scholarly journals Massive Fire Incidents of Multiple Aboveground Storage Tanks due to Vapor Cloud Explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Shoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
The World ◽  
Vapor Cloud

The vapor cloud explosion (VCE) begins with a release of a large quantity of flammable vaporing liquid from a storage tank, transportation vessel or pipeline. If VCE occurs in an oil storage facility, multiple tanks burn simultaneously. There is no effective firefighting method for multiple tanks fire. It will be extinguished when oil burned out spending several days. Many incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE have occurred all over the world in recent 50 years. This paper reviews the past 6 incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE.

How About Farms and Ranches?

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 819-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Farm Equipment ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACT During the past several years it has become apparent that farms and ranches have been delinquent in compliance regarding oil pollution prevention planning and practices. Some deaths have been caused by practices used at these aboveground oil storage tanks. These facilities store smaller quantities of oil, but they can be a great concern for human health and the environment. Some farmers and ranchers store large quantities of oil for the fueling of farm equipment. Yet others have tanks located directly on the shores of lakes and rivers in order to run the pumps needed to irrigate of crops. These tanks are often moved to adjust for rising and lowering of the water level. Region VIII has worked with the state of Montana and several tribes to increase awareness of the need for following spill prevention practices. The initial results have been mixed. There are many farmers and ranchers who work with the state or tribe and come into compliance, while others prefer to take their chances on being selected for a random inspection.

The Evaluation of the Influence of Geographic and Meteorological Factors on Heat Transfer in the Case of Crude Oil Storage in Overground Tanks

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1384-1391
Author(s):  
Tudora Cristescu ◽  
Monica Emanuela Stoica ◽  
Silvian Suditu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Main Factors

The study aims to analyze the main factors that influence the transfer of heat in the case of crude oil storage. A model based on the computing relations taken from specific publications was developed. The case studies were conducted on the basis of experimental research on several oil storage tanks, located in an oil transit station in Romania. The following two cases were analyzed, i.e., when the crude oil is heated and stagnates in the storage tank, and when it only stagnates, respectively. The analysis and application of the developed standard model facilitated the establishing of the factors that influence heat transfer. The influence of the geographic position and meteorological factors was also analyzed, which led to the formulation of conclusions with respect to the heat loss that occurs through the walls of the tanks.

Tsunami Damage to Oil Storage Tanks in the MW9.0 2011 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hatayama
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
Actual Damage

The Mw9.0 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake tsunami damaged 418 oil storage tanks located along the Pacific coast of the Hokkaido, Tohoku, and Kanto Districts of Japan. A wide variety of damage was observed, including movement and deformation of the tank body, scouring of the tank base and ground, and movement or structural fracture of the pipe. In total, 157 of the 418 tanks were moved by the tsunami. By comparing the severity of damage with the inundation depth of the tsunami experienced by the oil storage tank, a fragility curve projecting the damage rate for plumbing is presented, and a rough but easy-to-use method of predicting tsunami damage to an oil storage tank from a given inundation depth is also presented: (i) for inundation depths of 2–5 m, tanks suffer damage to their plumbing, and small tanks (capacity < 100 m3) and empty larger tanks may be moved; (ii) for inundation depths of greater than 5 m, most tanks are moved. The validity of the previously-proposed tsunami tank-movement prediction method is first examined. A comparison of the method’s predictions with the actual damage data from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami indicates a high hit rate of 76%.

Optimization Calculation Method of Wall Thickness for Large Oil Storage Tank Made of High Strength Steel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigui Fan ◽  
Zhiping Chen ◽  
Futeng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Optimization Calculation ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

Optimization calculation method determining wall thickness for large oil storage tank made of high strength steel is investigated in this paper. Taking three oil storage tanks with different volumes of 10×104 m3, 15×104 m3 and 20×104 m3 for examples, the wall thickness calculation methods of API 650, GB 50341, JIS B 8501 and BS EN 14015 have been analyzed and compared. Results show that as the volume of oil storage tank increases, some wall thickness calculation results of the standards have been larger than the allowable value, leading to the unreasonable distribution of the wall circumferential stress. The wall thickness calculation result applying the method of API 650 is more reasonable than other standards. While for the tanks made of high strength steel, like 12MnNiVR (GB 50341), the yield ratio of the steel has reached 0.803, which is larger than the upper limit value of API 650. In order to make up the deficiency, an optimization method based on API 650 is presented, which considers the effects of yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio on the determination of allowable stress. Taking the 20×104 m3 oil storage tank and selecting a proper welded joint efficiency, the wall thickness is calculated by the presented optimization method. The wall thickness calculation result is more reasonable and the circumferential stress distribution is more homogeneous when the safety factor of tensile strength is taken to be 2.4. Results show that the optimization method is applicable to the thickness calculation of oil storage tanks made of high strength steel.

Deformation Characteristic Evaluation of Large Oil Storage Tanks under the Planar Inclined Foundation

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 786-789
Author(s):  
Da Wei Ji ◽  
Li Xin Wei ◽  
Xiao Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deformation Characteristic ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Oil storage tank plays an important role in modern oil industry. The development of large-scale oil storage tanks has resulted in the complexity of stress distribution and deformation situation of tank wall and tank bottom. Especially in soft foundations, the tank structure is susceptible to various types of settlement deflections. The most common type is planar inclined foundation. In this paper, the finite element model of large-scale oil storage tank was built according to the pattern of design and the deformation characteristic and stress distribution of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation was obtained. Considering the floating roof, the ultimate value of large storage tank under the planar inclined foundation is determined.

Determining the Subsidence of Oil Storage Tank Walls from Geodetic Leveling

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irughe Ehigiator ◽  
J.O. Ehiorobo ◽  
M.O. Ehigiator ◽  
Ashraf A. Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

In this paper the monitoring for subsidence in crude oil storage tanks by the method of Geodetic leveling is discussed. The monitoring network consisted of three control points established about 100m from the tank and 16 studs established at the base of the tank. From the control points, the stud locations were leveled using a geodetic level with parallel plate micrometer and telescopic staves. All levels were run in forward and reverse directions and the measurements were carried out in 2003, 2004 and 2008. Adjustment of observation was carried out using the least squares estimation model to determine the elevation of each stud position in the three measurement epochs together with their accuracy standards. Comparisons were made of the calculated movements from the three measurement epochs and the associated accuracies calculated from the least squares model. Analysis of the results indicated that with the exception of one stud ( stud 8), all other studs emplaced had moved and the movements ranged from 0.91mm to 13.06mm

Buckling of Oil Storage Tanks in SPPL Tank Farm During the 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-F. Shih ◽  
C. D. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

An oil storage tank that suffered damage during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake is studied using a laboratory model. The tank is unanchored and includes a floating roof. The tank is subjected to a single horizontal axis base excitation. Buckling is studied under both harmonic and simulated earthquake base motion. The model buckling results are in reasonable agreement with the field observations. It was also found that the floating roof has no effect on the buckling behavior. Comparison with the API design provisions shows that the empirical model used as the basis of the code for both tip-over and buckling have little resemblance to the actual tank behavior.

scholarly journals Corrosion and protection of island and offshore oil storage tank

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Miaoke Feng ◽  
Kaining He ◽  
Yanhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Oil Storage Tank ◽  
Offshore Oil

This article is mainly based on the characteristics of the marine environment of islands and coastal seas and the current corrosion problems of storage tanks as well as their main locations, analyse the reasons for their formation and consider the potential safety hazards, so as to propose several effective storage tank corrosion protection methods, which has important positive significance for the long-term development of islands and coastal seas oil storage tanks.

scholarly journals Wind-resistant optimization design of large storage tanks in island-type petrochemical parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Haoran Hu ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Bingyuan Hong ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Static Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

Due to the thin-walled wind-sensitive structures of large crude oil storage tanks, it is necessary to consider the wind load failure of oil storage tanks in coastal areas under strong wind conditions during the design process. Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS\Workbench, the static structure analysis and buckling analysis of the 100, 000 cubic crude oil storage tanks are carried out. In order to solve the buckling failure phenomenon, a wind-resistant ring structure was optimal designed for the crude oil storage tank according to standards, so that the storage tank can withstand hurricanes and typhoons above level 12 with a wind speed of 137 km/h.

Online AE Inspection and Safety Assessment of Vertical Storage Tank

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihe Guan ◽  
Yuanhong Tao ◽  
Xuedong Chen ◽  
Rong Yuan ◽  
Yingfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Disastrous Consequence ◽  
Oil Storage

With the rapid growth of the global petroleum industry and continuous increase of energy demand, the crude oil and product oil reserve has been given a general concern in every country, and the requirements for the reserve capacity of various types of petroleum storage depots become higher and higher, therefore, the quantity of various types of storage tanks is increasing dramatically. At present, 100,000m3 storage tank has become the primary structure for construction of crude oil storage tanks for Chinese petrochemical industry. Large vertical metal storage tank features large capacity, central distribution, storage of inflammable, explosive and toxic media etc., leakage or explosion accident, once happens, often results in disastrous consequence and severe environmental pollution, which brings a huge loss and hazard to social economy, production and people’s living. The major cause for the accidents of storage tanks is corrosion and leakage, the external corrosion is mainly the soil corrosion and moist atmospheric corrosion of outer wall of oil tank baseplate; the internal corrosion is the corrosion of tank bottom, tank wall and tank top. Among the above corrosions, the most hard to treat is the corrosion of tank baseplate. In this paper through laboratory simulation of AE tests of leakage of storage tank and corrosion of baseplate and comparison between online AE inspection of more than 30 large vertical storage tanks and shutdown inspection of part of storage tanks, the matters about online AE inspection techniques for corrosion and leakage of storage tank baseplate and safety assessment of vertical storage tank are discussed, online AE inspection technique and assessment standard fit for China’s present condition are proposed, the safety class and corresponding shutdown inspection cycle of vertical storage tank are determined, the storage tanks where no problems are found by online AE inspection continue their service, whereas the storage tanks where severe problems are found are shut down for inspection, thus the contradiction between shutdown inspection and safe production is basically solved.

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