scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Minyak Atsiri terhadap Pertumbuhan Microsporum canis secara in Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunga Saridewi Nurmansyah ◽  
Aziz Djamal Djamal ◽  
Asterina Asterina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tropical Areas

AbstrakDermatofitosis merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di daerah tropis. Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu potensi alam Indonesia yang diketahui memiliki daya antifungi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas beberapa minyak atsiri (serai wangi, kayu manis dan cengkeh) sebagai antijamur dalam mengendalikan pertumbuhan Microsporum canis penyebab dermatofitosis secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi KP Balittro Laing Solok dari  Februari sampai April 2014. Studi eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan metode pengenceran disusun  dalam Desain Rancang Acak Lengkap dalam Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis minyak atsiri (daun serai wangi, daun kayu manis, daun cengkeh). Faktor kedua adalah tingkat konsentrasi minyak atsiri (100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun serai wangi, daun kayu manis dan daun sarasah cengkeh efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan M. canis secara in vitro. Ketiga minyak atsiri pada konsentrasi 500 ppm telah mampu menghambat pertumbuhan M. canis hingga 100%. Minyak atsiri daun sarasah cengkeh memiliki efek antifungi paling tinggi (89,17%), diikuti minyak atsiri daun serai wangi (80,98%) dan kayu manis (77,07%).                Kata kunci: minyak atsiri, serai wangi, cengkeh, kayumanis, microsporum canis AbstractDermatophytosis is an important public health problem in tropical areas. Essential oil is one of natural potential from Indonesia has been predicted as antifungal. The objective of this study was to detect effectivity some essential oils such as citronella, cinnamon and clove as antifungal to control the growth of dermatophyte infections caused by Microsporum canis by in vitro . The study was done  in the Laboratory of Phytopathology KP Balitro of Laing Solok from February until April 2014. This is an experimental study with dilution method arranged in Complete Randomized Design in factorial. The first factor was the kind of essential oil (citronella leaf, cinnamon leaf and clove leaf). The second  factor was the level of concentration of the essential oil (100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm). The result of this study showed the essential oil of citronella, cinnamon and cloves effective in suppressing the growth of M. canis. The three essential oil at a concentration of 500 ppm was able to inhibit the growth of M. canis to 100%. Clove essential oils have the highest antifungal effect (89,17%), while citronella essential oil 80,98% and cinnamon 77,07%.Keywords: essential oil, citronella, cinnamon, clove, microsporum canis

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Frankincense Oils from Boswellia sacra Grown in Different Locations of the Dhofar Region (Oman)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Di Stefano ◽  
Domenico Schillaci ◽  
Maria Grazia Cusimano ◽  
Mohammed Rishan ◽  
Luay Rashan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Boswellia Sacra

Frankincense essential oils from Boswellia sacra have been commonly used to treat microbial infections from as early as the 11th century. The main feature of the plant is its gum resin, from which it is possible to obtain essential oils. In the present study, we focused on the comparative study of the oils extracted from the resins of three different Boswellia sacra cultivars (Najdi, Sahli and Houjri). From each of frankincense resin three successive essential oil samples (Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3) were obtained. Houjri gum resin gave the lowest percentage (5%) of total essential oil content but showed the maximum number of volatile components in all three grades. Najdi Grade 2 essential oil showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 52 mg/mL toward relevant pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and samples from Grade 2 of Sahily and Houjiri were particularly active against a dermatological strain Propionibacterium acnes, displaying MIC values of 0.264 and 0.66 mg/mL, respectively. Data obtained from in vitro studies showed that all essential oils had a significant antifungal effect against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, showing MIC values ranging from 54.56 to 0.246 mg/mL. This work aims to increase the number of substances available in the fight against pathogens and to combat the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, encouraging the use of alternative resources, especially in non-clinical settings (farms, food processing, etc.).

Chemical Composition and Combinatory Antifungal Activities of Ammoides verticillata, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa Essential Oils Against Four Fungi Responsible for Tomato Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Senouci ◽  
Nassira G. Benyelles ◽  
Mohammed E.A. Dib ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
Alain Muselli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Tomato is considered a model plant in genetics and is one of the most economically important crops of all those that exist in the world. Several species of fungi are reported on tomato fruit, causing damage both during cultivation and after harvest. Some of the appropriate actions that could be initiated to resolve the problem are to develop and search for new antimicrobial substances isolated from the bioactive natural products, such as essential oils. Aim and Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa, to evaluate their in-vitro antifungal activities and in-vivo antifungal effect of essential oils to prevent the diseases caused by tomato. Materials and Methods: The essential oils obtained from aerial parts of plants were analyzed by GC/MS and tested for their antifungal activities against Penicillium expansum, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata using the radial growth technique method. The effectiveness in-vivo of the association between Allium sativum and Curcuma longa essential oils was also investigated on tomatoes inoculated by fungi. Results: The essential oil from A. verticilata was mainly composed of phenolic compounds (54.4%), the A. sativum oil was mainly composed of sulfur compounds (91.5%) and C. longa oil was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (82.0%). The obtained results in-vitro antifungal revealed that individual essential oils of A. verticillata and A. sativum were more active than the essential oil of C. longa against all screened microorganisms. An important antifungal effect of A. sativum and C. longa essential oils blend was obtained against P. expansum (100%), F. solani (95.2%), R. stolonifer (95.1%) and A. alternata (48.5%). Furthermore, A. sativum and C. longa essential oils blends have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of tomato against P. expansum and R. stolonifer. Conclusion: A. sativum and C. longa essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored tomato against many phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of different medicinal plants on Candida albicans growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5995-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZORAN TAMBUR ◽  
DESANKA CENIĆ MILOŠEVIĆ ◽  
IVAN MILEUSNIĆ ◽  
RADOJE DODER ◽  
MARJAN MARJANOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of ethanol extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants from Serbia against Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231. Ethanol extracts of fifteen plants were investigated, and their effects were compared with those of three different essential oils. The sensitivity of C. albicans to all plants was tested by the agar dilution method. The assay plates were estimated to contain 300, 150, 75, and 37.5 µg/ml of active extracts and 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 µg/ml of active essential oils. Inocula were applied to agar surfaces, giving approximately 106 cfu/ml of C. albicans. No inhibitory effects were observed for ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum and Salvia officinalis (MIC > 300 µg/ml). The most effective were the ethanol extract of Aesculus hippocastanum (MIC = 37.5 µg/ml) and the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii (MIC = 12.5 µg/ml). Other plants showed MIC from 25 to 300 µg/ml. As far as we know, the inhibitory effects of these medicinal plants against the reference strain of C. albicans have not been commonly investigated in our country. Although the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii shows strong activity against C. albicans, these results need clinical evaluation..

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Investigations of Essential Oils from Stem Barks of Enantia Chlorantha Oliv. and Polyalthia Suaveolens Engler. & Diels. from Cameroon

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilienne Nyegue ◽  
Paul-Henri Amvam-Zollo ◽  
François-Xavier Etoa ◽  
Huguette Agnaniet ◽  
Chantal Menut
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of barks of Enantia chlorantha and Polyalthia suaveolens, two Annonaceae from Cameroon were investigated. Chemical analyses by GC and GC-MS showed that for both plants sesquiterpenes are predominant, the main constituents being 1,5-epoxysalvial-4(14)-ene (12.8%), caryophyllene oxide (13.4%), humulene epoxide II (8.1%) and spathulenol (7.0%), for E. chlorantha; β-caryophyllene (16.0%), germacrene D (8.5%), e pi-α-cadinol (8.3%), caryophyllene oxide (7.3%), salvia-4(14)-en-1-one (7.3%) and 5-cadinene (6.0%) for P. suaveolens. Evaluation of the antiradical scavenging activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method indicated that the P. suaveolens essential oil was more active (SC50= 0.71 g/L) than that from E. chlorantha (8.0 g/L). In both cases, the essential oils were less efficient than BHT, taken as a reference (8.8 10-3g/L). In vitro microbiological screening revealed that E. chlorantha essential oil presents a significant activity against the three bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (with a maximum activity > 90% at 2 mg/mL) and six fungal strains, Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Trychophyton rubrum, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger (with a maximum activity > 75% at 2 mg/mL). The volatile extract of P. suaveolens is globally less efficient, as it does not inhibit the growth of either S. aureus or A. flavus.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Bortytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Palfi ◽  
Paško Konjevoda ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antifungal Effect

In vitro study of the effect of different volumes of twelve essential oils on the mycelial growth of economically significant phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and it was compared to the effect of a fungicide. The antifungal activity of essential oils is decreased with the duration of incubation and it differs depending on the type of phytopathogenic fungus and the applied volume. The most effective antifungal effect on both tested fungi was in the essential oil of thyme, with lowest values of IC50 while the weakest effect was in essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon, with the highest values of IC50. Certain essential oils, when applied in certain volumes, had the same or even better effect on the inhibition of the growth of mycelium when compared to the tested fungicides.

scholarly journals The gut at war: the consequences of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection as a factor of diarrhea and malnutrition

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Fagundes-Neto ◽  
Isabel Cristina Affonso Scaletsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Impact

Diarrheal disease is still the most prevalent and important public health problem in developing countries, despite advances in knowledge, understanding, and management that have occurred over recent years. Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The impact of diarrheal diseases is more severe in the earliest periods of life, when taking into account both the numbers of episodes per year and hospital admission rates. This narrative review focuses on one of the major driving forces that attack the host, namely the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and the consequences that generate malnutrition in an early phase of life. EPEC serotypes form dense microcolonies on the surface of tissue-culture cells in a pattern known as localized adherence (LA). When EPEC strains adhere to epithelial cells in vitro or in vivo they cause characteristic changes known as Attaching and Effacement (A/E) lesions. Surface abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa shown by scanning electron microscopy in infants with persistent diarrhea, although non-specific, are intense enough to justify the severity of the clinical aspects displayed in a very young phase in life. Decrease in number and height of microvilli, blunting of borders of enterocytes, loss of the glycocalyx, shortening of villi and presence of a mucus pseudomembrane coating the mucosal surface were the abnormalities observed in the majority of patients. These ultrastructural derangements may be due to an association of the enteric enteropathogenic agent that triggers the diarrheic process and the onset of food intolerance responsible for perpetuation of diarrhea. An aggressive therapeutic approach based on appropriate nutritional support, especially the utilization of human milk and/or lactose-free protein hydrolyzate-based formulas and the adequate correction of the fecal losses, is required to allow complete recovery from the damage caused by this devastating enteropathogenic agent.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and repellent activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera Y. Fujita (Ho-Sho) and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J Presl. var. hosyo (Hon-Sho) on Sitophilus zeamaisMots. (Coleoptera, Curculionedae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. CANSIAN ◽  
V. ASTOLFI ◽  
R.I. CARDOSO ◽  
N. PAROUL ◽  
S.S. ROMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Repellency Activity

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal and repellency activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera Y. Fujita (Ho-Sho) and Cinnamomumcamphora (L.) J Presl.var. hosyo (Hon-Sho), against the Sitophilus zeamais in maize grains. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS.The insecticidal activity was determined by the toxicity of different concentrations of essential oils during 24 hours of contact with the insects, in the absence of feed substrate. The Bioassays of repellency were conducted with lethal doses (LD50,LD25,and LD12.5) obtained from insecticidal bioassay. In order to compare the treatments the preference index (PI) was employed. The analysis of the essential oils of Cinnamomum camphora leaves indicated 68% of camphor and 9% of linalool for the variation Hon-Sho and 95% of linalool to the variation Ho-Sho. The variation Ho-Sho presented greatest insecticidal activity than the variation Hon-Sho against the Sitophiluszeamais, with LD50 of 0.35 μL/cm2, whereas in the variation Hon-Sho the ratewas 0.48 μL/cm2. However, considering only the concentrations of linalool and camphor of Ho-Sho and Hon-Sho, the lethal doses’ evaluation of these compounds were similar. The values of the preference index ranged from -0.3 to -0.8 for thevariation Ho-Sho and -0.2 to -0.7 for the variation Hon-Sho. The essential oils evaluated in this work showed repellent activity against Sitophiluszeamais in vitro and in trials performed in mini-silos.

scholarly journals Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) leaf and flower essential oils to control Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Arachnida: Ixodidae) in the free-living stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5049108788
Author(s):  
Luciane Neris Cazella ◽  
Herika Line de Marko de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽  
Isabelle Luiz Rahal ◽  
Irinéia Paulina Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Egg Hatchability

Baccharis dracunculifolia, native to Brazil and the main source of “green propolis”, has been reported with several biological activities, and may be a source of bovine tick control substituting synthetic acaricides. Objective: to evaluate the in vitro and ex situ acaricidal activity of B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils against Rhipicephalus microplus. Methodology: the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; the acaricidal activity of the essential oil was evaluated in vitro against adult females and against the egg hatchability; moreover, the acaricidal activity against tick larvae was evaluated in vitro and ex situ. Results: the major class of the essential oils was oxygenated sesquiterpene (55.1% leaves 50.4% flowers) and the main compounds were (21.5% leaves; 20.6% flowers) and spathulenol (21.8% leaves; 20.3% flowers). The essential oil at 500 mg/mL was effective to control egg hatchability with a reduction of egg laying capacity and decrease of number of adult ticks and larvae. The larvicidal activity of the essential oil had LC99.9 from 35 to 37 mg/mL by probit analysis, and the essential oil from 11 to 14 mg/mL presented 85 to 95% of treatment efficiency in the ex situ test. Conclusion: B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils are stable and have application potential to control bovine ticks.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of the volatile phase of essential oils and their constituents on Legionella pneumophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Lucia Bićanić ◽  
Silvestar Mežnarić ◽  
Ivana Gobin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Pontiac Fever

Abstract Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Legionella cause atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease and flu – like disease known as Pontiac fever. As pathogens of the respiratory system, these bacteria represent a public health problem and there is a need for examine new alternative ways to inactivate them. These bacteria live naturally in water and are transmitted by infectious aerosols. To purify the air, essential oils that show antimicrobial properties are widely used. The anti-Legionella activity of five exotic essential oils and five Mediterranean essential oils characteristic for coastal Croatia was examined. Model organism used in experiments was L. pneumophila (strain 130b). This experiment was conducting with modified version of sealed plate method using a BCYE medium. The exotic essential oil with highest anti-Legionella activity was Niaouli essential oil, and the best anti-Legionella activity among Mediterranean essential oils showed Immortelle essential oil. Anti- Legionella activity of four main chemical compounds was examined and compound that show significant highest anti-Legionella activity was α – pinene. Volatile components of essential oils have a great potential as anti-Legionella agents and further research are needed.

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