How About Farms and Ranches?

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 819-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Farm Equipment ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACT During the past several years it has become apparent that farms and ranches have been delinquent in compliance regarding oil pollution prevention planning and practices. Some deaths have been caused by practices used at these aboveground oil storage tanks. These facilities store smaller quantities of oil, but they can be a great concern for human health and the environment. Some farmers and ranchers store large quantities of oil for the fueling of farm equipment. Yet others have tanks located directly on the shores of lakes and rivers in order to run the pumps needed to irrigate of crops. These tanks are often moved to adjust for rising and lowering of the water level. Region VIII has worked with the state of Montana and several tribes to increase awareness of the need for following spill prevention practices. The initial results have been mixed. There are many farmers and ranchers who work with the state or tribe and come into compliance, while others prefer to take their chances on being selected for a random inspection.

A Study on the Intelligenti Zed Marine Oil-Spill Rapid-Clearing System

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1969-1974
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Zhang ◽  
Shang Ping Li ◽  
Yuan Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Oily Water

At present it is difficult to thoroughly clear away the marine oil-spill when collision takes place. As we know the traditional oil-spill-treatment is slow and the oil pollution can not be handled timely. In order to clear the surface oil and protect marine environment, a study on rapid- clearing of marine oil pollution system is presented in this paper, which is equipped with a high-resolution camera on the top of the oil pollution lifter to identify the oil pollution and get data by image processing, then the oil pollution recovering which is set in the front of the oil storage tanks collecting oil spill by the single-chip machine while moving. Thus the oil spill can be separated into clean oil and water by the oily-water separator through the flexible tube. This system is more efficient, cleaner and less-polluted than the traditional one, which is worthy of large area surface oil-spill clearing.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR SPILL PREVENTION AT OIL STORAGE FACILITIES

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-219
Author(s):  
Gary Yoshioka ◽  
Julie Reber ◽  
Ryan Thompson ◽  
Joan Tilghman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Standard Sets ◽  
A Performance

ABSTRACT Performance standards state requirements in terms of required results, with criteria for verifying compliance but without stating the methods for achieving required results. A performance standard may define functional requirements for the item, operational requirements, or interface and interchangeability characteristics. A performance standard may be viewed in juxtaposition to a prescriptive standard, which may specify design requirements, such as materials to be used, how a requirement is to be achieved, or how an item is to be fabricated or constructed. A performance standard for spill prevention specifies the outcome required, but leaves the specific measures to achieve that outcome up to the discretion of the regulated facility. In contrast to a design standard or a technology-based standard that specifies exactly how to achieve compliance, a performance standard sets a goal and lets each regulated facility owner or operator decide how to meet it. Since 1993, U.S. Federal regulations complied with Executive Order 12866, which specifies the use of performance standards. Thus, it is not surprising that the 2002 revisions of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency'S Oil Pollution Prevention regulation, which was first published in 1973, included several performance-based provisions. The regulation requires nearly every significant oil storage facility in the nation to prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. Regulatory provisions that had set prescriptive standards or design requirements in 1973, allow much more flexibility today. This poster presentation briefly examines the trend toward performance-based environmental regulations in the U.S. and the evolution of the Oil Pollution Prevention regulation.

THE THREAT OF OIL SPILLS FROM STORAGE TANKS AT END USER FACILITIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Yoshioka ◽  
Elisa Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
End Users ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
End User

ABSTRACT The oil pollution prevention program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses a large regulated community—the owners and operators of several hundred thousand nontransportation-related facilities. Regulated oil facilities generally are thought of as refineries, terminals, production field tanks, fuel oil dealers, or gasoline service stations. Some studies of the nationwide petroleum storage capacity do not even consider tanks owned by petroleum consumers, while others recognize that end users constitute a significant part of the nation's oil storage. The storage capacity of fixed petroleum tankage in the tertiary segment (agricultural, commercial, electric utility, industrial, military/government, residential, and transportation sectors) is estimated to comprise more than 20 % of the total U.S. storage capacity. EPA estimates that more than one-half of the facilities required to prepare Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans are such end users. The focus of oil pollution prevention, of course, is preventing spills. Several years ago, an American Petroleum Institute report on aboveground storage tank incidents stated that more than 25% of large petroleum releases in the United States were from tanks controlled by companies outside the petroleum industry. Recent data on large spills (10,000 gallons or more) show similar patterns. Of course, most nontransportation-related spills are from storage tanks or facilities in the petroleum industry (production wells, refineries, terminals, tank farms, and fuel oil dealers). More than 40%, however, are from electric utilities, manufacturing plants, military bases, airports, railroad yards, and other end user facilities. Smaller spills come from a variety of facility types. It is important for EPA and other groups to recognize the end user community and the threat of spills from end user facilities, and to begin to work with the owners and operators of end user facilities to educate them about EPA's oil pollution prevention regulation.

THE U.S. EPA 1994 NATIONAL SURVEY OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 923-924
Author(s):  
Janet LaFiandra Weiner ◽  
Jennie DeVeaux ◽  
Paul Brown
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Storage Facilities

ABSTRACT In an effort to better characterize the facilities regulated by the agency's oil pollution prevention regulations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a national survey of oil storage facilities that are potentially subject to 40 CFR Part 112 (the 1994 SPCC Facilities Study).

FLEXIBILITY ON U.S. EPA OIL SPILL PREVENTION MEASURES TO ACCOMMODATE SMALL CAPACITY MULTI-SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Patricia Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Production Facilities

ABSTRACT In December 2006 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published revisions to the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulation (40 CFR part 112) to streamline regulatory requirements pertaining to the prevention of oil discharges to navigable waters and adjoining shorelines. The purpose of these revisions was to allow flexibility for the regulated community in designing an oil spill prevention program that is appropriate for each individual facility. The range of regulated facilities for the SPCC universe includes everything from oil exploration and production facilities to end users of oil. The equipment and oil-handling activities vary as a result of the individual business operations of the facility. EPA has moved away from a prescriptive approach for requirements pertaining to the oil pollution prevention regulation in 40 CFR 112 and has incorporated performance based elements into the regulation to accommodate the wide universe of regulated stakeholders while maintaining protection of human health and the environment. Since promulgation of the regulation, the rule has incorporated alternative measures for when secondary containment is determined to be impracticable. In 2002, a provision was added to the rule to allow for deviations from rule requirements when an alternative environmentally equivalent measure is employed. The most recent revisions to the SPCC rule in 2006 include alternatives for facilities with small oil storage capacities to self-certify their SPCC Plans in lieu of a Professional Engineer certification. Additionally, the Agency is developing an additional proposal to streamline and simplify the SPCC rule for oil and gas production facilities, farms, and a subset of qualified facilities. This paper will highlight the SPCC rule provisions that provide flexibility in order to facilitate compliance and achieve the goal of preventing discharges of oil to navigable waters and adjoining shorelines. It will discuss the background of the SPCC rule; the key revisions that specifically offer alternative compliance options, with a focus on small oil storage capacity facilities; and provide an overview of the 2007 proposed revisions to the SPCC rule.

scholarly journals Massive Fire Incidents of Multiple Aboveground Storage Tanks due to Vapor Cloud Explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Shoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
The World ◽  
Vapor Cloud

The vapor cloud explosion (VCE) begins with a release of a large quantity of flammable vaporing liquid from a storage tank, transportation vessel or pipeline. If VCE occurs in an oil storage facility, multiple tanks burn simultaneously. There is no effective firefighting method for multiple tanks fire. It will be extinguished when oil burned out spending several days. Many incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE have occurred all over the world in recent 50 years. This paper reviews the past 6 incidents of multiple tanks fire due to VCE.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

A Short Life of Kierkegaard

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Lowrie ◽  
Alastair Hannay
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Hans Christian Andersen

A small, insignificant-looking intellectual with absurdly long legs, Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a veritable Hans Christian Andersen caricature of a man. A strange combination of witty cosmopolite and melancholy introvert, he spent years writing under a series of fantastical pseudonyms, lavishing all the splendor of his mind on a seldom-appreciative world. He had a tragic love affair with a young girl, was dominated by an unforgettable Old Testament father, fought a sensational literary duel with a popular satiric magazine, and died in the midst of a violent quarrel with the state church for which he had once studied theology. Yet this iconoclast produced a number of brilliant books that have profoundly influenced modern thought. This classic biography presents a charming and warmly appreciative introduction to the life and work of the great Danish writer. It tells the story of Kierkegaard's emotionally turbulent life with a keen sense of drama and an acute understanding of how his life shaped his thought. The result is a wonderfully informative and entertaining portrait of one of the most important thinkers of the past two centuries.

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