scholarly journals Effect of tobacco on oral cavity stem cells. A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
G Cifuentes-Suazo ◽  
◽  
F Stange-Dempster ◽  
R Cartes-Velásquez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Regenerative Power

In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the cornerstone of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can be easily obtained from adult tissues, it is in this area that obtaining and using oral MSCs have become a good source of experimentation. It is not unknown that MSCs have great regenerative power, high proliferative and differentiation capacity and high osteogenic potential. However, they can be affected by multiple external factors. The objective of this article is to describe the effect of tobacco on oral MSCs. Cigarettes and its components are a risk factor for various diseases at the level of the oral cavity, they have many adverse effects on the cellular biology of the mouth, therefore, it is not strange to think about the effect that these components can have on MSCs. of oral origin. The latest studies have shown that nicotine and condensed cigarette smoke have negative biological effects on MSCs, particularly oral ones. Despite the existing literature, it is not entirely clear what are the mechanisms involved in the negative effects of tobacco on oral MSCs and how they could be reversed.

Osteogenic potential of dental and oral derived stem cells in bone tissue engineering among animal models: An update

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 101515
Author(s):  
Antoine Berbéri ◽  
Mohammad Fayyad-kazan ◽  
Sara Ayoub ◽  
Rita Bou Assaf ◽  
Joseph Sabbagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Potential

scholarly journals Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from rat mandible to regenerate critical sized calvarial defect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204173141983042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Lee ◽  
Jane Kwon ◽  
Luke Current ◽  
Kun Yoon ◽  
Rahim Zalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Rat Mandible

Although bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in bone tissue engineering, only few studies using mesenchymal stem cells from mandible (M-MSCs) have been reported. However, mesenchymal stem cells from mandible have the potential to be as effective as femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (F-MSCs) in regenerating bone, especially in the orofacial regions, which share embryonic origin, proximity, and accessibility. M-MSCs were isolated and characterized using mesenchymal stem cell–specific markers, colony forming assay, and multi-potential differentiation. In vitro osteogenic potential, including proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, was examined and compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone formations of F-MSCs and M-MSCs in rat critical sized defect were evaluated using microCT and histology. M-MSCs from rat could be successfully isolated and expanded while preserving their MSC’s characteristics. M-MSCs demonstrated a comparable proliferation and mineralization potentials and in vivo bone formation as F-MSCs. M-MSCs is a promising cell source candidate for craniofacial bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Commitment of Oral-Derived Stem Cells in Dental and Maxillofacial Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianrico Spagnuolo ◽  
Bruna Codispoti ◽  
Massimo Marrelli ◽  
Carlo Rengo ◽  
Sandro Rengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Dental Procedures

Tissue engineering is based on the interaction between stem cells, biomaterials and factors delivered in biological niches. Oral tissues have been found to be rich in stem cells from different sources: Stem cells from oral cavity are easily harvestable and have shown a great plasticity towards the main lineages, specifically towards bone tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the most investigated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental tissues, however, the oral cavity hosts several other stem cell lineages that have also been reported to be a good alternative in bone tissue engineering. In particular, the newly discovered population of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human periapical inflamed cysts (hPCy-MSCs) have showed very promising properties, including high plasticity toward bone, vascular and neural phenotypes. In this topical review, the authors described the main oral-derived stem cell populations, their most interesting characteristics and their ability towards osteogenic lineage. This review has also investigated the main clinical procedures, reported in the recent literature, involving oral derived-MSCs and biomaterials to get better bone regeneration in dental procedures. The numerous populations of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from oral tissues (DPSCs, SHEDs, PDLSCs, DFSCs, SCAPs, hPCy-MSCs) retain proliferation ability and multipotency; these features are exploited for clinical purposes, including regeneration of injured tissues and local immunomodulation; we reported on the last studies on the proper use of such MSCs within a biological niche and the proper way to storage them for future clinical use.

scholarly journals Polymeric Gelatin Scaffolds Affect Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Its Diverse Applications in Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8632
Author(s):  
Chia-Yu Wang ◽  
Po-Da Hong ◽  
Ding-Han Wang ◽  
Juin-Hong Cherng ◽  
Shu-Jen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Studies using polymeric scaffolds for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, implants and medical substitutes, and drug delivery systems, have attempted to identify suitable material for tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and effectiveness of a gelatin scaffold seeded with human adipose stem cells (hASCs), including physical characteristics, multilineage differentiation in vitro, and osteogenic potential, in a rat model of a calvarial bone defect and to optimize its design. This functionalized scaffold comprised gelatin-hASCs layers to improve their efficacy in various biomedical applications. The gelatin scaffold exhibited excellent biocompatibility in vitro after two weeks of implantation. Furthermore, the gelatin scaffold supported and specifically regulated the proliferation and osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs, respectively. After 12 weeks of implantation, upon treatment with the gelatin-hASCs scaffold, the calvarial bone harboring the critical defect regenerated better and displayed greater osteogenic potential without any damage to the surrounding tissues compared to the untreated bone defect. These findings suggest that the present gelatin scaffold is a good potential carrier for stem cells in various tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of decellularized human placental macroporous scaffolds for spermatogonial stem cells homing

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Asgari ◽  
Hamid Reza Asgari ◽  
Mohammad Najafi ◽  
Behnaz Sadat Eftekhari ◽  
Mina Vardiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

AbstractDecellularized scaffolds have been found to be excellent platforms for tissue engineering applications. The attempts are still being made to optimize a decellularization protocol with successful removal of the cells with minimal damages to extracellular matrix components. We examined twelve decellularization procedures using different concentrations of Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 (alone or in combination), and incubation time points of 15 or 30 min. Then, the potential of the decellularized scaffold as a three-dimensional substrate for colony formation capacity of mouse spermatogonial stem cells was determined. The morphological, degradation, biocompatibility, and swelling properties of the samples were fully characterized. The 0.5%/30 SDS/Triton showed optimal decellularization with minimal negative effects on ECM (P ≤ 0.05). The swelling ratios increased with the increase of SDS and Triton concentration and incubation time. Only 0.5%/15 and 30 SDS showed a significant decrease in the SSCs viability compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The SSCs colony formation was clearly observed under SEM and H&E stained slides. The cells infiltrated into the subcutaneously implanted scaffold at days 7 and 30 post-implantation with no sign of graft rejection. Our data suggest the %0.5/30 SDS/Triton as an excellent platform for tissue engineering and reproductive biology applications.

scholarly journals Human Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Delivery Using a Collagen Hydrogel: As a Potential Candidate for Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3909
Author(s):  
Sara Simorgh ◽  
Peiman Brouki Milan ◽  
Maryam Saadatmand ◽  
Zohreh Bagher ◽  
Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Collagen Hydrogel

For bone tissue engineering, stem cell-based therapy has become a promising option. Recently, cell transplantation supported by polymeric carriers has been increasingly evaluated. Herein, we encapsulated human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC) in the collagen hydrogel system, and their osteogenic potential was assessed in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collagen type I was composed of four different concentrations of (4 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 7 mg/mL). SDS-Page, FTIR, rheologic test, resazurin assay, live/dead assay, and SEM were used to characterize collagen hydrogels. OE-MSCs encapsulated in the optimum concentration of collagen hydrogel and transplanted in rat calvarial defects. The tissue samples were harvested after 4- and 8-weeks post-transplantation and assessed by optical imaging, micro CT, and H&E staining methods. The highest porosity and biocompatibility were confirmed in all scaffolds. The collagen hydrogel with 7 mg/mL concentration was presented as optimal mechanical properties close to the naïve bone. Furthermore, the same concentration illustrated high osteogenic differentiation confirmed by real-time PCR and alizarin red S methods. Bone healing has significantly occurred in defects treated with OE-MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in vivo. As a result, OE-MSCs with suitable carriers could be used as an appropriate cell source to address clinical bone complications.

scholarly journals Biodegradable and Biocompatible Graphene-based Scaffolds for Functional Neural Tissue Engineering: A Strategy Approach Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Mansouri ◽  
Said Al-Sarawi ◽  
Dusan Losic ◽  
Jagan Mazumdar ◽  
Jillian Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Serum Free

AbstractNeural tissue engineering aims to restore function of nervous system tissues using biocompatible cell-seeded scaffolds. Graphene-based scaffolds combined with stem cells deserve special attention to enhance tissue regeneration in a controlled manner. However, it is believed that minor changes in scaffold biomaterial com-position, internal porous structure, and physicochemical properties can impact cellular growth and adhesion. The current work aims to investigate in vitro biological effects of 3D graphene oxide (GO)/sodium alginate (GOSA) and reduced GOSA (RGOSA) scaffolds on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in terms of cell viability and cytotoxicity. Herein, the effects of the 3D scaffolds, coating conditions, and serum supplementation on DPSCs functions are explored extensively. Biodegradation analysis revealed that addition of GO enhanced the degradation rate of composite scaffolds. Compared to the 2D surface, the cell viability of 3D scaffolds was higher (p <0.0001), highlighting the optimal initial cell adhesion to the scaffold surface and cell migration through pores. Moreover, the cytotoxicity study indicated that the incorporation of graphene supported higher DPSCs viability. It is also shown that when the mean pore size of scaffold increases, DPSCs activity decreases. In terms of coating conditions, poly-l-lysine (PLL) was the most robust coating reagent that improved cell-scaffold adherence and DPSCs metabolism activity. The cytotoxicity of GO-based scaffolds showed that DPSCs can be seeded in serum-free media without cytotoxic effects. This is critical for human translation as cellular transplants are typically serum-free. These findings suggest that proposed 3D GO-based scaffolds have favourable effects on the biological responses of DPSCs.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation Promotes Stem Cell Neural Differentiation in Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hong Cheng ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Hangqi Yue ◽  
Yubo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Conductive Materials

Nerve injuries and neurodegenerative disorders remain serious challenges, owing to the poor treatment outcomes of in situ neural stem cell regeneration. The most promising treatment for such injuries and disorders is stem cell-based therapies, but there remain obstacles in controlling the differentiation of stem cells into fully functional neuronal cells. Various biochemical and physical approaches have been explored to improve stem cell-based neural tissue engineering, among which electrical stimulation has been validated as a promising one both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize the most basic waveforms of electrical stimulation and the conductive materials used for the fabrication of electroactive substrates or scaffolds in neural tissue engineering. Various intensities and patterns of electrical current result in different biological effects, such as enhancing the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of stem cells into neural cells. Moreover, conductive materials can be used in delivering electrical stimulation to manipulate the migration and differentiation of stem cells and the outgrowth of neurites on two- and three-dimensional scaffolds. Finally, we also discuss the possible mechanisms in enhancing stem cell neural differentiation using electrical stimulation. We believe that stem cell-based therapies using biocompatible conductive scaffolds under electrical stimulation and biochemical induction are promising for neural regeneration.

scholarly journals Comparing bone tissue engineering efficacy of HDPSCs, HBMSCs on 3D biomimetic ABM-P-15 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Mohanram ◽  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Eleftherios Tsiridis ◽  
Xuebin B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Model

Abstract Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.

scholarly journals Xeno-Hybrid Bone Graft Releasing Biomimetic Proteins Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Veronika Hefka Blahnová ◽  
Giuseppe Perale ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Felice Betge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Physical Entrapment

Bone defect is a noteworthy health problem and is the second most transplanted tissue after blood. Numerous bone grafts are designed and applied in clinics. Limitations, however, from different aspects still exist, including limited supply, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. In this study, two biomimetic peptides (P2 and P6) are incorporated into a composite bioactive xeno hybrid bone graft named SmartBonePep®, with the aim to increase the bioactivity of the bone graft. The results, which include cytotoxicity, proliferation rate, confocal microscopy, gene expression, and protein qualification, successfully prove that the SmartBonePep® has multi-modal biological effects on human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. The effective physical entrapment of P6 into a composite xeno-hybrid bone graft, withstanding manufacturing processes including exposure to strong organic solvents and ethylene oxide sterilization, increases the osteogenic potential of the stem cells as well as cell attachment and proliferation. P2 and P6 both show a strong biological potential and may be future candidates for enhancing the clinical performance of bone grafts.

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