scholarly journals Characterization of different types of petroleum refinery spent catalyst followed by microbial mediated leaching of metal values

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Neha Nagar ◽  
◽  
Himanshi Garg ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Gahan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spent Catalysts

The present study aims for characterization and classification of five different spent petroleum refinery catalysts followed by metal recovery via bioleaching. The nomenclature given to the different spent catalyst (SC) is SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5 collected from an Indian petroleum refinery. All spent catalysts were crushed and ground prior to their characterization by X-Ray Fluorescence for chemical composition followed by X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy for their mineralogy. Further, all five spent catalysts were classified based upon their chemical composition and mineralogy. Metal recovery from the spent catalysts was carried out by bioleaching by a mixed microbial consortium of iron and Sulphur oxidizing microorganisms. Most of the spent catalysts showed very significant metal recovery with respect to Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, Zn, Sr and Ti. The study provides a possible metal recovery route via bioleaching for further testing and scaling up.

Characterization of a Granite Waste for Clay Ceramic Addition

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Costalonga Aguiar ◽  
Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli ◽  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Different Types

Wastes generated by processing ornamental stones are an increasing environmental problem in Brazil. Recycling alternatives are being investigated for the different types of wastes. The addition into clay ceramic is a possibility as long as the stone waste presents compatible characteristics. Therefore the objective of this work was to characterize a waste obtained from the sawing operation of granite by a steel multi-wire equipment as well as to evaluate its effect on the plasticity of clayey formulations. This characterization was performed in terms of chemical composition, X-ray diffraction and particle size distribution. The results indicated not only similar chemical and physical aspects but also a potential for addition into clay bodies of Campos dos Goytacazes in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by the adjustment of the excessive plasticity of the clay.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Clay Polymer Nanocomposites of P(4VP-co-AAm) and Their Application for the Removal of Atrazine

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ramírez-Gómez ◽  
Javier Illescas ◽  
María del Carmen Díaz-Nava ◽  
Claudia Muro-Urista ◽  
Sonia Martínez-Gallegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthesized Materials

Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide which is applied to the soil, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of photosynthesis. One of its main functions is to control the appearance of weeds in crops, primarily in corn, sorghum, sugar cane, and wheat; however, it is very toxic for numerous species, including humans. Therefore, this work deals with the adsorption of ATZ from aqueous solutions using nanocomposite materials, synthesized with two different types of organo-modified clays. Those were obtained by the free radical polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and acrylamide (AAm) in different stoichiometric ratios, using tetrabutylphosphonium persulfate (TBPPS) as a radical initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as cross-linking agent. The structural, morphological, and textural characteristics of clays, copolymers, and nanocomposites were determined through different analytical and instrumental techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Adsorption kinetics experiments of ATZ were determined with the modified and synthesized materials, and the effect of the ratio between 4VP and AAm moieties on the removal capacities of the obtained nanocomposites was evaluated. Finally, from these sets of experiments, it was demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites with higher molar fractions of 4VP obtained the highest removal percentages of ATZ.

Growth Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of a Hard Boron Coating on a Tool Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
I. Hilerio Cruz ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Classification

The mechanical characteristics are determined to a FeB/Fe2B coating applied in AISI L6 steel tool and blades make to cut paper. The thermochemical treatment was applied at temperatures of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K with permanence time of 0.5, 2 and 3 h for each temperature. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy for each phase is obtained for this boron coating on an AISI L6 steel. HRC test were made to establish the type of adherence (qualitative) and comparing with the VDI 3198 standard and the results were obtaining optimal classification of HF1-HF2 in condition for 3h of the three temperatures. The result by nanoidentation show hardness of 1000 - 2000 HV as well as the Young's modulus for each present phase of the coating. Through micrographs (SEM) are showing thicknesses up to 79.52 ± 18.82 μm for FeB and 97.80 ± 20.01μm for Fe2B, a morphology sawn ́s type is evidence. Through EDS and x-ray diffraction are used to show the chemical elements formed.

scholarly journals CALCIUM OXIDE CHARACTERISTICS PREPARED FROM AMBUNTEN’S CALCINED LIMESTONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimatul Munawaroh ◽  
Laila Khamsatul Muharrami ◽  
Triwikantoro Triwikantoro ◽  
Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Characteristics

<pre>Calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are widely used in industry. CaO and CaCO3 can be synthesized or derived from limestone. The purpose of this study to determine the characteristics of CaO calcined limestone from Ambunten Sumenep. Lime in calcined at 850 ° C for 6 hours. Characterization of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was conducted to determine the chemical composition of limestone, X-ray diffraction test (XRD) to find the lime crystalline phase and FTIR test to determine the absorption of wave number. XRF test results showed that the limestone chemical composition consisted of Ca of 95.37% as the dominant element, Mg of 4.1%, Fe 0.17% and Y by 0.39%. The XRD test results showed that the limestone crystal phase is ankerite (Ca [Fe, Mg] [CO3] 2) and after the calcined phase calcination is vaterite (Ca [OH] 2), calcite (CaO) and calcite (CaCO3). While the FTIR test results show that the CaO spectra are seen at 3741.24, 1417.12 and 874.14 cm</pre><sup>-1</sup><pre>.</pre>

Protein bodies in umbelliferous seeds. III. Characterization of calcium-rich crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Spitzer ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Daucus Carota L

The chemical composition of the calcium-rich crystal inclusions present in the seed protein bodies of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Imperator 408), wild carrot (Daucus carota L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), celery (Apium graveolens L. cv. Tall Utah), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L. cv. Hollow Crown), parsley (Petroselinum sativum L. cv. Moss Curled), and chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium L. cv. Curled) was determined. Using a variety of methods including X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, microincineration, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, solubility studies, and staining, the chemical composition of the calcium-rich crystal inclusions was identified as calcium oxalate.

Growth and characterization of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oxsingle crystals

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyan Chu ◽  
Michael E. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Impurity Phase ◽  
Squid Magnetometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
Relative Fraction ◽  
X Ray

(Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) single crystals have been grown using a fused-salt reaction of Bi2O3, PbO, SrCl2, CaCl2, CuCl, and KNO3 in a KCl flux. The pristine crystals show regular plate-like morphology with typical dimension of 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.001–0.01 mm3. Crystal orientation, chemical composition, phase purity, and superconductivity of the pristine crystals were determined by SEM, TEM, EDX, x-ray diffraction techniques, and SQUID magnetometry. The relative fraction of the Bi-2223 phase (Tc = 110 K) in as-grown crystals is ~97%. The only impurity phase, Bi-2212, occurs in some selected crystals but is present in amounts less than the detection limit of x-ray diffraction and is unobserved in the diamagnetic signal determined by SQUID magnetometry.

Characterization of Metallic Zirconium Sponge

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 700-705
Author(s):  
Sergio Ciampolini Nogueira de Lima ◽  
Edson Pereira Soares ◽  
Marco Andreoli ◽  
Rubens Chiba ◽  
Emília Satoshi Miyamaru Seo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Element ◽  
Chemical Purity

When used commercially, the zirconium alloys are utilized in the shape of tubes to encapsulate the UO2 pellets in the PWR and BWR Power reactors. The metallic zirconium is an essential metallic element for the types of alloys in which the obtainment route rests in the ore opening for the production of zirconium oxide followed by the processes of pelletizing, chlorination, purification, reduction and distillation. Through the technique of X-Ray Diffraction the present phases were identified. Using the Fluorescence of an X ray it was possible to determined the chemical composition of the zirconium sponge. The mechanical properties of Vickers microhardness were obtained using a microdurometer. As a result, it was established that it is possible to define a methodology for the preparation of a sample of metallic zirconium for the microstructure analysis, as well as that its chemical purity is 97,265% linked to the microhardness of approximately 51 HV.

Characterization of Granite Waste for Incorporation in Red Ceramic

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particles Size Distribution ◽  
Granite Powder ◽  
Alkaline Oxides

This work had as its objective the characterization of a granite powder waste from sawing operations with a view to its incorporation in red ceramic. The granite waste came from the municipal area of Santo Antônio de Pádua, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The characterization was performed in terms of chemical composition, particles size distribution, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). The results indicate that the granite waste presents favorable characteristics for incorporation in red ceramic compositions due to its fine granulometry as well as a considerable fluxing potential related to its high amount of alkaline oxides.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Different Types of Plastics Wastes Using X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Shawbo A. Abubaker ◽  
Faten A. Chaqmaqchee ◽  
Akram H. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Identification And Characterization

In this study, different types of polymers in postconsumer plastics with pure plastics have been studied. Highdensity polyethylene (HDPE1 and HDPE2), polyvinyl chloride (PVC3 and PVC4), polyethylene terephthalate (PET5 and PET6), and polypropylenes (PP7 and PP8) were compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. XRF has shown the spectral in K-lines of polymer materials present in plastics waste. The peak intensity and degree of crystallinity of commercial polymers are varied using XRD analysis. The intensity not attributable to the crystalline peaks may be regarded as the amorphous scattering and used as a template in analyzing the diffraction pattern of the samples. The XRD analysis helps to provide characteristic spectral lines whose intensities vary with the type of each constituent polymer. The combined usage of XRD and XRF techniques yielded very useful and effective results for a commercial plastic management.

scholarly journals Characterisation of recycled ceramic mortars for use in prefabricated beam-filling pieces in structural floors

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (334) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
P. Rubio de Hita ◽  
F. Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
M. J. Morales-Conde ◽  
M. A. Pedreño-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

This study analyses a procedure to manufacture mortars with different percentages of ceramic waste as partial replacement for aggregates. The study also examines the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the new mortars, analysing substitution ratios that range from 10% to 50%. Prior to this, all the materials used in the production of the mortar were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF). The objective was to determine the similarity between different types of ceramic waste, as well as the differences in the minerology and chemical composition with the aggregate. The results of the study show that it is possible to obtain mortars with lower densities compared to the same product with no recycled content. The product’s characteristics make it ideal for the manufacture of prefabricated components for structural floors for rehabilitation works. Finally, the pieces are used in a real rehabilitation case study, highlightining the structural advantages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document