scholarly journals Relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): a review of topic

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Cristian Herrera ◽  
Jonathan Arcos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Attachment Level

Several clinical studies had investigated the possible relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some studies prove an epidemiological association between PD and CVD, that from the biological viewpoint may be linked to both chronic inflammation triggered by microbes and persistent microbial infection by periodontal pathogens. In that sense, individuals presenting deep periodontal pockets without periodontal treatment, increased number of missing teeth and other periodontal markers like clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing, seem to be important risk factors markers for cardiovascular disease. Both, EP and cerebrovascular diseases are frequent, and those association is important in Public Health setting. EP and CVD share risk factors such as age, tobacco, stress, socioeconomic status and fat metabolism, so that the chances of introducing confusion into the studies is high. Few population studies have examined the effect of periodontal treatment on the risk of developing cardiovascular events (either primary or secondary prevention), however, it must be noted that the evidence in human studies suggest a possible beneficial effect of periodontal treatment of cardiovascular function index. In this paper, we review the literature that enables the general dentist and specialist an approach to this problem and better understanding of this phenomenon to patient benefit.

scholarly journals Aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos e tratamento periodontal em pacientes fumantes portadores de doença periodontal crônica: revisão da literatura

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alessandra Da C. Galhardo Camargo ◽  
Mariana Gouvea Latini Abreu ◽  
Renata Dos Santos ◽  
Marcio Alves Crespo ◽  
Leticia De Faria Wenderoscky
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Attachment Level

Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate, through literature review, clinical aspects (plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level) and microbiological (qualitative and quantitative presence of periodontal pathogens) in smokers patients and the response to periodontal therapy. Material and Methods: it was selected scientific articles published between the years 1978 and 2014. We were selected scientific articles from MEDLINE, PUBMED and LILACS databases. Results: there are controversies between tobacco and clinical and microbiological parameters. Conclusion: based on the evaluated studies we can conclude that there are significant clinical and microbiological differences in smoking patients and impaired response to periodontal therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of hyperlipidemia on response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy: Statin users versus nonusers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 069-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Sangwan ◽  
Shikha Tewari ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Rajinder Kumar Sharma ◽  
Satish Chander Narula
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Nonpharmacological Therapy ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Attachment Level

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy among hyperlipidemic subjects and whether statin use by hyperlipidemic subjects influences the response. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 107 chronic periodontitis subjects (35 normolipidemic [NL] controls, 36 hyperlipidemics on nonpharmacological therapy and 36 hyperlipidemics on statins). Periodontal (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and biochemical (plasma triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-DL-C [HDL-C] levels) examination was done at baseline and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Results: Both the NL and statin groups exhibited significantly greater improvement in GI as compared to the hyperlipidemic group on nonpharmacological therapy (P = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively). Mean change in PD correlated negatively with baseline TC (r = −0.306) and LDL-C (r = −0.360) while mean change in GI positively correlated with baseline HDL-C (r = 0.219). Regression analyses revealed that mean change in PD was negatively associated with LDL-C (β = −0.358, P < 0.001) while mean change in GI was positively associated with HDL-C (β = 0.219, P = 0.023). Conclusions: While higher baseline lipid levels were somewhat detrimental to the resolution of inflammation postperiodontal treatment, the inclusion of statin therapy among hyperlipidemic subjects seemed to improve clinical response as compared to those devoid of the drug. The findings of the study are suggestive of a possible adjunctive role of statins in periodontal treatment that warrants future studies.

scholarly journals Association Between Periodontal Disease and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraedon Zardawi ◽  
Sarhang Gul ◽  
Ali Abdulkareem ◽  
Aram Sha ◽  
Julian Yates
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is an inflammatory disease of the coronary arteries associated with atheroma formation, which can cause disability and often death. Periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humans affecting 740 million people worldwide. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on the effect of periodontal disease (PD) on cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review was to investigate the association between these two diseases. PD is a potential risk factor that may initiate the development, maturation, and instability of atheroma in the arteries. Two mechanisms were proposed to explain such association, either periodontal pathogens directly invade bloodstream or indirectly by increasing systemic level of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, it has been suggested that improvement in the condition of one disease positively impact the condition of the other one. Highlighting the association between these two diseases, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of PD and its impact on cardiovascular status may be of great value in reducing the complications associated with ACVDs. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with longer follow up are necessary to confirm the causal relationship between PD and ACVDs.

scholarly journals Assessment of the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disorders: a questionnaire-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Ionel ◽  
Ondine Lucaciu ◽  
Cosmina Bondor ◽  
Minodora Moga ◽  
Aranka Ilea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Smoking Duration

Background and aims. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. There is an increasing evidence that periodontitis is associated with a number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between periodontitis and certain systemic diseases by identifying their risk factors in a population from North-West Romania.Methods. A questionnaire-based study was conducted on participants ≥45 years of age in 4 dentistry or family medicine practices from the Cluj and Bihor counties, Romania, over a time frame spanning two months. The interviewer-administered questionnaire included 42 items assessing risk factors for periodontal and cardiovascular disease, current diagnostic and medical treatment of the participants, their diet and oral hygiene habits.Results. Of 108 participants included in the study, 63 (58.3%) declared a previous diagnosis of periodontitis. A significant difference was observed between the participants with declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD+) and participants without declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD-) for fresh fruit consumption (p=0.01) and increased sport activity (p=0.009). A significant difference between groups was observed in the case of smoking duration (p=0.047), participants with >10 years of smoking were more likely to declare a diagnosis of periodontitis. Also, PD+ participants were more likely to have a family history of periodontal disease (p<0.001). Multivariate analyses suggested periodontitis as a predictive variable for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease with an OR of 4.85 (95% confidence interval 1.01–23.29, p=0.049).Conclusion. Our study found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and a known family history of periodontal disorders and smoking duration. Daily intake of fresh fruit and increased sport activities were found to be protective factors against periodontal disease, while periodontitis was found as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Systemic use of metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study using clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Alonso Vergani ◽  
Emílio Barbosa e Silva ◽  
Adriana Helena Vinholis ◽  
Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Systemic Metronidazole

The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I - 22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II - 30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III - 31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease.

scholarly journals The Bi-Directional Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Hyperlipidemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Fentoglu ◽  
F. Yesim Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed for several decades that infections may be responsible for the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. The initiation of the atherosclerotic plaque is ascribed to focal accumulation of lipids. This explains the importance of plasma lipids in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent reports point towards a possible association between periodontal disease and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Thus, periodontitis and cardiovascular disease may share common risk factors, and association between periodontitis and coronary heart disease may be due to the elevated levels of plasma lipids. Epidemiological and clinical studies have also suggested that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and impaired lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarized the potential link mechanisms in the association between periodontal infection and serum lipids. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:142-149)

Are Teeth Close to the Cleft More Susceptible to Periodontal Disease?

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida ◽  
Marly Kimie Sonohara Gonzalez ◽  
Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi ◽  
Paulo César Rodrigues Conti ◽  
Luiz Fernando Pegoraro
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attachment Level

Objective: To evaluate whether teeth close to the cleft area present higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than teeth in other regions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo. Patients: There were 400 individuals with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 49 years, without any previous periodontal treatment. Main Outcome Measures: All clinical parameters were evaluated in six sites for each tooth. The arithmetic means were calculated for each sextant. Results: Of the sextants, 86.75% presented means of probing depth smaller than or equal to 3 mm. No sextant exhibited means of probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .001) in probing depth according to age, types of cleft, and sextant; 95.87% of sextants presented mean attachment levels smaller than or equal to 3 mm. The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. There was gingival bleeding in 99.08% of the sample and plaque in 97.40%. The type of cleft was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Age seems to be an important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease for all aspects investigated. Conclusions: Periodontal disease in individuals with clefts occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of the cleft does not seem to increase the prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals Treatment of periodontal disease with guided tissue regeneration technique using a hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone membrane

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M.A. Martins ◽  
F.L. Valente ◽  
E.C.C. Reis ◽  
R.V. Sepúlveda ◽  
A.P.L. Perdigão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Attachment Level

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a malleable membrane composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and polycaprolactone (40%) as treatment of periodontal disease experimentally induced in dogs. A bone defect of standardized dimensions was created between the roots of the third and fourth premolar of 12 dogs for periodontal disease induction. Six dogs had the defect covered by the membrane and six dogs received only standard treatment for periodontal disease, also applied to dogs in the treated group. The animals were clinically monitored during the experiment. Radiographs were taken after surgery and at 60 days after treatment initiation. Clinical attachment level was also assessed in those moments. On the 60th day, dental sample of all animals, containing tooth, defect and periodontal tissues, were harvested, fixed in formalin and analyzed by microtomography and histology. During the experimental period, the animals showed no pain and purulent discharge, however, there was dehiscence in 50% of animals and membrane exposure in five out of six animals in the treated group. Clinical attachment level showed no difference between groups. Radiographs showed radiopacity equal to the alveolar bone in both groups. The microtomography revealed that the control group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the treated group; however, the furcation was not filled by new alveolar bone in any animal. Histological analysis revealed that junctional epithelium invasion was lighter in the control group. New bone was only observed in the apical edge of the defect in both groups. Although the composite is biocompatible and able to keep the space of the defect, it did not promote periodontal tissue regeneration within 60 days of observation.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaMixed Microbial Infection in a Rat Model of Periodontal Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj K. Verma ◽  
Sunethra Rajapakse ◽  
Archana Meka ◽  
Clayton Hamrick ◽  
Sheela Pola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaare periodontal pathogens that express virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this paper we tested the hypothesis thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaare synergistic in terms of virulence; using a model of mixed microbial infection in rats. Groups of rats were orally infected with eitherP. gingivalisorT. denticolaor mixed microbial infections for 7 and 12 weeks.P. gingivalisgenomic DNA was detected more frequently by PCR thanT. denticola. Both bacteria induced significantly high IgG, IgG2b, IgG1, IgG2a antibody levels indicating a stimulation of Th1 and Th2 immune response. Radiographic and morphometric measurements demonstrated that rats infected with the mixed infection exhibited significantly more alveolar bone loss than shaminfected control rats. Histology revealed apical migration of junctional epithelium, rete ridge elongation, and crestal alveolar bone resorption; resembling periodontal disease lesion. These results showed thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaexhibit no synergistic virulence in a rat model of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Treatment of periodontal disease using xanthan based chlorhexidine gel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Kumar Manish ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

People of all ages are suffering from periodontal disease. It causes indirect damage in the oral cavity. It is of interest to evaluate the efficacy of xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel (Xan-CHX) in patients with mild-severe chronic periodontitis. Five patients with 60 sites were divided in two groups. Group A (treated with SRP) and group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL). The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL) with sub gingival plaque subjected to microbial analysis. Significant reduction was observed in both groups. However, group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL) showed statistically significant improvement on above mentioned parameters as compared to group A. Data suggest that in the treatment of periodontal disease (viz. PI, GI, BI and CAL) combination of SRP and Chlosite showed added benefits over only SRP.

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