Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma serotonin in patients with post-stroke depression: A preliminary report

Objective: To investigate the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of serotonin in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods: Serotonin was measured in 30 PSD patients and 30 controls on day 15 and day 30 following stroke. Result: There was a good correlation between the plasma and the CSF serotonin concentrations in both PSD (r = 0.641, P = 0.001) and control patients (0.852, P = 0.001) 30 days following the stroke. The average plasma and CSF serotonin concentrations in the PSD patients were lower than in the control group on day 15 (CSF: 0.24±0.27 vs 0.82±0.48 µmol/L, P < 0.01; plasma, 0.32±0.25 vs 0.83±0.45µmol/L, P < 0.01) and day 30 (CSF: 0.29±0.23 vs 0.78±0.47 µmol/L, P < 0.01; plasma, 0.31±0.33 vs 0.89±0.67 µmol/L, P < 0.01). Reduction of plasma serotonin was found in 90.0% of the PSD group and 13.3% of the control group patients (P < 0.01). Reduction in CSF serotonin in the PSD and control group was 80.0% and 6.7% respectively (P < 0.01%). Conclusion: Plasma serotonin levels may be used to represent the CSF serotonin levels in depressed and non-depressed patients following stroke. There is a reduction in the plasma or CSF serotonin concentrations in patients with PSD. Serotonin deficiency may be one of the factors leading to depression following stroke.

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Effect of Psychological Care Combined with Prozac on Patients with Post-Stroke Depression

Journal of Nursing ◽

10.18686/jn.v4i4.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinmei Li

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Daily Life ◽

Control Group ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Psychological Care ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To observe the effects of psychological care combined with Prozac on patients with post-stroke depression. Methods: 60 patients with post-stroke depression were divided randomly into two groups: experimental group and control group. The treatment group was treated with psychological care combined with Prozac and the control group was treated with Prozac itself. The Hamailton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Ability of Daily Life (ADL) before treatment and six weeks later were determined. After treatment, the depression symptom of two groups were improved obviously (p < 0.01) and ADL was raised (p < 0.01). Compared with Prozac itself, psychological care combined with Prozac was much more effective (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The psychological care combined with Prozac has better effect on patients with post-stroke depression.

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proBDNF expression induces apoptosis and inhibits synaptic regeneration by regulating the RhoA-JNK pathway in an in vitro post-stroke depression model

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01667-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bangkun Yang ◽

Lesheng Wang ◽

Ying Nie ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Wenping Xiong

Keyword(s):

Neural Plasticity ◽

Cell Model ◽

Neurotrophin Receptor ◽

Control Group ◽

P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Cellular Apoptosis ◽

Related Proteins

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of post-stroke depression (PSD). However, the precise function and potential mechanism of proBDNF, the precursor form of BDNF, are unknown. In our study, a PSD-like model was established by treating neuronal cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation and corticosterone. We found that the protein proBDNF levels were significantly higher in the cortex and hippocampus in the PSD group than in the control group, suggesting that proBDNF plays a role in the pathophysiology of PSD. Furthermore, we re-established the PSD-like cell model using recombinant p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) or silencing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and found that the PSD-induced upregulation of proBDNF was inhibited by recombinant p75NTR and JNK silencing (siJNK), and increased cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the application of recombinant p75NTR and siJNK in the PSD-like cell model significantly reversed the expression of apoptosis-related and depression-related proteins and decreased cellular apoptosis. Our findings suggest that proBDNF is involved in neural plasticity in PSD in vitro. The RhoA-JNK signaling pathway is activated after proBDNF binds to the p75NTR receptor, followed by the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (PSD95, synaptophysin, and P-cofilin), which contribute to PSD progression. The mechanism might involve the promotion of cellular apoptosis and the inhibition of nerve synapses regeneration by proBDNF.

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Reduction of angiotensin II in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458507085760 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 557-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M Kawajiri ◽

M Mogi ◽

M Osoegawa ◽

T Matsuoka ◽

K Tsukuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Disability Status ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Inflammatory Neuropathies ◽

And Control

We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II acts as a crucial neuroprotective factor after neural injury through angiotensin II type-2 (AT2) receptor signaling. Although the pathway is known to play an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) angiotensin II levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have never been studied. To clarify the significance of angiotensin II in MS, we assayed angiotensin II concentrations using an established enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in CSF samples from patients with MS ( n = 21), patients with inflammatory neuropathies (IN) ( n = 23) and control individuals who did not have either of the neurological diseases or any other disease that might affect the angiotensin II levels in the CSF (control) ( n = 24). Angiotensin II levels in the CSF were 3.79 ± 1.54 pg/ml in the MS group, 5.13 ± 2.27 pg/ml in the IN group and 6.71 ± 2.65 pg/ml in the control group. The angiotensin II levels in the CSF of the MS group were significantly lower than in the control group ( p = 0.00057). Angiotensin II concentration in the CSF tended to have a negative correlation with the Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale scores during MS relapse ( p = 0.0847). These findings suggest that reduced levels of intrathecal angiotensin II may be related to the abnormal neural damage and repair processes in MS.

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The Effect of “SELF-HELP Packages” on Post Stroke Depression among Ischemic Stroke Survivors

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing ◽

10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 361-375

Author(s):

Fitria Handayani ◽

Setyowati Setyowati ◽

Dwi Pudjonarko ◽

Dian Ratna Sawitri

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Self Help ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Post Stroke Depression

Background: There are several factors that contribute to Post Stroke Depression (PSD). Since a single intervention is proven ineffective to deal with PSD, an intervention which includes biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects (“SELF-HELP Packages”), therefore, needs to be established.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of “SELF HELP Packages” intervention on PSD among ischemic stroke survivors after three months from onset and its effect after confounding variables were controlled.Methods: This study was a pre and post quasi-experiment with a control group involving 34 ischemic stroke survivors each group. The inclusion criteria were survivors after three months from ischemic stroke, no aphasia, having a good hearing, and having Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 22. GRID-HAMD 17, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Barthel-Index were used to measure PSD, social support, and functional status respectively. “SELF-HELP Packages” intervention was delivered in three sessions, namely information delivery, discussion and activity. Statistical analyses were conducted using McNemar test, Chi-square and logistic regression.Results: The result showed that “SELF-HELP Packages” considerably decreased PSD in the intervention group (p=0.004). There were also significant differences in PSD after the intervention between two groups (p=0.008). Logistic regression showed that ‘SELF-HELP Package” had no effect on PSD when other confounding variables were controlled (p=0.075, OR=0.288, 95% CI 0.073 – 1.135).Conclusion: SELF-HELP Packages” should be applied in providing the nursing intervention among stroke ischemic survivors in clinical setting. A longer period of time for the intervention is also recommended for the next study in order to obtain a more robust result.

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Effectiveness of mirror therapy on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and depression in post-stroke depression patients

Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.5606/tftrd.2021.6635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 365-369

Author(s):

Xiang Zhang ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Qiujin Yao

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Motor Function ◽

Daily Living ◽

Control Group ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Upper Limb Function ◽

Mirror Group ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

The Mean

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb function, activities of daily living (ADLs), and depression in post-stroke depression patients. Patients and methods: Between November 2018 and December 2019, a total of 60 post-stroke patients (33 males, 27 females; mean age: 58.45±11.13 years; range, 35 to 88 years) were included. The patients were randomly divided into either the cosntrol group (n=30) or the MT group (n=30). Regular occupational therapy was provided for the control group (two times per day for 30 min per session, five times per week over four weeks). Occupational therapy and MT were used to treat patients in the mirror group (one 30 min session once per day, five times per week over four weeks). Motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, FMA-UE), ADL (Modified Barthel Index, MBI) and depression (17-item Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD-17) were used to evaluate the treatment outcomes. Results: Before treatment, the mean HAMD-17, FMA-UE, and MBI scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). After treatment, the mirror group exhibited more significant improvements than the control group in terms of the mean HAMD-17, FM-UE, and MBI (p<0.05). After four weeks, the mean FMA-UE and MBI scores revealed more significant improvements than the baseline scores in the control group (p<0.01). The mean HAMD-17, FMA-UE, and MBI scores showed more significant improvements than the baseline scores in the MT group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on these results, MT can effectively improve motor function, ADLs, and depression in post-stroke depression patients. The curative effectiveness of MT seems to be more prominent than the regular occupational therapy.

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Personality Neuroticism and Depression after Stroke

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/e25j-bcqb-bmem-gy9f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 93-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Philip L. P. Morris ◽

Robert G. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Life Time ◽

Depression Diagnosis ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Retrospective Assessment ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Severity Of Depression

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether personality neuroticism or extroversion traits are associated with post-stroke depression. Method: Ninety-four stroke inpatients undergoing rehabilitation were examined two months post-stroke for the presence and severity of depression and a retrospective assessment was made of life-time neuroticism and extroversion. Results: Depressed patients ( N = 35) had higher neuroticism scores than non-depressed patients. Neuroticism was correlated positively with depressive symptomatology. Extroversion was not associated with depression diagnosis or depressive symptomatology. Conclusion: We conclude that personality neuroticism may be a risk factor for depression following stroke.

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Concentrations of zinc, iron, molybdenum, arsenic, and lithium in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain tumors.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/32.12.2187 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 2187-2190 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A el-Yazigi ◽

I Al-Saleh ◽

O Al-Mefty

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Neoplastic Disease ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

And Control ◽

Csf Concentration

Abstract We used flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure concentrations of Fe, Mo, Li, As, and Zn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with malignant brain tumors benign brain tumors, non-brain malignant tumors and control (non-neoplastic disease) patients. Mean (and SD) concentrations (microgram/L) of these elements in the control group were 62.7 (28.7) for Fe, 6.8 (4.8) for Mo, 0.7 (2.0) for Li, 1.3 (0.7) for As, 7 (5.9) for Zn. We could detect Li in less than 53% of controls. Zn concentrations in CSF of patients with astrocytoma (malignant brain tumor), benign brain tumors, or non-brain tumors were significantly (p less than 0.05) less than in control patients; the ratios for mean concentrations of Zn in tumor patients/control patients for the above groups were 0.3, 0.20, and 0.17, respectively. Concentrations of As in CSF of patients with non-brain malignant tumors were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in the controls; the ratio for mean CSF concentration of As in patients with non-brain tumors/control patients was 2.9. Differences in the concentrations of Fe, Li, or Mo among the various groups were nonsignificant.

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Post-Stroke Depression: Outcome following Rehabilitation

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048679509064975 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 609-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Chan Keen Loong ◽

NG Kwan Chung Kenneth ◽

Straughan T. Paulin

Keyword(s):

Functional Assessment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Physical Impairment ◽

Rehabilitation Centre ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

Objective: This prospective study looks at the outcome of rehabilitation on mood and physical recovery in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods: Fifty-two patients in a rehabilitation centre were assessed for depression, modified Barthel's score and Hamilton Rating Scale for depression on admission to and discharge from the rehabilitation centre. Aphasic, demented and delirious patients were excluded. Results: Fifty-five percent of the patients were assessed to have depression on admission and 98% had physical impairment. At the time of discharge, only 28.6% were depressed and two-thirds had improved in physical function. Patients with ail degrees of functional impairment showed equal improvement and there was no difference between Barthel's scores for patients whose mood improved and those who remained depressed. There were very strong associations between functional assessment and depression, functional assessment on discharge with depression on admission, and patients' mood on admission and discharge. Depressed patients did not stay longer in the rehabilitation centre than non-depressed patients. Low doses of anti-depressants did not have an impact on mood or functional improvement. Conclusion: We have found that depression might not have a clear negative impact on rehabilitation, that mood improved at the end of rehabilitation and that the degree of depression on admission was a good predictor of the outcome of final physical impairment.

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Decreased Npas4 expression in patients with post-stroke depression

Journal of Neurorestoratology ◽

10.26599/jnr.2019.9040012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 101-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shina Gu ◽

Xiaodan Li ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Huicong Ren ◽

Chendi Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Stroke Group ◽

Post Stroke Depression ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

Purpose:Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent neuropsychiatric disorder following stroke which is associated with poor outcome. Neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 4 (Npas4) is associated with cognitive function. Npas4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with PSD was measured to find new therapeutic strategy.Patients and methods:Ischemic stroke patients (n = 152) within 1 week of stroke onset were recruited. At 3 months follow-up, the patients were divided into a PSD group (n = 77) and a stroke group (n = 75) using the Hamilton Rating Scale. Healthy subjects (n = 75) were also recruited in the study. The PSD group received 12 weeks of duloxetine treatment. Cognitive function was evaluated using the P300 test. Npas4 expression in PBMCs was measured by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR).Results:Before treatment, P300 latencies in the PSD group were prolonged and the P300 amplitudes were lower than the control group (P < 0.01). Npas4 expression in the PSD group was also lower than the control group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the P300 latencies were reduced and the amplitudes were significantly elevated in the PSD group compared to that before treatment (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Npas4 levels were significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.01). Npas4 expression was positively correlated to the P300 amplitudes (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Changes of Npas4 expression in PBMCs are associated with cognitive impairment in PSD patients and new therapeutic options applying Npas4-related transcript mechanism could be considered in the future.

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Efektivitas Konseling dengan Pendekatan Motivational Interviewing Terhadap Penurunan Depresi pada Pasien Post Stroke Depression

Holistic Nursing and Health Science ◽

10.14710/hnhs.1.2.2018.55-67 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Baiq Nurainun Apriani ◽

Irwan Hadi ◽

Anwar Wardi Warongan ◽

Nana Supriyatna

Keyword(s):

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽

A Value ◽

Post Stroke Depression

Background : Stroke is a serious global health problem, strokes can be threatening and result in morbidity and mortality and increase the length of days of treatment that cause maintenance costs to increase, stroke prevalence increases every year, followed by increased post-stroke depression. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-focused counseling technique designed to help individuals explore and overcome ambivalence in behavior.Purpose : This study aims to determine the effectiveness of counseling with a motivational interviewing approach to reducing depression in post-stroke depression patients in NTB Province Hospital.Method : Quasi Experiment Pre-test design Post-test control group design with a sample of 32 respondents selected by purposive sampling technique.Results: The results of bivariate analysis with paired t test there were significant differences in post-stroke depression in the control group and the intervention group with a value of 0.028, in the intervention group the average depression was 2.25 with a value of 0.000 < α (0.05).Conclusion: Counseling with a motivational interviewing approach is effective in decreasing depression in post stroke depression patients at NTB Hospital. Suggestions for the next researchers can research with different places with more samples and qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed methods) so that research results are more optimal.

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