Efficacy of Targeted Medical Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and Predictors of Failure

Background No standardized medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is universally accepted. Success of medical therapy is reportedly 50% to 88%, but studies differ in inclusion criteria, medications, duration of therapy, and defining “success.” The objectives of this study were to determine efficacy of a standardized targeted medical therapy (TMT) regimen in CRS and to analyze factors associated with failure of therapy. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. CRS was diagnosed based on CRS Taskforce guidelines. TMT was defined as a minimum 4-week treatment with oral antibiotics, oral steroids, topical nasal steroids, topical nasal decongestant rotation, and saline nasal douching. “Failure” was defined as relapse/persistence of signs/symptoms or need for surgery. One hundred forty-five patients that received TMT, with a minimum 2-month follow-up, were identified. The results of therapy were reviewed to determine efficacy and analyze factors associated with failure. Results Seventy-four patients (51.03%) were successfully treated. Failures included 26 patients (17.8%) with only partial improvement and 45 (31.03%) who underwent surgery. Only history of facial pressure/pain (p = 0.049), presence of mucosal inflammation (p = 0.013), and higher endoscopic severity grade (p = 0.011) were associated with failure of TMT. Conclusions TMT was unequivocally successful in 51% of patients. Failures included 31% who underwent surgery and 18% with partial benefit. Surgery was avoided in 69%. Facial pressure/pain, mucosal inflammation, and higher endoscopic severity grade were associated with failure of medical therapy.

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American Rhinologic Society Member Survey on “Maximal Medical Therapy” for Chronic Rhinosinusitis

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3047 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 483-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Marc G. Dubin ◽

Cindy Liu ◽

Sandra Y. Lin ◽

Brent A. Senior

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Oral Antibiotics ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Nasal Steroids ◽

Oral Steroids ◽

Maximal Medical Therapy

Background “Maximal medical therapy” is the standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment before the recommendation for surgery. However, this therapy is not consistent. Therefore, as a first step in determining the role of the disparate “maximal medical” treatments for CRS, American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members were surveyed. Methods A survey was mailed to all nonresident members of the ARS (n = 723). Focusing on the time period before surgical intervention is first considered for CRS patients, the survey assessed types of therapies, frequency of use, details on antibiotic and steroid usage, use of computed tomography (CT), and demographic data of respondents. All responses were anonymous. Results Three hundred eight surveys were returned (43%). A majority of respondents used oral antibiotics and nasal steroids “almost always (>90%).” Oral antibiotics, oral steroids, nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and allergy testing were most commonly used at least “usually (50–90%).” The median antibiotic length was 3.1–4 weeks. The mean peak prednisone dose was 51.7 mg when oral steroids were used. Therapies that were rarely or never used by the majority included oral antifungals, antifungal spray, antibiotic spray, antibiotic nebulizer, steroid nebulizer, and i.v. antibiotics. Conclusion Oral antibiotics (median, 3.1–4 weeks) and nasal steroids are used >90% of the time by a majority of ARS members for maximal medical treatment of CRS.

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Abstract 13030: Causes of Cardiovascular and Non-cardiovascular Mortality in the Ischemia Trial

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Mandeep S Sidhu ◽

Karen P Alexander ◽

Zhen Huang ◽

Sean M O’Brien ◽

Bernard R Chaitman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

International Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Clinical Events ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

History Of ◽

Multivariable Analyses ◽

Clinical Events Committee

Background: In the ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial, all-cause mortality was similar in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) randomized to invasive (INV) and conservative (CON) management strategies. This analysis details specific causes of cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV mortality by treatment group. Methods: In ISCHEMIA, 289 deaths occurred after a median follow-up of 3.2 years; 145 (5.6%) in INV and 144 (5.6%) in CON (HR 1.05, CI 0.83-1.32). Deaths were adjudicated by an independent Clinical Events Committee as CV, non-CV with or without a CV contributor or undetermined. The protocol defined CV death as deaths from CV causes, non-CV causes with CV contributor, and cause undetermined; non-CV death was defined as death from non-CV causes without a CV contributor. Multivariable analyses were used to identify factors associated with cause-specific death. Results: CV death was similar between groups [INV 92 (3.6%), CON 111 (4.3%); HR 0.87 (CI 0.66, 1.15)], but INV had more non-CV death [INV 53 (2.0%), CON 33 (1.3%); HR 1.63 (CI 1.06, 2.52)]; fewer undetermined deaths [INV 12 (0.5%) and CON 26 (1.0%); HR 0.48 (0.24, 0.95)] and more malignancy deaths [INV 41 (1.6%), CON 20 (0.8%); HR 2.11 (1.24, 3.61)]. In multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with CV death were age [HR 1.42 (CI 1.19-1.70) per 10-year increase], diabetes [HR 1.39 (CI 1.03-1.87)], history of heart failure [HR 1.96 (CI 1.33-2.91)], and eGFR [HR 1.18 (CI 1.11-1.26) per 5-ml/min decrease below 80ml/min]. Factors associated with non-CV death were age [HR 2.31 (CI 1.75-3.03) per 10-year increase] and randomization to INV [HR 1.76 (CI 1.13-2.75)]. Conclusions: In ISCHEMIA, all-cause mortality was similar for the INV and CON strategies. Excess non-CV deaths in INV with a higher number of deaths from malignancy but a higher number of undetermined deaths in CON requires further evaluation.

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P5341Predictive factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases events in HIV-HVC co-infected patients: results from hepavih ANRS co13 cohort

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

F Boccara ◽

B K Tan ◽

M Chalouni ◽

D Salmon Ceron ◽

A Cinaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Sustained Viral Response ◽

Biological Data ◽

Personal History ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Introduction Several studies highlighted an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-HCV co-infected patients without clearly identifying specific virologic factors associated with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) events. Purpose Hence, we analyzed data collection from the French nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort to determine the incidence of ASCVD events in HIV-HCV co-infected patients and the predictive factors associated with its occurrence. Methods The French multicenter nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH clinic-based cohort collected prospective clinical and biological data from HIV-HCV co-infected patients followed-up in 28 different university hospitals between December 2005 to November 2016. Participants with at least one year of follow-up were included. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major ASCVD events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization and stroke). Secondary outcomes were total ASCVD events including major ASCVD events and minor ASCVD events (peripheral arterial disease [PAD]). Incidence rates were estimated using Aalen-Johansen method and factors associated with ASCVD identified with Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 1213 patients were included: median age 45.4 years [42.1–49.0], 70.3% men, current smoking 70.2%, overweight 19.5%, liver cirrhosis 18.9%, chronic alcohol consumption 7.8%, diabetes mellitus (5.9%), personal history of CVD 2.7%, and statins use 4.1%. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years [3.9–7.0], 44 participants experienced at least one ASCVD event (26 major ASCVD event, and 20 a minor event). Incidences for total, major and minor ASCVD events were of 6.98 [5.19; 9.38], 4.01 [2.78; 6.00], and 3.17 [2.05; 4.92] per 1000 person-years, respectively. Personal history of CVD (Hazard Ratio (HR)=13.94 [4.25–45.66]), high total cholesterol (HR=1.63 [1.24–2.15]), low HDL cholesterol (HR=0.08 [0.02–0.34]) and undetectable HIV viral load (HR=0.41 [0.18–0.96]) were identified as independent factors associated with major ASCVD events while cirrhosis status, liver fibrosis and HCV sustained viral response were not. Cumulative incidence of CV events Conclusion HIV-HCV co-infected patients experience a high incidence of ASCVD events both coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Traditional CV risk factors are the main determinants of ASCVD whereas undetectable HIV viral load seems to be protective. Management of cholesterol abnormalities and controlling viral load are essential to modify this high cardiovascular risk. Acknowledgement/Funding Agence Natoinale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites virales

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Risk Factors for Tuberculosis (TB) Among Household Contacts of Patients With Smear-Positive TB in 8 Provinces of Vietnam: A Nested Case-Control Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1742 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kavindhran Velen ◽

Nguyen Viet Nhung ◽

Nguyen Thu Anh ◽

Pham Duc Cuong ◽

Nguyen Binh Hoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Key Population ◽

History Of ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to account for significant morbidity and mortality annually. Household contacts (HHCs) of persons with TB are a key population for targeting prevention and control interventions. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with developing TB among HHCs. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study among HHCs in 8 provinces in Vietnam enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of active case finding for TB. Cases were any HHCs diagnosed and registered with TB within the Vietnam National TB Program during 2 years of follow-up. Controls were selected by simple random sampling from the remaining HHCs. Risk factor data were collected at enrollment and during follow-up. A logistic regression model was developed to determine predictors of TB among HHCs. Results We selected 1254 HHCs for the analysis: 214 cases and 1040 controls. Underlying characteristics varied between both groups; cases were older, more likely to be male, with a higher proportion of reported previous TB and diabetes. Risk factors associated with a TB diagnosis included being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.0), residing in an urban setting (aOR, 1.8; 1.3–2.5), prior TB (aOR, 4.6; 2.5–8.7), history of diabetes (aOR, 3.1; 1.7–5.8), current smoking (aOR, 3.1; 2.2–4.4), and prolonged history of coughing in the index case at enrollment (OR , 1.6; 1.1–2.3). Conclusions Household contacts remain an important key population for TB prevention and control. TB programs should ensure effective contact investigations are implemented for household contacts, particularly those with additional risk factors for developing TB.

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Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Gallstones in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy Combined With Choledochoscopic Lithotomy: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Frontiers in Surgery ◽

10.3389/fsurg.2021.759390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Anhua Huang ◽

Min Jiang ◽

Haidong Li ◽

Wenqing Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Gallbladder Wall ◽

Postoperative Recurrence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Objective: For patients with gallstones, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy is a therapeutic surgical option for preservation rather than the removal of the gallbladder. However, postoperative recurrence of gallstones is a key concern for both patients and surgeons. This prospective study was performed to investigate the risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.Methods: The clinical data of 466 patients were collected. Each patient was followed up for up to 2 years. The first follow-up visit occurred 4 months after the operation, and a follow-up visit was carried out every 6 months thereafter. The main goal of each visit was to confirm the presence or absence of gallbladder stones. The factors associated with gallstone recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox regression.Results: In total, 466 eligible patients were included in the study, and 438 patients (180 men and 258 women) completed the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The follow-up rate was 94.0%. Recurrence of gallstones was detected in 5.71% (25/438) of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed five risk factors for the recurrence of gallstones. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallbladder stones were the three predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of gallstones (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The overall 2-year recurrence rate of gallstones after the operation was 5.71%. Multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallstones were the three risk factors associated with early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.

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Efficacy of Medical Therapy in Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2012.3.0027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. ar.2012.3.0027 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lee C. Young ◽

Nicholas W. Stow ◽

Lifeng Zhou ◽

Richard G. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Oral Prednisone ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Before And After ◽

Long Term Follow Up

Uncomplicated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is generally treated with medical therapy initially and surgery is contemplated only after medical therapy has failed. However, there is considerable variation in the medical treatment regimens used and studies defining their efficacy are few. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients treated medically who responded sufficiently well so that surgery was not required. Subgroup analysis to identify clinical features that predicted a favorable response to medical therapy was also performed. Eighty patients referred to the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic at North Shore Hospital were treated with a standardized medical therapy protocol (oral prednisone for 3 weeks, oral antibiotics and ongoing saline lavage and intranasal budesonide spray). Symptom scores were collected before and after medical therapy. Clinical features such as presence of polyps, asthma, and aspirin hypersensitivity were recorded. Failure of medical therapy was defined as the persistence of significant CRS symptoms, and those patients who failed medical therapy were offered surgery. Follow-up data were available for 72 (90%) patients. Of this group, 52.5%, (95% CI, 42.7%, 62.2%) failed to respond adequately to medical therapy and were offered surgery. The remaining patients (37.5%) were successfully treated with medical therapy and did not require surgery at the time of follow-up. The premedical therapy symptom scores were significantly higher than the postmedical therapy symptom scores (p < 0.01). The symptom scores of those patients postmedical therapy who proceeded to have surgery were significantly higher than the group who responded well to maximum medical therapy (MMT) and did not require surgery (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with asthma, aspirin sensitivity, or polyps between the groups failing or not failing MMT. In approximately one-third of patients with CRS, medical therapy improved symptoms sufficiently so that surgical therapy was avoided. Patients with more severe symptoms tended not to respond as well as those with less severe symptoms. Long-term follow-up is required for the group of responders to determine how many will eventually relapse.

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Atticotomy: A Neglected Otosurgical Technique

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947408300514 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 652-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Paul Donald ◽

Brian F. McCabe ◽

Sara S. Loevy

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Bone Erosion ◽

Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽

Favorable Result ◽

Radical Mastoidectomy ◽

Retraction Pocket ◽

Modified Radical Mastoidectomy ◽

History Of

Transmeatal atticotomy was a popular surgical procedure during the turn of the century. Due to its limited success it was replaced by the modified radical mastoidectomy. An investigation of the indications, technique and results of transmeatal atticotomy done at the University of Iowa Hospitals was undertaken. A review of 82 patients with a 12 month or more follow-up and 61 patients with a 24 month or more follow-up was done. An attempt was made to discuss what factors in the history, physical examination, x-ray and audiological exam, operative findings and operative techniques influenced the patient's eventual outcome. The criteria for a successful result were considered to be: 1) no drainage from eight weeks postoperatively; 2) no tympanic membrane perforation; 3) no retraction pocket out of sight or touch with a Day hook; 4) no residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. The transmeatal atticotomy is primarily used in the extirpation of cholesteatoma confined to the epitympanum. It is occasionally used in the mobilization of ossicles with congenital fixation in the attic. At our institution the indications for atticotomy in patients with cholesteatoma are 1) drainage responsive to medical therapy (aural saline irrigations and antibiotic steroid ear drops); 2) absence of bone erosion on otologic or radiologic examination; 3) minimal hearing loss, e.g., an SRT of 40 dB or better; 4) absence of complication. Of the cases investigated 73.2% had a clean, dry ear without a retraction pocket, perforation or cholesteatoma at two years postoperative follow-up. Of the failures there were 12 cholesteatomas and two marginal perforations that occurred. There was therefore a 17.1% incidence of failure of atticotomy resulting in a dangerous ear. Of these, five required modified radical mastoidectomy for irradication of disease. Examination of the history presented by these patients revealed that those who had a history of drainage had a less chance of a favorable result than those who did not. Those whose drainage responded to conservative management did better than those who did not. If longer than four months of medical therapy was required before the drainage stopped then the surgical outcome was not as good. The presence or absence of scutum erosion had no significant effect on the results. The degree of hearing loss had little effect on the results. Those who still had suppuration at the time of surgery did less well than those who did not. The patients who had a small amount of scutum excised at surgery did less well than those who had greater attic exposure. Those patients who had recurrent cholesteatoma tended to have less scutum excised, and had their ossicles left intact more often. Transmeatal atticotomy should be limited to those patients with disease confined to the epitympanum. This may be indicated by a history of drainage that responds well to conservative medical therapy and in a patient demonstrating no evidence of bone erosion in the antrum. The operation should include wide exposure of cholesteatomatous disease with removal of the head of the malleus and the incus whenever there is doubt of the extent of the lesion.

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Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Practice and Associated factors among Women Attending Antenatal care Follow up in Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55574/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Molalegn Mesele Gesese ◽

Walellign Anmut Tirfe

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

General Hospital ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is an approach that inspires pregnant women, their families and individuals to successfully design strategy for childbirths and deal with emergencies. In developing countries, world health organization estimates that more than 300 million women suffer from short-term and long-term complications related to pregnancy and child birth. In Ethiopia only 32% women have birth preparedness. The aim of this study is to assess practice and Associated factors of birth preparedness and complication readiness among Women Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1st to 30th, 2019. A total of 422 pregnant women were randomly selected and interviewed by using pretested structured questionnaire. Data was entered by Epi-data version 3.1 and the analysis was done by SPSS version 21. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness.Result: From 422 study participants, 356(48.6%) (95% CI: 46.9%, 49.8%) have birth preparedness and complication readiness practice. Age of respondent ≥ 37 years (AOR =4.2, 95% C.I =1.23, 14.24) and between 25 to 30 (AOR=2.35, 95% C.I =1.1, 5.1); level of education College and above(AOR=5.59, 95% C.I 2.8, 11.2)and secondary school (AOR=9.5, 95% C.I 3.99-22); previous history of ANC follow up (AOR=4.33, 95% C.I = 2.46, 7.61) and history of birth at health facility (AOR=3.09, 95% C.I= 1.72, 5.56) where factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness practice. Conclusion: Relatively higher birth preparedness and complication readiness practice was observed in this study when compared with previous studies. Health extension workers and health care provider should encouraged women to actively utilize the health services and the governments with other stakeholders should works on antenatal care and institutional delivery by focusing on women those has no formal education.

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A Drug Court Outcome Evaluation Comparing Arrests in a Two Year Follow-Up Period

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204260203200410 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1155-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Ellen Wolfe ◽

Joseph Guydish ◽

Jenna Termondt

Keyword(s):

Justice System ◽

Drug Court ◽

The United States ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

Prior History ◽

Arrest Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

San Mateo County

Since the first drug court in Miami in 1989, the drug court movement has spread throughout the United States, influencing how drug-involved offenders are treated in the criminal justice system. This paper reports on an outcome evaluation of a drug court in San Mateo County, California. Arrest rates were compared for drug court participants (N=618) and nonparticipants (N=75), and for graduates (N=257) and nongraduates (N=361). Factors associated with rearrest were assessed for participants in both groups. During a two-year follow-up period, there were no significant differences in rearrest rates between the participant and non-participant groups. Comparisons between graduates and nongraduates showed lower rearrest rates for graduates (19% vs. 53%, χ2(1)=73.5, p< 0.01). In a model including participants and nonparticipants, only a prior history of conviction predicted an increased likelihood of rearrest whereas being female and older decreased the likelihood of rearrest. In addition, among drug court participants only, graduating decreased the likelihood of rearrest.

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Gender Differences in Factors Associated with Clinically Meaningful Weight Loss among Adults Who Were Overweight or Obese: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000512294 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ji-Bin Li ◽

Zhi-Yu Qiu ◽

Zhen Liu ◽

Qian Zhou ◽

Li-Fen Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Study Entry ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Impact

Objectives: The impact of heterogeneity on gender difference for achieving clinically meaningful weight loss (cmWL) remains unclear. Here, we explored the potential gender differences in factors associated with cmWL. Methods: A total of 60,668 participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 at study entry and available BMI values at follow-up were included in this study. cmWL was defined as a weight loss of ≥5% from the study entry to follow-up. The associations of social-demographic factors, personal history of chronic diseases, lifestyle behaviors, and history of BMI with cmWL were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results: During a median follow-up of 9.13 years, 26.6% of the participants had a cmWL (30.8% for females vs. 23.1% in males; p < 0.001). Participants with older age, obesity at study entry, being more physical activity compared to 10 years ago, being relapsed smokers or consistent current smokers, having a history of chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, osteoporosis, and stroke), cancer diagnosis during the study period, and more than 10-year follow-up were more likely to achieve cmWL in both males and females (all p < 0.05). The new smoking quitters and participants with less active in physical activity compared to 10 years ago were less likely to achieve cmWL in both males and females (all p < 0.05). Specifically, males with a history of emphysema were more likely to reach cmWL, and for females, those being overweight at 20 years old and current drinkers were more likely to reach cmWL (p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. Conclusion: Age, BMI status, physical activity, smoking status, family income, and health status were independent factors in males and females for weight management. However, further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

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