scholarly journals Perbandingan Konsumsi Lemak Berdasarkan Tingkat Keparahan Akne Vulgaris pada Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Kota Jambi

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisa Sulistia ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Akne Vulgaris

Abstrak Salah satu faktor pencetus akne vulgaris adalah diet tinggi lemak, terutama lemak jenuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan konsumsi lemak berdasarkan tingkat keparahan akne vulgaris menurut kriteria Lehmann. Penelitian ini berupa studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional melalui pemeriksaan statusdermatologikus menurut kriteria Lehmann dan pengambilan data konsumsi menggunakan FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) pada 138 siswa kelas X dan XI SMK Negeri 1 Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat akne vulgaris derajat ringan (49%), akne vulgaris derajat sedang (42%), dan akne vulgaris derajat berat (9%). Reratakonsumsi lemak total 89,35 ± 17,63 gram. Rerata konsumsi SFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) 37,07 ± 9,97 gram. Rerata konsumsi MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid) 15,30 ± 11,79 gram. Rerata konsumsi PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) 12,03 ± 9,25 gram.Uji oneway Anova menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna rerata konsumsi lemak total (p > 0,05) dan SFA (p > 0,05) berdasarkan tingkat keparahan akne vulgaris. Uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna MUFA (p > 0,05), dan PUFA (p > 0,05) berdasarkan tingkat keparahan akne vulgaris. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan konsumsi lemak berdasarkan tingkat keparahan akne vulgaris pada siswa SMKNegeri 1 Kota Jambi.Kata kunci: akne vulgaris, FFQ, lemak total, SFA, MUFA, PUFA Abstract One of the precipited factors is high fat diet, especially saturated fats. The objective of this study was to determine the comparison of fat consumption which is based on the severity of acne vulgaris.This research wasanalytic observational study using cross sectional design, by examining dermatologic status according to Lehmann criteria and  taking consumption record with FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) of  138 tenth and eleventh grade student in SMKN 1 Jambi. The result showed that mild acne vulgaris (49%), moderate acne vulgaris (42%), and severe acne vulgaris (9%). The average of total fat consumption was 89.35 ± 17.63 gram. The average of SFA (Saturated Fatty Acid) consumption was 37.07 ± 9.97 gram. The average of MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid) was 15.30 ± 11.79 gram. The average of PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) is 12.03 ± 9.25 gram. Oneway Anova test showed no significant difference of average total fat consumption (p > 0,05) and, average SFA consumption (p > 0,05) which was based on the severity of acne vulgaris. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference of average MUFA consumption (p>0,05), and average PUFA consumption (p>0,05) which is based on the severity of acne vulgaris. This research shows no significant difference of fat consumption which is based on the severity of acne vulgaris in studentsof SMKN 1 Jambi.Keywords: acne vulgaris, FFQ, total fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilili Feyesa Regassa ◽  
Bilal S Endris ◽  
Esete Habtemariam ◽  
Hamid Y Hassen ◽  
Seifu H Ghebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Classification Agreement

Abstract Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: A total of 105 adults, of which 43 (41%) were men and 62 (59%) women aged 20-65 years participated in this study. To evaluate the validity of FFQ against two 24-HRs, we used a paired t-test and Wilcoxon- signed rank test to compare mean and median daily nutrient and food intakes obtained from the averages of the two 24-HRs and the FFQ, correlation coefficients to measure the strength and direction of the correlation, Cross-classification and kappa to assess classification agreement and Bland-Altman analysis for assessing limits of agreement between the two methods.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the crude correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients, it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from to 0.10 (total fat) to 0.80 (vitamin A) Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and FFQ. Crude correlation for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from 0.24 (egg) to 0.10 (Meat/Poultry/Fish). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intakes. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. Individual level validity was acceptable for energy and most nutrients as indicated by de-attenuated correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. However, group level validity was poor for most nutrients.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilili Feyesa ◽  
Bilal S Endris ◽  
Esete Habtemariam ◽  
Hamid Y Hassen ◽  
Seifu H Gebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: The FFQ has a total of 89 food items. A total of 105 adults aged 20–65 years participated in this study. Wilcoxon- signed rank test, Spearman’s correlation, Cross-classification, kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to validate food group intakes and nutrients derived from FFQ against two 24-HRs.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and FFQ. Correlation coefficients for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intakes. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. However, estimates of roots and tuber and beverages should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman Kulit Wajah, Dada dan Punggung Pada Penderita Akne Vulgaris di Kota Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Yuni Selfiana Br. Sembiring ◽  
Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan ◽  
Kristo A Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Akne Vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit that often occurs in adolescents and young adults. The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris involves several factors, one of which is the acidity (pH) of the skin.  Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in the degree of acidity of facial skin, chest and back of patients with acne vulgaris.  Methods: This was a comparative analytic study with cross sectional design. The sample collection technique was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA-test.  Results: The majority of patients with acne vulgaris who came to Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan and the private clinic of dr. Rudyn Reymond Panjaitan, M.Ked (KK), Sp.KK was a 17-25 year old. The mean acidity of facial skin with acne vulgaris was 5.66, the mean acidity of chest skin was 5,84 and the mean acidity of back skin was 6.09. There was a significant difference in the mean value of acidity in facial, chest and back skin of patients with acne vulgaris (p = 0,000). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in average degree of acidity on the facial, chest and back skin in patients with acne vulgaris.

scholarly journals Development and validation of food frequency questionnaire for food and nutrient intakes of adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilili F. Regassa ◽  
Bilal S. Endris ◽  
Esete Habtemariam ◽  
Hamid Y. Hassen ◽  
Seifu H. Ghebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract We developed a culturally-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to the Ethiopian context and evaluate its validity in comparison to two 24-h dietary recalls (24-HRs) of food and nutrient intake. To evaluate the validity of a culturally-specific FFQ against two 24-HRs, we used a paired t-test, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, Correlation coefficients, cross-classification, κ and Bland-Altman analysis. The FFQ was obtained 15 d after the second 24-HR was completed. A total of 105 adults, of which 43 (41 %) were men and 62 (59 %) women, aged 20–65 years participated in this present study. Mean energy and macronutrient intake obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and nutrient intakes, the crude correlation ranged from 0⋅05 (total fat) to 0⋅49 (vitamin B1). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from to 0⋅10 (total fat) to 0⋅80 (vitamin A). For the majority of food groups, no significant difference was observed in the median intake of food and nutrients. Crude correlation for food groups ranged from 0⋅12 (egg) to 0⋅78 (legumes). The de-attenuated correlation ranged from 0⋅24 (egg) to 1⋅00 (meat/poultry/fish and dairy). The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intake of most food groups according to high and low intake categories.

scholarly journals Associations Among Diet Quality-Related Biomarkers, Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and 24-hour Dietary Recall

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1374-1374
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
John Dawson ◽  
Shao-Hua Chin ◽  
Martin Binks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency

Abstract Objectives Self-reported dietary data suffer from high measurement error and findings that rely on them are of limited value. We determined the association of diet quality related biomarkers with associated measures from Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24); and the association of FFQ and ASA24. Methods This cross-sectional single-visit study included 127 subjects (18–60 years, BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2). Diet quality related biomarkers were collected from pre-planned subsample (N = 33) to measure - plasma alkylresorcinol for whole grain, omega-3 index, serum fatty acid composition for dairy, serum carotenoids for fruit and vegetable, and serum selenium for seafood intake. Self-reported dietary intake data for whole grain, Omega-3 index, fatty acid, carotenoids, and selenium were calculated per instrument guidelines using FFQ and ASA24. Biomarkers were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry Facility, TTU. Outcomes with missing data were handled via multiple imputation with predictive mean matching. Spearman's correlation coefficient (using R statistical software) were used to assess the association of biomarkers with self-reported measures (N = 33), and the association between FFQ and ASA24 (N = 33, and N = 127). Results Diet quality related biomarkers were not associated with self-reported intake (all P > 0.07), except, omega-3 index was significantly correlated with reported intake in FFQ (P = 0.01). Significant associations were reported for whole grain, omega-3 index, and dairy intake between FFQ and ASA24 (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, P = 0.05 respectively; N = 33). After further analysis with N = 127 between FFQ and ASA24 significant association were reported in whole grain (P = 0.02), Omega-3 index (P = 4.90e-3), dairy (P = 1.79e-8), and seafood intake (P = 6.06e-4), but not carotenoid intake (P = 0.96). Conclusions A significant association between measures via FFQ and ASA24 suggests consistency in self-reporting and also the likelihood these measures do not capture the time-frames they purport to – but rather a self-belief/representation of habitual intake patterns. Interestingly, the association of one of the biomarkers with self-reported intake suggests the necessity of including larger sample to better determine validity of self-reported data. Funding Sources Texas Tech University.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Food and Nutrient Intake of Adults in Butajira, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilili Feyesa ◽  
Bilal S Endris ◽  
Esete Habtemariam ◽  
Hamid Y Hassen ◽  
Seifu H Gebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background: To date, there is no culture-specific and validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) available in Ethiopia. We developed a FFQ and evaluated its validity as compared to estimates of a food group and nutrient intakes derived from two 24-Hour Dietary Recalls (24-HRs).Method: The FFQ has a total of 89 food items. A total of 105 adults aged 20 to 65 years participated in this study. Wilcoxon- signed rank test, Spearman’s correlation, Cross-classification, kappa, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to validate food group intakes and nutrients derived from the FFQ against two 24-HRs.Results: Mean energy and macronutrient intakes obtained from the FFQ were significantly higher than those obtained from the mean of two 24-HRs. For energy and macronutrients, the correlation between two instruments ranged from 0.05 (total fat) to 0.32 (carbohydrate). Whereas, for micronutrients, it ranged from 0.1 (calcium) to 0.49 (vitamin B1). Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots for both energy and macronutrients shows no consistent trend across the intake values. For the majority of the food groups, no significant difference was observed in median intake of foods and nutrients between 24-HRs and the FFQ. The correlation coefficients for food groups ranged from 0.12 (egg) to 0.78 (legumes). The FFQ showed a fair classification agreement with the 24-HRs for cereals, legumes, and roots and tubers intake. A systematic trend of overestimation for roots and tubers and under estimation of beverage intakes at higher values was observed when we used FFQ.Conclusion: The FFQ is valid to assess and rank individuals in terms of intakes of most food groups according to high and low intake categories. However, estimates of roots and tuber and beverages should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and development of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire for a lifestyle intervention to reduce the risk of chronic diseases in Canadian First Nations in north-western Ontario

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Sharma ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Lara S Ho ◽  
Elizabeth Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
North Western

AbstractObjectivesTo characterise the diet of First Nations in north-western Ontario, highlight foods for a lifestyle intervention and develop a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (QFFQ).DesignCross-sectional survey using single 24 h dietary recalls.SettingEight remote and semi-remote First Nations reserves in north-western Ontario.Subjects129 First Nations (Oji-Cree and Ojibway) men and women aged between 18 and 80 years.ResultsThe greatest contributors to energy were breads, pasta dishes and chips (contributing over 20 % to total energy intake). ‘Added fats’ such as butter and margarine added to breads and vegetables made up the single largest source of total fat intake (8·4 %). The largest contributors to sugar were sugar itself, soda and other sweetened beverages (contributing over 45 % combined). The mean number of servings consumed of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were much lower than recommended. The mean daily meat intake was more than twice that recommended. A 119-item QFFQ was developed including seven bread items, five soups or stews, 24 meat- or fish-based dishes, eight rice or pasta dishes, nine fruits and 14 vegetables. Frequency of consumption was assessed by eight categories ranging from ‘Never or less than one time in one month’ to ‘two or more times a day’.ConclusionWe were able to highlight foods for intervention to improve dietary intake based on the major sources of energy, fat and sugar and the low consumption of fruit and vegetable items. The QFFQ is being used to evaluate a diet and lifestyle intervention in First Nations in north-western Ontario.

Faktor Gizi dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Nurlaili Handayani ◽  
Muhammad Dawam Jamil ◽  
Ika Ratna Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency

Faktor gizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan belajar anak, termasuk pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) yang berada pada usia remaja dan disiapkan sebagai tenaga terampil sesuai bidang keahliannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor gizi yang meliputi asupan energi dan zat gizi (karbohidrat, protein, lemak, zat besi, vitamin C, dan zink), kebiasaan sarapan, dan status gizi dengan prestasi belajar pada siswa SMK di Sleman, DIY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional cross sectional pada 100 siswa kejuruan dengan jurusan bidang teknik kendaraan ringan yang berasal dari SMKN 2 Depok, SMKN 1 Seyegan dan SMK Muhammadiyah Prambanan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik individu dan semi kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Status gizi ditentukan dengan indikator IMT/U dan prestasi belajar diukur dari nilai ujian praktik mata pelajaran kejuruan. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek memiliki asupan energi defisit (68%), protein defisit (40%), lemak defisit (57%), karbohidrat defisit (65%), vitamin C defisit (27%), zat besi defisit (59%), zink defisit (93%), status gizi normal (67%), dan kebiasaan sarapan jarang (35%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat asupan energi dan zat gizi serta status gizi dengan prestasi belajar (p>0,05) tetapi ada hubungan signifikan antara kebiasaan sarapan (p=0,010) serta pekerjaan ayah dan ibu (p=0,030 dan p=0,031) dengan prestasi belajar. Disimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan sarapan merupakan faktor gizi yang berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar siswa SMK.

scholarly journals Validation of an interviewer-administered seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for the dietary assessment of preschool children in rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabuktagin Rahman ◽  
Patricia Lee ◽  
Santhia Ireen ◽  
Moudud ur-Rahman Khan ◽  
Faruk Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Absolute Agreement

Abstract A validation study of an interviewer-administered, seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (7-d SQFFQ) was conducted in Bangladeshi rural preschool age children. Using a cross-sectional study design, 105 children from 103 households were randomly selected. For the SQFFQ, a list of commonly consumed foods was adapted from the Bangladesh national micronutrient survey 2011–12. The data on the actual number of times and the amount of the children's consumption of the foods in the preceding 1 week were collected by interviewing the mothers. The intake was compared with two non-consecutive days 24-h dietary recalls conducted within 2 weeks after the SQFFQ. Validity was assessed by the standard statistical tests. After adjusting for the energy intake and de-attenuation for within-subject variation, the food groups (cereals, animal source foods, milk and the processed foods) had ‘good’ correlations between the methods (rho 0⋅65–0⋅93; P < 0⋅001). Similarly, the macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fats) had ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅50–0⋅75; P < 0⋅001) and the key micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, etc.) demonstrated ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅46–0⋅85; P < 0⋅001). The variation in classifying the two extreme quintiles by the SQFFQ and the 24-h recalls was <10 %. The results from Lin's concordance coefficients showed a ‘moderate’ to ‘excellent’ absolute agreement between the two methods for food groups, and nutrients (0⋅21–0⋅90; P < 0⋅001). This interviewer-administered, 7-d SQFFQ with an open-ended intake frequency demonstrated adequate validity to assess the dietary intake for most nutrients and suitable for dietary assessments of young children in Bangladesh.

Evaluating the Association Between Artificial Sweetener Intake and Indicators of Stress and Anxiety

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
Paul Branscum
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption and stress and anxiety, among a sample of college students. Two-hundred and twenty-seven students from a large mid-western university participated in this cross-sectional study. Students completed an online survey that evaluated NNS using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Stress and anxiety were evaluated using previously validated instruments. Most students reported very low/low/average concern for stress (63.9%), and had low/moderate anxiety (82.3%). Participants experiencing high and very high levels of stress had significantly higher NNS consumption compared to those with a very low and low risk, and concern for stress ( p < .046; d = 0.28). There was no difference however for NNS intake and anxiety. Reduction of artificial sweetener intake may be associated with stress levels among college students. However, more research is needed to examine any causal relationship between artificial sweetener intake and stress.

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