Intrusões: Guimarães Rosa-Bogotá Notas para uma tradução de “Páramo”

Author(s):  
Bairon Oswaldo Vélez

This paper comments on the first Spanish translation of João Guimarães Rosa's short story "Páramo", which narrates the exile of a Brazilian lost with mountain sickness in a cold and hostile Bogotá. This translation is briefly explained in the following pages, giving special emphasis to some prominent features of the original version, in addition to the cultural context, critical and theoretical readings and the translation strategy evident in the translator‘s intervention. Finally, it is made clear how a certain perspective of the other – present in the original version as well – passes through the translation process and indicates the conditions of its presentation in the target language. The original article is in Portuguese.

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Amal Arrame

Translation is not simple transpositions operations or transcoding processes from one language to another, it involves complex mental processes where linguistics alone cannot be sufficient. It is a communication situation between two languages, Arabic and French in this case, where the objective of the translator is the transmission of his final product in a clear way, respecting the meaning and the author intention of the original version. Translation of phrases is a real dilemma for translators; however, it turns out that it is a necessity in order to discover the other, and to try to keep the same effect as the source text by giving it a stylistic touch typical to the target language. To this end, we have carefully chosen the corpus that we have translated. A corpus that reflects the originality of the Arabic language and the possibility of reducing the linguistic, cultural and discursive gaps between Arabic and French through translation. The translation processes we have chosen, take into account the target language, French in this case, its idioms, phrases and proverbs inventory, its particularity and, finally, its ability to comprehend the idea contained in the idioms of the source language.


Babel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Laurence Wong

Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between syntax and translatability, particularly in respect of literary texts. By translatability is meant the degree of ease with which one language lends itself to translation into another language. Through practice in the translation between Chinese and some of the major European languages, such as English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin, and Greek, as well as between the European languages themselves, it can be found that translating between the European languages is much easier than translating between Chinese and any one of the European languages. Of all the factors that determine whether a language translates more readily or less readily into another language, syntactic differences constitute one of the most decisive. This is because the translator is, during the translation process, constantly dealing with syntax in two directions: the syntax of the source language on the one hand and the syntax of the target language on the other. As a result, problems arising from the syntactic differences between the two languages are bound to figure more prominently than those arising from the differences between individual lexical items and phrases or between cultures. In this paper, syntax will be studied and analysed with reference to Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek texts. Finally, it will be shown that, mainly because of syntactic differences, there is a higher degree of translatability between any two of the above European languages (which are members of the Indo-European family) than between Chinese (which is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family) and any one of these European languages, and that the syntax of any one of these European languages can cope comfortably with Chinese syntax, but not the other way round. Résumé Cet article traite de la relation entre la syntaxe et la traduisibilité, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les textes littéraires. On entend par traduisibilité le degré de facilité avec laquelle une langue se prête à la traduction dans une autre. Par la pratique de la traduction entre le chinois et quelques-unes des principales langues européennes, comme l’anglais, le français, l’italien, l’allemand, l’espagnol, le latin et le grec, ainsi qu’entre les langues européennes mêmes, on s’aperçoit qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de traduire entre les langues européennes qu’entre le chinois et n’importe quelle langue européenne. Parmi tous les facteurs qui déterminent si une langue se traduit plus ou moins aisément dans une autre, les différences syntactiques comptent parmi les plus décisifs. Ceci est dû au fait que le traducteur, pendant le processus de traduction, est constamment confronté à une syntaxe dans deux directions : la syntaxe de la langue source, d’une part, et la syntaxe de la langue cible, d’autre part. En conséquence, les problèmes dus à des différences syntactiques entre les deux langues doivent nécessairement apparaître de manière plus évidente que ceux provenant de différences entre les syntagmes et éléments lexicaux individuels ou entre les cultures. Dans cet article, la syntaxe sera étudiée et analysée en référence à des textes en chinois, anglais, français, allemand, italien, espagnol, latin et grec. Enfin, il montrera qu’en raison des différences syntactiques surtout, la traduisibilité est plus grande entre deux langues européennes précitées quelles qu’elles soient (qui appartiennent à la famille indo-européenne) qu’entre le chinois (qui appartient à la famille sino-tibétaine) et une quelconque de ces langues européennes. Il montrera que la syntaxe de toute langue européenne peut sans difficulté venir à bout de n’importe quelle syntaxe chinoise, mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai.


Babel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang

Abstract The article examines the importance of the reading process in translation, explaining the function of two different reading stances, aesthetic and efferent. I apply Rosenblatt's transactive reading theory to the reading process in translation, using as an example my own experience of translating a Chinese short story into English to demonstrate the complicated role that reading transaction plays in translation. According to Rosenblatt, the meaning of a text is only formed when the reader transacts with the writer by sharing their psychological, social, and language experience through reading. Hence, different purposes of reading in various stages of translation affect greatly the reading process and the interpretation of the text. I realize that when I first read the Chinese story for my personal pleasure, I was led into an aesthetic living-through experience. But in my second reading of the same story for the purpose of translation, I had to adopt a more distanced, more efferent stance in order to search for the implied tone and mood of the work. The re-reading of both the Chinese and the English texts after translation, on the other hand, requires both efferent and aesthetic stances for a linguistic as well as an artistic evaluation. I draw the conclusion that the reading/translation process is necessarily a process of negotiation between aesthetic and efferent stances. A TL text completely identical to an SL text is not producible, not only because of linguistic and cultural differences, but also because of the idiosyncratic nature of the reading transaction. Résumé Le présent article examine l'importance que revêt, en matière de traduction, le processus de lecture, en expliquant la fonction de deux attitudes de lectures différentes: la perception esthétique et la perception efférente. En ce qui concerne le processus de lecture en matière de traduction, l'auteur applique la théorie de Rosenblatt sur la lecture transactive, en se servant, à titre d'exemple, de sa propre expérience de la traduction en anglais d'une nouvelle chinoise, pour démontrer le rôle complexe de la lecture. Selon Rosenblatt, la signification d'un texte n'est clairement établie que lorsque le lecteur s'engage avec l'auteur dans une relation d'échange qui implique le partage, par la lecture, de leur expérience commune des domaines psychologique, social et linguistique. Par conséquent, les différents objectifs de la lecture, à différents niveaux de traduction, influencent fortement le processus de lecture et l'interprétation du texte. L'auteur est conscient du fait que sa première lecture — pour le plaisir — de la nouvelle chinoise lui a fait vivre une expérience esthétique. Mais lors de sa seconde lecture, accomplie en vue de traduire la nouvelle, il a été obligé d'adopter une attitude plus distanciée, plus objective, afin de découvrir le ton et l'esprit dans lesquels était rédigé l'ouvrage. En revanche, lorsqu'il s'agit d'évaluer le texte traduit, tant au niveau linguistique qu'artistique, la relecture, après traduction donc, des textes chinois et anglais exige d'adopter les deux attitudes, tant esthétique qu'efférente. L'auteur arrive donc à la conclusion que le processus de lecture/traduction est nécessairement un processus de négociation entre l'attitude esthétique et l'attitude efférente. Il est impossible de produire un texte parfaitement identique dans la langue d'arrivée, et ce non seulement en raison des divergences linguistiques et culturelles, mais également à cause de la nature idiosyncrasique du processus de lecture.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vahid Rafieyan

<p>In order for the translator to be able to translate the source text into the target language in a relevant way, the strata of the translated text through which relevance can be obtained (pragmatic, pragmatic-semantic, and semantic strata) should be equalized to that of the source text (Li &amp; Luo, 2004). The translator can achieve this by raising his/her awareness of the source and target language pragmatic perspectives. To investigate the actual effect of developing knowledge of pragmatic perspectives of the source language and the target language on the quality of translation of culture-bound texts, the current study was conducted on 64 Iranian undergraduate students of English translation. The study consisted of three phases: 1) administering a culture-bound text to be translated by all participants, 2) dividing participants into two groups: one merely receiving translation exercises while the other receiving metapragmatic discussions of the pragmatic perspectives of the source language along with translation exercises, and 3) assessing the translation quality of both groups immediately and two months following the treatment. The study revealed the significant positive effect of pragmatic instruction on improving the quality of translation of culture-bound texts and maintaining the obtained knowledge. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested incorporating the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the source language and their distinctions with the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the target language into translation classes as an integral part of translation classes.</p>


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation &amp; Literary Studies ◽  
Mohsine Khazrouni

The present study aims to highlight the importance of adaptation in translation. To convey the message, translators need to take into account not only the text, but also extra linguistic factors such as the target audience. The present paper claims that adaptation is an unavoidable translation strategy when dealing with texts that are heavy with religious and cultural themes. The translation task becomes even more challenging when dealing with children’s literature as the audience is children whose comprehension, experience and world knowledge is limited. The study uses the Arabic translation of the short story “Christmas Every Day” by William Dean Howells (1837- 1920) as a case study. The short story will be translated and the pragmatic problems involved will be discussed. The focus will be on the issue of adaptation. i.e., the source text should be adapted to the target language audience`s social and cultural environment.


LETRAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (61) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Xinia Valverde Jara

Se analiza el recurso de las notas a pie de página insertas en la traducción independiente de literatura comercial en versión digital, de la trilogía Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker y Fifty Shades Freed, de E. L. James. Se examina el grado de influencia de esos elementos extratextuales, y se concluye que todos ellos, organizados en un complejo proceso de traducción, en especial los del contexto de llegada, condicionan la estrategia traductológica. Abstract This study examines the use of footnotes as a translation strategy in the independent translation of commercial literature in digital format, based on the trilogy written by E. L. James, Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker and Fifty Shades Freed. The analysis measures the influence of these extratextual elements within the complex translation process, specifically those of the target language context, and it is concluded that they condition the translation strategies used. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Huyen Trang

Translating poetry is an interesting but challenging task. In addition to fully conveying the meaning of the original version, it is also necessary to describe the poem rhyme as well as retain the metre in the target language. Within the scope of this article, the author attempts to translate some Nom poems in the treasure of Vietnamese Nom poetry into Chinese. The translating process shows that the multi-faceted similarities between the two languages, the inheritance and development of the characteristics of Chinese Tang poetry in Nom poetry allow the translator to use the method of phonemic translation, literal translation and rhymed translation. In addition, the author gives personal perspectives on translation, as well as suggests the features which should be kept in the translation process.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Paulina Rosińska

Abstract Inspired by the fact that there are as many as five different Polish translations of Gunnar Ekelöf’s poem Absentia animi (Non serviam, 1945), this paper aims to present and discuss several criteria that may be helpful to identify, describe and evaluate conditions, tendencies and strategies concerning Polish translations of Swedish poetry. The most crucial of the presented criteria, that may be used in order to ascertain what kind of poetry has been translated from Swedish into Polish so far, is the translator’s attitude to literary canons. It is based on Jerzy Jarniewicz’s distinction between two possible attitudes, i. e. ‘ambassador’ and ‘legislator’, which stand for respectively transferring the established canon from the source-language literature, and creating a new one that can influence the target-language literature. The other criteria discussed refer to the following questions: the affiliation of the translated text with either the source-language literature or the target-language literature (1), the possibility of evaluation of poetry translation (2), and the concept of untranslatability (3). All of the mentioned criteria can help to analyze the specific strategies applied in the translation process. The paper is to be seen as an introduction to a larger ongoing research conducted by the author.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Viet Khoa

Translation of phraseological units with proper names (PUPs) is topical for the contemporary translation studies nowadays. It is noted that PUPs reflect the culture and national mentality of a definite nation. Quite a few studies have prospectively examined English PUPs and their translation into other languages, but it is hard to find such an in-depth study in the case the target language is Vietnamese. By employing the qualitative approach, this paper sets out the findings of the study where 241 English PUPs in our compiled database were classified into four groups according to their translations into Vietnamese. The group of non-idiomatic and descriptive translation equivalents accounts for a majority of more than 57% of all the PUPs, proving that PUPs in both languages are highly culture-specific. Although the other three groups share a minority of approximately 43% of all the PUPs, they hold interesting implications and multiple levels of similar or different metaphors. Based on the findings, the paper discusses the challenges translators encounter during the translation process of English PUPs into their Vietnamese equivalents. It is evident that among various translation obstacles, the proper name factor is clearly one of the most challenging issues. The paper then proposes some translation solutions to cope with these special expressions. In addition to recommending to flexibly apply translation strategies, the author's conclusion emphasizes that only when translators manage to decode and grasp how PUPs work cross-linguistically in both languages and cultures can they achieve an appropriate translation of English PUPs.


2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik

The question whether communicating message can be done correctly in a translation process is a problematic issue. The process of translating is not only doing the conversion of text from one language to another, but also communicating the message, which is culturally bounded. Translators always risk inappropriate spill-over of source-language idioms and forms into the target-language translation. On the other hand, spill-overs have imported useful source language calques and loanwords that have enriched the target languages. Indeed, translators have helped substantially to shape the languages into which they have translated. 


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