A Seo ◽  
Won-Woo Kim ◽  
Jun-Mo Yang ◽  
Jae-Heum Moon
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deformed Layer ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Cross

In this study, we experimentally analyzed the deformation shape of stacked layers developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The nozzle traveling speed was changed to 80, 90, 100, and 110 mm/s when printing the layers to analyze its effect on layer deformation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area and the number of layers were analyzed by printing five layers with overall dimensions of 1000 (w) × 2200 (l) × 50 (h) mm (each layer was 10 mm high) using Vernier calipers. Moreover, we analyzed the interface and cross-sectional area of layers that are difficult to confirm visually using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) analysis. As a result of measuring the deformation at the center of the layer, it was confirmed that the deformation was greater for lower nozzle traveling speeds. Consequently, the X-ray CT analysis verified that the layer had the same cross-sectional area irrespective of the layer printing order at the same nozzle travel speed, even if the layer was deformed.

An Algorithm for the Description of White and Characteristic Tube Spectra (11 ≤ Z ≤ 83, 10keV ≤ Eo ≤ 50keV)

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ebel ◽  
H. Wiederschwinger ◽  
J. Wernisch ◽  
P.A. Pella
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Spectral Responses ◽  
The Continuum

Kramers described the cross section of electron interaction with target atoms of atomic number Z bywhere Eo is the kinetic energy of impinging electrons, and E o S) the energy of x-ray photons of the continuum, Smith et al modified this equation, introducing an exponent x, so thatWe applied the cross-section σS, E to the evaluation of experimental results. The evaluation of the measured spectral responses of the x-ray signals nE was performed bywhere f(deff) describes the absorption of x-rays of energy E in the target, RE accounts for backscattering of electrons, DE quantifies the efficiency of x-ray detection within the solid angle Ω.

A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1658-1659
Author(s):  
I Farthing ◽  
G Love ◽  
VD Scott ◽  
CT Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Epma Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.

Laser and synchrotron radiation pump-probe x-ray absorption experiment with sub-ns resolution

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bressler ◽  
M. Chergui ◽  
Phillip Pattison ◽  
Michael Wulff ◽  
Adriano Filipponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Experiment ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Preparation of Plating-Diffusion Composite Coating on Ti-Based Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1741-1744
Author(s):  
Li Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Sheng Yang ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Xiao Dong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Hardness Gradient ◽  
Scanning Electron

A composite coating was prepared on Ti-6Al-4V surface by the combination of nitriding, Mo-sputtering and sulfurizing treatments. The microstructure and phase constituent of the composite coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Furthermore, the cross-sectional hardness gradient of the coating was determined. The results revealed that the composite coating consisted of Ti, Mo, MoS2, TiN and transition layer and the grain size of the sulfides formed on the coating surface were different with treatment temperature. The examination of the cross-sectional hardness of the composite coating revealed that the coating was an ideal tribological surface.

scholarly journals Estimating long-run effects and the exponent of cross-sectional dependence: An update to xtdcce2

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-707
Author(s):  
Jan Ditzen
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
The Cross

In this article, I describe several updates to xtdcce2 (Ditzen, 2018, Stata Journal 18: 585–617). First, I explain how to estimate long-run effects in models with cross-sectional dependence. I review three methods to estimate the long-run effects and discuss their implementation into Stata using xtdcce2. Two of the estimation methods build on Chudik et al. (2016, Advances in Econometrics: Vol. 36—Essays in Honor of Aman Ullah, 85–135): the cross-sectionally augmented distributed lag and the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag estimator. As a third alternative, I review an error-correction model in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. Second, I explain how to estimate the exponent of cross-sectional dependence using xtcse2 following Bailey, Kapetanios, and Pesaran (2016, Journal of Applied Econometrics 31: 929–960; 2019, Sankhyā 81: 46–102).

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