PRESUPPOSITION FOUND IN THE BBC NEWS: CORONA VIRUS IN INDONESIA

The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the types of presupposition implied in the BBC news of corona virus in Indonesia. In this research, the researchers used descriptive qualitative research as the research design. The research design was conducted to design is a qualitative approach in which express the outcome in words and provide an explanation of the result. In collecting the data, the researchers used the observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (1993). In analyzing data, the researchers applied pragmatic identity method and distributional method. As for the theory, the researchers used the presupposition theory proposed by Yule (1996). The types are existential, factive, non- factive, lexical, structural and the counter factual presupposition. The research was existing in the BBC news “Indonesia corona virus”. The research found the types of presupposition are existential, factive, non- factive, lexical, structural and the counter factual presupposition. The most type of presupposition which could be found is existential presupposition.

An Analysis of Presupposition Triggers in Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook Speeches in Kathryn Stockett's Novel “The Help"

Presupposition is a linguistic tool that can be used in utterances. The aim of using presupposition in utterance is to enhance the comprehension of what is being communicated. The purpose of the current study is to identify the presupposition triggers types used by two characters in Kathryn Stockett’s novel “The Help" Minny Jackson and Hilly Holbrook. Furthermore, the study aims at conducting a comparison between the two characters based on the types of presupposition triggers and the purpose they employed these triggers for. The data of the study are carefully selected scenes that involve the two characters. The scenes are anaylsed using the proposed model of Yule's (1996) and Levinson's (1983) classification of presupposition triggers. The analysis of the data reveals that the most dominant type of presupposition triggers that have been used by both of the characters is the existential presupposition triggers. The results show that this type occurred (70) times, which constitutes (69.3%) of the total used types of presupposition triggers. Moreover, it has been found that the second frequently used type of presupposition triggers is the lexical triggers with (18.75%) percentage of occurrence. The two characters have used these types in different contexts to deliver various communicative goals. In other words, the presupposition triggers are used as a linguistic tool for the characters to deliver their thoughts and to communicate more smoothly.

Presupposition on Barack Obama’s Speech at Islamic Society of Baltimore

This research aimed to find out the kinds of presupposition on Barrack Obama’s speech at Islamic Society of Baltimore. In this research, the researchers used a descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is the script in the Barrack Obama speech. Instrument of this research is observational checklist. It means that the researcher watches the video of Barrack Obama’s speech at Islamic Society of Baltimore. The video can be function to see context the utterances. The researcher finds the data on the script of Barrack Obama’s speech. The researcher provides the table of presupposition for analyzing data. Table of potential presupposition is the instrument used by researcher to put the data, to classify and to identify the data. The mostly types of presupposition found in Barrack Obama’s speech at Islamic society of Baltimore is existential presupposition and the less is lexical presupposition. The existential presupposition was the most dominant on this speech because the speeches contain more define descriptive, real fact and real information to stimulate the audience’s attention and emphasize his idea and promises to keep Muslim American feeling safe in minority. Lexical in this research is the lowest number of type’s presupposition on speeches of Barack Obama. This means that in the Barack Obama's speech there was no implied expression to confirm his opinion.

PRESUPPOSITION AND ENTAILMENT USED IN GRETA THUNBERG’S SPEECH AT UN CLIMATE ACTION SUMMIT 2019

Climate change is one of the hottest topics lately. Global emissions are reaching record levels and showing no sign of peaking. Antonio Guterres UN Secretary-General invited all leaders to join Climate Action Summit in New York, 23rd September 2019. This summit also featured the participation of business leaders, indigenous people, youth, and many others. The star of the showed Greta Thunberg a Swedish teen activist who sailed to New York for the event from Sweden on a zero-emissions sailboat. This research aimed to reveal how presupposition and entailment were used in the speech and how they were contributing to the context of the speech. The research used a descriptive qualitative method for analyzing her speech which involved document and material analysis to collect the data. The results showed that this research found out that the most commonly used presupposition is existential presupposition. The function is to emphasize, to draw attention and sympathy toward the listeners. While the most used entailment is one-way entailment. This type of entailment is commonly used to deliver the ideas through the utterance by adding some more details of the main idea. Existential presupposition and one-way entailment led to the referential function of language which aimed to send information or the speaker's idea to the audience. It can be concluded that the presuppositions of the speech must be entailed by the global context, which means the global context or common ground knowledge entails that presupposition. In a word, both presupposition and entailment hence become a strategy to make the audience become more focused in the context of the speech. Keywords: Presupposition, Entailment, Speech

PRESUPPOSITION IN THE GUARDIAN NEWS STORIES: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

This paper is a qualitative descriptive research which investigates the types of presupposition and the most used type of presupposition. The data source in this study is the utterance in The Guardian News. The method of collecting is by observation. The method of analyzing data is agih and padan method from Sudaryanto. The author uses the theory of Yule which divides presupposition types into 6 types these are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. The result of this research shows that based on Yule's theory. The researcher has 20 data in this research. There are 2 types of presupposition found in The Guardian News, they are 18 types by existential presupposition, 1 type by lexical presupposition and 1 type by counterfactual presupposition. The most used type used in this news is existential presupposition. It shows that presuppositions that assume the existence of something in sentences that indicate ownership or the existence of statements in speech are more commonly found in utterances in the Guardian news. There is nothing the use of factive presupposition, structural presupposition, and non-factive presupposition in the source of data.

PRESUPPOSITION IN KIM NAMJOON’S SPEECH AT UNITED NATION GENERAL ASSEMBLY

This research entitled ”Presupposition in Kim Nam Joon’s Speech at United Nation General Assembly. It is a descriptive analysis of speech that used types of presuppositions”. The objectives of this research are to know the types of presupposition and to find out the most dominant type of presupposition in the speech of Kim Namjun. The research method used qualitative descriptive and it is used to analyse the speech as a sample based on Guswita & Widodo's theory. They mention that six types of presupposition, there are; existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. In analyzing, the research watched the speech which lasts about six minutes, then transcribed, and analysed based on Guswita & Widodo's theory (2019). The result of this study shows that there are four types of presupposition in the speech; existential presuppositions, lexical presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and structural presupposition. With the percentage of existential is 20 or 62.05%, lexical are 9 or 28, 12%, structural are 2 or 6.25 %, and the last non-factive is just 1 or 3,12%. So, the most dominant type is commonly used in the Kim Namjun’s Speech at UNs General Assembly is existential presuppositions. Keywords: Presupposition, UN’ General Assembly, Kim Namjoon’s Speech

PRESUPPOSITION IN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST MOVIE SCRIPT

This research was intended to find out the types of presupposition in the character’s utterances of Beauty and the Beast movie script and describe the meaning of presupposition that are represented in the movie script. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, which was carried out by collecting, grouping, analyzing and interpreting the research data. The data in this research were the utterances of the characters in movie script containing presupposition. The data were collected through four steps: observation, taking note, data validation and setting them in tables. Based on the data analysis, it was found that 6 types of presupposition were used in the character’s utterances of the movie script. The most frequent type of presupposition used by the characters was existential presupposition with 26 data of 58 data found in this movie script. The second type of presupposition often used was factive presupposition with 9 data found in the data. Then, the third was lexical presupposition consisting of 8 data and the fourth was structural presupposition with the same number. The fifth type of presupposition used was non-factive presupposition with 4 data found in this research. The last type of presupposition used in this research was counter-factual presupposition with 3 data found in the movie script.

Pragmatics Analysis of Presupposition as Found in The Tagline of Horror Movie Posters

This research is about pragmatics analysis of presupposition as found in the tagline of horror movie posters. This research aimed to discover presupposition triggers and type of presupposition in the tagline of horror movie posters. In this research, the data were collected by downloading 14 taglines in horror movie posters. Then, the data downloaded were divided according to the presupposition triggers and the types of presuppositions. The data were analyzed using two theories, presupposition triggers by Kartunnen (1973) and Yule’s presupposition types (1996). The result of the analysis shows an argument and a table. The results show that from 42 presupposition triggers found in the tagline of horror movie posters, definite descriptions are the most dominant presupposition triggers. Other presupposition triggers are the change of state verbs, factive verb, and counterfactual conditional. Meanwhile, out of 6 types of presuppositions, there are only four types of presuppositions found in the tagline of horror movie posters: existential presupposition, lexical presupposition, factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.

An Analysis of Police Interrogation from the Perspective of Presupposition: A Case Study of Jodi Arias Case

Nowadays, as crimes have become increasingly complicated, it is difficult for interrogators to find out all the criminal facts before interrogation, so that interrogation becomes a significant process to clear up some facts and prove whether the interrogated is guilty or not. However, some criminals always conceal the criminal facts and resist interrogation. This difficulty decides that interrogators need some interrogatory skills to elicit some criminal facts from the suspect. Presupposition is one of the interrogatory skills frequently used by interrogators so that it is very necessary to study interrogatory language from the perspective of presupposition. However, the literature review indicates that few research studies police interrogation from the perspective of presupposition. Therefore, this paper is to apply presupposition theory classified by Yule (2000) to analyze interrogatory language in Jodi Arias case. Specifically, it is to analyze how interrogators make use of presuppositions to elicit more information and explore the functions of presuppositions in investigatory interrogation. In order to address the problem, this paper employs both quantitative and qualitative method to analyze police interrogation in Jodi Arias case. The results show that there are five types of presuppositions identified in the selected data, that is, existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, counter-factual presupposition, and their frequency varies from each other. Secondly, presupposition enables the interrogatory language to be more concise and euphemistic and presupposition help the interrogators increase the pervasive effect and presupposition can help set a trap for the suspect to admit his or her guilt. This study will enlarge the application scope of presupposition and even linguistics and help interrogator employ presupposition into interrogation and improve their interrogation skills.

PRESUPPOSITION OF PRESIDENT ERDOGAN’S MESSAGE IN HUMAN RIGHTS DAY ON DECEMBER 10, 2018

Communication will be impossible if everything had to be defined or explained every time we spoke. Whatever a speaker or writer assume that the receiver of the message already knows is called presupposition. This research analyzed about presupposition of message Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as President of The Republic of Turkey on Human Rights Day, December 10, 2018. The aims of this research are to find out the types of presupposition and identify the most dominant type of presupposition that used by Erdogan. Classification about types of presupposition by Yule (1996) as cited in Tryana & Satelah (2018) used in this research. The researchers analyzed the data with some steps applying the qualitative method, the researchers identifying the scripts of the speech, classifying the utterances into presupposition and categorizing them based on the types of presupposition. After that, counting the types of presupposition in percentage. As the result, The existential presupposition is the dominant type in Erdogan’s speech with the percentage 56,67% and followed by lexical and factive in the second and third position. Keywords: Presupposition, Types of Presupposition, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan