scholarly journals Salicylic acid and thiourea ameliorate the negative impact of salt stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings by up-regulating photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, and antioxidant defense system

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Sumaiya Farzana ◽  
Md. Rasel ◽  
Md. Tahjib Ul Arif ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Golam Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress inhibiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and development. Therefore, finding efficient strategies to prevent salt-induced growth retardation and yield loss is critical for modern agriculture to sustain production. The role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and thiourea (TU) in regulating salt tolerance was investigated by evaluating morpho-physiological characteristics and antioxidant response in two wheat genotypes at the seedling stage. In both wheat genotypes, salt stress reduced growth characteristics and leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, while simultaneously increasing the Na+/K+ ratio, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, exogenous application of SA and/or TU alone in the salt-stressed plants significantly reduced the negative effects of salt stress and improved the growth performance by up-regulating photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, and proline content in both genotypes. Besides, when compared to seedlings treated only with salt stress, SA and TU played an important role in maintaining lower Na+/K+ levels and reducing oxidative stress by lowering MDA and H2O2 levels in salt-stressed plants through boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase. In addition, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed a significant interaction among growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and antioxidant activity with the salt, SA, and/or TU treatments. The findings suggested that exogenous application of SA or TU could be a useful technique for reducing the negative effects of salinity on wheat growth and development.

Excised-leaf water status evaluation and associations in field-grown winter wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Haley ◽  
J. S. Quick ◽  
J. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Selection For

Water status measurements of excised leaves have been proposed as screening criteria for drought resistance in cereal crops. This study was conducted to assess the utility of such measurements in a wheat breeding program, through evaluation of environment and genotype differences in excised-leaf water status and examination of associations with several other traits. Initial water content (IWC) and rate of water loss (RWL) of excised leaves, epicuticular wax content (EW), stomatal frequency (SF), flag leaf area (LA), plant height (HT), heading date (HD), grain yield (GY), and test weight (TW) were measured on 24 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown near Fort Collins, CO, during 1986–1987 and 1987–1988 (F87 and F88, respectively: subirrigated environments) and near Bennett, CO, during 1987–1988 (B88: dryland environment). Differences among genotypes for IWC and RWL were significant for F87 and F88, and nonsignificant for B88. Combined analyses of variance showed significant differences among environments for IWC and RWL. Initial water content was less for B88 than for F87 and F88. Significant genotype × environment (G × E) effects for IWC and RWL suggested that selection for high IWC or low RWL in irrigated environments (F87 and F88) may not provide selections that respond similarly in dryland environments (B88). Correlations for B88 revealed only a small, positive correlation between IWC and GY (r = 0.49*). For F87 and F88, significant correlations were observed between IWC and SF (r = −0.57** and −0.78**), RWL and LA (r = 0.74** and 0.71**), RWL and HT (r = 0.63** and 0.57**), and RWL and HD (r = 0.71** and 0.57**). Neither IWC or RWL were correlated with EW in any environment. Correlations between RWL (subirrigated) and G Y and TW (dryland) suggested that selection for low RWL in irrigated environments could provide some GY or TW advantage in dryland environments, despite observed G × E interaction and lack of RWL differences under the dryland environment. Key words: Cuticular transpiration, Triticum aestivum L., leaf water loss, stomata, drought

scholarly journals Mitigation of Cadmium Induced Oxidative Stress by Using Organic Amendments to Improve the Growth and Yield of Mash Beans [Vigna mungo (L.)]

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Chattha ◽  
Warda Arif ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Walid Soufan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Cadmium (Cd) stress is a serious environmental hazard that has devastating impacts on plant growth and productivity. Moreover, the entrance of Cd into the human food chain by eating Cd-contaminated food also poses serious health issues. Organic amendments (OA) possess an excellent potential to reduce the adverse impacts of Cd stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential of different OA in improving the mash beans growth and yield grown under Cd-contaminated soil. The soil was spiked with different concentrations of Cd (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and subjected to different OA, i.e., control, cow manure (5%), sugarcane press mud (5%) and a combination of cow manure (2.5%) and sugarcane press mud (2.5%). Results indicated that Cd stress induced a significant reduction in growth and yield traits, leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, protein accumulation and anti-oxidant activities. However, the application of OA appreciably reduced the Cd-induced toxic effects and caused a significant increase in growth and yield. The application of 5% sugarcane press mud remained the top performer and it increased the mash bean growth and yield through improved photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status (56%) and reduced Cd uptake (18%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production (38.52%), electrolyte leakage (EL) (42.13%) malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (55.88%) and increased accumulation of soluble protein (60.15%) and free amino acids (54%) through improved activities of anti-oxidant enzymes. Therefore, these findings suggested that the application of sugarcane press mud enhanced the growth and yield through reduced Cd accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, protein and amino accumulation and reduced H2O2, EL and MDA accumulation through a stronger anti-oxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic maize overexpressingAtLOS5mediated root ion fluxes and leaf water status under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Haiyue Yu ◽  
Yushi Zhang ◽  
Yubing Wang ◽  
Maoying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Lupins and Wheat. III. Abscisic Acid and Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE Henson ◽  
CR Jensen ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stomatal Response ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Changes in the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in glasshouse experiments during stomatal closure induced by drought in leaves of lupin (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. cv. Eregulla) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvv. Gamenya and Warigal), species which differ in stomatal sensitivity to changes in leaf water potential. Increases in bulk leaf ABA concentration were closely correlated with decreases in leaf conductance in both species. In lupin, substantial increases in ABA and decreases in conductance occurred over a very narrow range of leaf water potential. ABA concentrations in wheat leaves were highly negatively correlated with bulk leaf turgor, but there was no significant relationship between ABA and turgor in lupin. However, ABA accumulated progressively in the leaves of both species as soil water content decreased. Stomatal closure in lupin could be induced by supplying exogenous ABA to detached leaves via the transpiration stream at concentrations of 10-4 to 10-2 mol m-3 of (+)-ABA. Abaxial stomata closed more readily than those on the adaxial surface in response to both drought and applied ABA. Stomatal response to ABA was not affected by the presence of the cytokinin zeatin, and zeatin by itself had no effect on conductance. When treatments designed to reduce endogenous cytokinin concentrations were imposed (prolonged leaf detachment or prior drought), stomatal response to low concentrations of ABA was enhanced. However, such treatments did not significantly change the stomatal response to high ABA concentrations, nor affect the stomatal conductance of leaves supplied with water alone. It is concluded that drought-induced stomatal closure could be mediated by ABA in both wheat and lupin, despite the initially small change in leaf water status in the latter species.

scholarly journals Silicon-induced Salinity Tolerance Improves Photosynthesis, Leaf Water Status, Membrane Stability, and Growth in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1820-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Altuntas ◽  
H. Yildiz Dasgan ◽  
Yelderem Akhoundnejad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Salt stress is a major problem worldwide because it decreases yields of many important agricultural crops. Silicon is the second-most abundant element in soil and has numerous beneficial effects on plants, particularly in alleviating stress-related impacts. Pepper is an important crop in the Mediterranean region, but pepper varieties differ in their salinity tolerances. The objective of this research was to test the ability of silicon to mitigate effects of salt stress in both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars. Salt damage was evaluated by measuring biomass, photosynthetic-related variables, leaf water potential, and membrane damage. We found that the addition of silicon solute to a growth medium was highly effective in improving plant growth by enhancing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (gS), leaf water status, and membrane stability, which in turn led to higher biomass production in salt-stressed pepper plants, especially in a salt-sensitive cultivar. From an agronomic viewpoint, application of Si may provide economically relevant productivity improvements for salt-sensitive pepper genotypes grown under moderate salinity conditions and for salt-tolerant genotype grown under higher-salinity conditions.

Employment of artificial neural networks for non-invasive estimation of leaf water status using color features: a case study in Spathiphyllum wallisii

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Soodabeh Fatahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural

Visual estimation of plant water status in cereals

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Breeding Programmes

SummaryThe potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.

scholarly journals Ethylene reduces glucose sensitivity and reverses photosynthetic repression through optimization of glutathione production in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
M. Iqbal R. Khan ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Md. Tabish Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Stressful Environments

AbstractEthylene plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle of plants under optimal and stressful environments. The present study reports the involvement of exogenously sourced ethylene (as ethephon; 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in the protection of the photosynthetic activity from glucose (Glu) sensitivity through its influence on the antioxidant system for adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under salt stress. Ten-day-old plants were subjected to control and 100 mM NaCl and treated with 200 µl L−1 ethephon on foliage at 20 days after seed sowing individually or in combination with 6% Glu. Plants receiving ethylene exhibited higher growth and photosynthesis through reduced Glu sensitivity in the presence of salt stress. Moreover, ethylene-induced reduced glutathione (GSH) production resulted in increased psbA and psbB expression to protect PSII activity and photosynthesis under salt stress. The use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, substantiated the involvement of ethylene-induced GSH in the reversal of Glu-mediated photosynthetic repression in salt-stressed plants. It was suggested that ethylene increased the utilization of Glu under salt stress through its influence on photosynthetic potential and sink strength and reduced the Glu-mediated repression of photosynthesis.

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