scholarly journals Pragmatics Analysis of Presupposition as Found in The Tagline of Horror Movie Posters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Yelmi Roza ◽  
Ayumi Ayumi
Keyword(s):  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Counterfactual Conditional ◽  
Existential Presupposition ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

This research is about pragmatics analysis of presupposition as found in the tagline of horror movie posters. This research aimed to discover presupposition triggers and type of presupposition in the tagline of horror movie posters. In this research, the data were collected by downloading 14 taglines in horror movie posters. Then, the data downloaded were divided according to the presupposition triggers and the types of presuppositions. The data were analyzed using two theories, presupposition triggers by Kartunnen (1973) and Yule’s presupposition types (1996). The result of the analysis shows an argument and a table. The results show that from 42 presupposition triggers found in the tagline of horror movie posters, definite descriptions are the most dominant presupposition triggers. Other presupposition triggers are the change of state verbs, factive verb, and counterfactual conditional. Meanwhile,  out of 6 types of presuppositions, there are only four types of presuppositions found in the tagline of horror movie posters: existential presupposition, lexical presupposition, factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. 

scholarly journals PRESUPPOSITION IN THE JAKARTA POST�S POLITICAL ARTICLES: A PRAGMATICS APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Fahrus Zaman Fadhly ◽  
Ayu Putri Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Counterfactual Conditionals ◽  
Existential Presupposition ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Presupposition Triggers ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to investigate presupposition in The Jakarta Post daily newspaper�s articles in political column. It covers two problems: types of presupposition and triggers of presupposition. Those problems were identified by applying presupposition theory. The data were interpreted by using descriptive qualitative method since it intended to describe a large number of sentences, clauses and phrases rather than numbers. The result of the study showed that the most frequent was existential presupposition with 202 occurences (78.59%), followed by factive presupposition with 2 occurences (0.79%), lexical presupposition with 36 occurences (14%), structural presupposition with 11 occurences (4.28%), non-factive presupposition with 2 occurences (0.79%) and counterfactual presupposition with 4 occurrences (1.56%). Besides, the study also showed the existence of 691 presupposition triggers which consisted of 631 definite descriptions (90.92%), 2 factive items (0.28%) which was similar to the existence of change of state verbs, 6 implicative verbs (0.86%), 6 itteratives (0.86%), 21 temporal (3.02%), 13 comparisons and contrast (1.87%), 8 questions (1.15%) and 3 counterfactual conditionals (0.43%). Finally, the findings showed that both types and triggers of presuppositions were related each other.Keywords: presupposition, types of presupposition, triggers of presupposition, political column, The Jakarta Post.

Presupposition Triggers in Editorials of the Jakarta Post

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Surya Fitriani ◽  
Sri Minda Murni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Definite Description ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Counterfactual Conditional ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Conditional Sentence ◽  
Presupposition Triggers ◽  
Post Online ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of the study were to find out: (1) the realization of presupposition triggers in editorials of The Jakarta Post (2) the reasons for using presupposition triggers. The study was descriptive qualitative. The source of data was The Jakarta Post online website. The data of the study were the sentences or clause which triggered the presupposed meaning in editorials. The data were identified, analyzed, and categorized based on Levinson’s theory. The findings of the study showed that: (1) 12 from 13 presupposition triggers were found namely: definite description, factive verb, implicative verb, change of state verbs, judging verbs, iterative item, cleft sentences, questions, temporal clause, comparison clause, counterfactual conditional sentence and non-restrictive relative clause, while implicit cleft with stressed constituents was not found. (2) The reasons were a) commonly to present the background information which is assumed to be true, b) to recall the readers toward the information of the event that they have not unintentionally acknowledged, c) to interpret the editorialists’ attitude on the fact of the event and d) to awaken the readers’ curiosity to the questioning things.   Keywords: Editorials, Presupposition Triggers, Levinson theory.

scholarly journals Presupposition: What went wrong?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Karttunen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Come ◽  
King Of France ◽  
Aspectual Verbs ◽  
Paul Grice ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

When the first generation of generative linguists discovered presuppositions in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the initial set of examples was quite small. Aspectual verbs like stop were discussed already by Greek philosophers, proper names, Kepler, and definite descriptions, the present king of France, go back to Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell by the turn of the century. Just in the span of a few years my generation of semanticists assembled a veritable zoo of ‘presupposition triggers’ under the assumption that they were all of the same species. Generations of students have learned about presuppositions from Stephen Levinson’s 1983 book on Pragmatics that contains a list of 13 types of presupposition triggers, an excerpt of an even longer unpublished list attributed to a certain Lauri Karttunen. My task in this presentation is to come clean and show why the items on Levinson’s list should not have been lumped together. In retrospect it is strange that the early writings about presupposition by linguists and even by philosophers like Robert Stalnaker or Scott Soames do not make any reference to the rich palette of semantic relations they could have learned from Frege and later from Paul Grice. If we had known Frege’s concepts of Andeutung – Grice’s conventional implicature – and Nebengedanke, it would have been easy to see that there are types of author commitment that are neither entailments nor presuppositions. 

scholarly journals PRESUPPOSITION TRIGGERS - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ORAL NEWS AND WRITTEN ONLINE NEWS DISCOURSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Luthfiyatun Thoyyibah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Online News ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Existential Presupposition ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

Information becomes a crucial thing that someone gets in everyday terms. Dealing with the digital era, people can get the information through any communication devices. Then, language still has its own rule in communication. As part of linguistic features, the notion of presupposition and its triggers have been studied by many scholars, linguists and philosophers, but as far as the researcher knows, the comparison between presupposition triggers on news broadcast and online transcript has not been explored yet. Therefore, the present research tries to identify the main presupposition triggers used in both transcripts. This is a descriptive qualitative study where it is designed to describe the case of the study by words or sentences rather than numbers. The object of the study is presupposition found in both CNN different news style. Accordingly, two transcripts were analyzed in terms of presupposition triggers, namely existential, factive, lexical, non-factive, structural, counter-factual, adverbial, and relative. The analyses of the transcripts revealed that the most frequently used presupposition trigger in both varieties of oral discourse was existential. It refers to the ability of existential presupposition in diverting attention to other parts of the sentence or utterance. Keywords: presupposition, triggers, presupposition triggers, discourse 

scholarly journals The Use of Presuppositions in the Short Story of Zilkê Şixatê (Matchstick)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Sabah Haji ◽  
Fakhir Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

This study explores the use of presuppositions in the Kurdish short story, Zilkê Şixatê (The Matchstick), which is written in Northern Kurmanji dialect (hence, NK) by Isma’il Hajani. It attempts to determine which type of presupposition is the most recurring one in the short story and why it is so. The data in this study are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Yule’s (2006) classification which divides presupposition into six types has been employed: existential, factive, non-factive, lexical, structural, and counterfactual. The data of the research are sentences which contain presupposition triggers (i.e. linguistic forms to mark presuppositions). Applying the formula presented by Oktoma and Mardiyono (2013: 79), the results obtained throughout this paper show that different types of presuppositions have different percentages from the total number of presuppositions. They are (94) in number. It is noted that the most dominant type of presupposition used in the short story is the existential presupposition, manifesting definite descriptions of facts about real life, while the structural presuppositions have the lowest percentage. This shows that much of the story text is written to definitely describe the main theme, the characters and the events as they are. Finally, this study is particularly important because no other such studies have been conducted on the use of presuppositions in any literary work in NK. Therefore, this study occupies a crucial place in the research literature into pragmatic aspects of NK.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Presupposition Triggers in Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook Speeches in Kathryn Stockett's Novel “The Help"

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaidoon Abbdulrazaq Abboud ◽  
Dr. Fatima Raheem Abdulhussein ◽  
Narjis Audah Rashk
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Type ◽  
Existential Presupposition ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

Presupposition is a linguistic tool that can be used in utterances. The aim of using presupposition in utterance is to enhance the comprehension of what is being communicated. The purpose of the current study is to identify the presupposition triggers types used by two characters in Kathryn Stockett’s novel “The Help" Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook. Furthermore, the study aims at conducting a comparison between the two characters based on the types of presupposition triggers and the purpose they employed these triggers for. The data of the study are carefully selected scenes that involve the two characters. The scenes are anaylsed using the proposed model of Yule's (1996) and Levinson's (1983) classification of presupposition triggers. The analysis of the data reveals that the most dominant type of presupposition triggers that have been used by both of the characters is the existential presupposition triggers. The results show that this type occurred (70) times, which constitutes (69.3%) of the total used types of presupposition triggers. Moreover, it has been found that the second frequently used type of presupposition triggers is the lexical triggers with (18.75%) percentage of occurrence. The two characters have used these types in different contexts to deliver various communicative goals. In other words, the presupposition triggers are used as a linguistic tool for the characters to deliver their thoughts and to communicate more smoothly.

scholarly journals The problem of Presupposition in George Orwell’s Novella Animal Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Faizal Risdianto ◽  
Noor Malihah ◽  
Agung Guritno
Keyword(s):  
Definite Description ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Referential Function ◽  
Presupposition Triggers

This research attempts to investigate the pragmatics presupposition in George Orwell’s Novella Animal Farm. Specifically, it tries to identify and classify the presupposition used in conversation in Orwell’s novella. The identification is based on the presupposition triggers and classification based on six type of presupposition. The research also attempts to analyze the function in the use of presupposition in conversation. The data in this research are in form of utterances containing presupposition. Based on the classification of six presupposition types according to Yule's theory (1996), 180 presuppositions are found: 69 (38,3%) existential triggered by definite description and possessive construction, 35 (19,4%) lexical triggered by change of state verb; implicative predicate; iterative, 53 (29,4%) structural triggered by WH-question, 4 (2,2%) factive triggered by factive verb/predicate aware glad and 19 (10,6%) non-factive triggered by the verb dream imagine. Based on the six language function by Jakobson (1960), there are 5 functions of presupposition in the novella which are, 57 (47, 9%) referential, 33(27,7%) emotive, 25(21,1%) conative, 3(2,5%) poetic and 1 (0,8%) phatic. In this research, the practice of referential function in applying presupposition is considered as the most frequent.Keywords: Presupposition, presupposition triggers, Novella, George Orwell

Change of state of generalized trusses

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Zsolt Gáspár
Keyword(s):  
Change Of State

scholarly journals A Puzzle about Logical Analysis

Philosophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rinner
Keyword(s):  
Complete Solution ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Frege’S Puzzle ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Frege's Puzzle ◽  
Belief Ascriptions

AbstractIn this paper, I will present a puzzle for logical analyses, such as Russell’s analysis of definite descriptions and Recanati’s analysis of ‘that’-clauses. I will argue that together with Kripke’s disquotational principles connecting sincere assent and belief such non-trivial logical analyses lead to contradictions. Following this, I will compare the puzzle about logical analysis with Frege’s puzzle about belief ascriptions. We will see that although the two puzzles do have similarities, the solutions to Frege’s puzzle cannot be applied mutatis mutandis to the puzzle about logical analysis. Hence, to say it with Kripke, the main thesis of this paper is that the puzzle is a puzzle. A complete solution to the puzzle promises a better understanding of both logical analyses and belief ascriptions.

Aspects Of (Un)Boundedness

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Vanden Wyngaerd
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
End Point ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Activity Verb ◽  
Resultative Construction ◽  
Conceptual Necessity

Abstract Resultative predicates have the aspectual effect of telicizing an atelic activity verb. The function of the postverbal constituent in accomplishments has been taken to be one of providing an end point to the activity, or of a constituent that "measures out" the event denoted by the activity verb. In either case, it delimits the event by providing it with boundaries. Looking at resultative predicates, we observe that they are subject to the requirement that they denote a bounded scale. This requirement is argued to be empirically superior to an alternative restriction stating that the resultative must be a stage-level predicate. The boundedness requirement furthermore provides direct evidence against an approach that treats the resultative as an end point, and supports the claim that it is an event measure. One piece of evidence concerns the 'make + NP+Adjective' construction, in which the adjective denotes the final stage or end point in a change of state, exactly as in the resultative construction. In contrast to the resultative, however, the adjective can be unbounded, as it is not an event measure in this case. We argue that the boundedness requirement on resultative predicates follows directly from treating it as an event measure, since a measure must be bounded as a matter of conceptual necessity.

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