scholarly journals La migración del campo a las ciudades. La pobreza y la exclusión social de los pobladores de la colonia Miguel Alemán en Xalapa, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Teajan Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The People ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Over Time

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza la migración rural-urbana, en particular el caso de los habitantes que llegaron a fundar la Colonia Miguel Alemán en la ciudad de Xalapa. Se hace una descripción de la situación del campo en México y en Veracruz para poder entender el continuo éxodo de campesinos a los centros urbanos. Respecto a los campesinos que llegaron a la colonia, ellos han experimentado condiciones de pobreza extrema y de exclusión social. Para subsistir se han tenido que incorporar a la organización vecinal y con el tiempo esta gestión incide para mejor sus condiciones de vida. Por otra parte, se explica cómo los colonos han ido desarrollando competencias culturales producto de un proceso de hibridación cultural entre las pautas de la sociedad rural tradicional con la cultura urbana a la que se han adaptado. Abstract: This paper analyzes the rural-urban migration, in the special case of the people who founded the Miguel Aleman neighborhood in Xalapa. A description is made of the rural situation in Mexico and in Veracruz, in order to understand the continuing emigration of peasants to urban centers in Mexico. Regarding the peasants who came to this specific neighborhood, they have experienced extreme poverty and social exclusion in relation to housing, education, health services and employment. Because of this, to survive, they have had to join a neighbour organization and through its aid over time, they have improved their living conditions. In addition to this, there is a description of how the recent migrants have been developing cultural competences because of a hybridization process between the patterns of the traditional- rural- social guidelines of their place of origin and the urban culture to which they have adapted.

scholarly journals Difficulties of Soviet Urbanization and Construction of the “Socialist City” in the Multicultural Periphery: Kazan in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-240
Author(s):  
T.M. Bohn ◽  
◽  
S.Yu. Malysheva ◽  
A.A. Salnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
City Construction

Based on the example of Kazan in the 1920s, the difficulties and problems of implementing the Soviet policy of urbanization and “socialist city” construction in cities with a nationally and religiously heterogeneous population are shown. This policy and the related processes of rural-urban migration, “indigenization”, “apartment redistribution”, and development of the urban outskirts at the expense of the former “bourgeois” center destroyed, deliberately and purposefully, the urban culture that had previously prevailed here and changed the social and national composition of the urban population. Therefore, they can be regarded as the tools of “positive discrimination”. The “positive discrimination” of the formerly dominant urban Russian culture in favor of the developing Tatar culture, mostly in its rural variant, manifested itself very clearly in education, namely in the content and design of the Soviet Tatar alphabet (alifba). However, the practice of granting preferences to the previously discriminated strata turned out to be short-term, tooled for the tasks of immediate strengthening of the social base of the Soviet power, and designed to destroy the former society and culture. These practices of dealing with multiculturalism became less popular by the late 1920s–early 1930s, as the Bolshevik power stabilized and “state-oriented” and unifying tendencies in the power policy increased.

Data Sources and Issues in Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Flow ◽  
Previous Location

This chapter details the data sources deployed and the approaches to deriving measures from them. National definitions of urban settlements vary but are demonstrated to match satellite imagery surprisingly well. Most selected sources ask if the place of origin was rural or urban, though in several censuses this is imputed on the nature of the location of origin, rejecting instances where locations prove too diverse; significant contrasts are not found between the two approaches. Those sources that ask place of birth show significantly lower lifetime migration from urban to rural areas than those reporting only location during childhood; their rural-urban migration propensities do not differ. Measures of migrant flow rates, return migration, and other temporary moves require interim location information. Sources reporting the previous location and duration of residence prove more useful than those asking location five years before. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected.

scholarly journals Then Effects of rural-urban migration on economic status of rural residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Thiengtham Keopasith ◽  
Shen Neng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.

scholarly journals Access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services among street children in Uganda: Does Migration matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulekya Francis Bwambale ◽  
Paul Bukuluki ◽  
Cheryl A. Moyer ◽  
Bart H.W Van den Borne
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The City

Abstract Background While the nexus of migration and health outcomes is well acknowledged, the effect of rural-urban migration on uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services has received less attention. We assessed the effect of rural-rural urban migration on uptake of SRH services and whether there is a difference in uptake of SRH services among migrant and non-migrant street children. Methods Data were collected among 513 street children aged 12-24 years using face‐to‐face interviews. Participants were recruited by venue-based time-space sampling (VBTS). Using STATA 16.00, we performed multivariate binary logistic regression to identify correlates of SRH service uptake with migration status as the main predictor while controlling for confounding. In this study, migrants are defined as children who had moved to settle in the city for at least 24 months preceding the survey. Results Overall, two-thirds (66.82%) of children had moved to the city in the last 2 years, 20% in the last 3-5 years and 13.18% in 6 years or longer. Only 18.13% of the street children had ever used contraception/family planning, 45.89% had ever tested for HIV and knew their status while 34.70% had ever been screened for sexually transmitted infections. Multivariate analysis shows that migrant street children had reduced odds of using sexual and reproductive health services (HIV testing, use of contraception and screening for STIs) compared to the lifelong native street children (aOR=0.59, 95%CI 0.36- 0.97). Other factors associated with use of SRH services among street children include age (aOR=4.51; 95%CI 2.78-7.33), schooling status (aOR=0.34; 95%CI -1.830 0.15-0.76), knowledge of place of care (OR=3.37,95%CI 2.04-5.34) and access to SRH education information (aOR=2.7, 95%CI 1.67- 4.53). Conclusion Rural-urban migration is associated with low SRH service uptake. Access to and use of SRH services among migrant street children is low compared to non-migrant street children. Our findings point to the need for urban health systems to design effective interventions to improve equitable access to and use of quality SRH services among street children while taking into consideration their migration patterns.

scholarly journals La fiction urbaine contemporaine swahilie : quelques pistes

2013 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Sheila Ali Ryanga ◽  
Rachel Wangari Maina
Keyword(s):  
Bertolt Brecht ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Kenyan literary writers in Swahili soon after independence dwelt mostly with rural setting. Most of the works dwelt on African social values and philosophy within work ethics and relationships. However, with the growth of industries in urban centers, the issue of rural urban migration arose. Many educated Kenyans moved to urban centers in search of jobs. To mirror this change in society, literary writers enriched their works by using both the rural and urban settings. This became a constant feature in the works of literary writers in Swahili. Some of these features include street life, life in the slums and pollution. This paper attempts to study how the urban setting is depicted in modern Kenyan Swahili literary texts. Realism theory as propagated by both Georg Lukács and Bertolt Brecht will be invoked during the analysis of the texts, specifically, how the urban genre developed, images used to depict urban life and centers, and establish the influence of this genre on Swahili literary writing as a whole.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION ON UNDER-TWO MORTALITY IN INDIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROB STEPHENSON ◽  
ZOE MATTHEWS ◽  
J. W. MCDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Mortality Differentials ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of rural–urban migration on under-two mortality in India, using data from the 1992/93 Indian National Family Health Survey. Multilevel logistic models are fitted for mortality in three age groups: neonatal, early post-neonatal, and late post-neonatal and toddler. Migration status was not a significant determinant of mortality in any of the three age groups. Further analysis shows that a relationship between migration status and mortality exists when socioeconomic and health utilization variables are omitted from the models. The relationship between migration and mortality is thus explained by differences in socioeconomic status and use of health services between rural–urban migrant and non-migrant groups. The selectivity of rural–urban migrants on socioeconomic characteristics creates mortality differentials between rural–urban migrants and rural non-migrants. Problems faced by migrants in assimilating into urban societies create mortality differentials between rural–urban migrants and urban non-migrants. These results highlight the need to target migrants in the provision of health services, and demonstrate that rural areas continue to have the highest levels of infant–child mortality. Further research is needed to understand the health care needs of rural–urban migrants in order to inform the provision of appropriate health care.

The Effects of World Capitalist Economy on Urbanization in Egypt, 1800–1970

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Chaichian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

This research paper provides an historical analysis of urbanization in Egypt and its relationships to her incorporation into the world capitalist economy during the last two centuries. My major concern is to discover more about the following issues: (1) the historical reasons for the structural disjunction of the peasant population from rural areas; and (2) the dynamics of rural–urban migration and the problem of overconcentration of population in a few major urban centers.

scholarly journals RURAL URBAN MIGRATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 674-682
Author(s):  
Asma Seemi Malik
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

Movement towards the urban centers of a country has been found to be acommon element in regards to the population dynamics. These dynamics however have asignificant economic, cultural, political and social impact on the lives of not only the migrantsbut also the place of destination. Through this research, it has been studied as to how therural urban movement in Pakistan impacts the social and cultural dimensions of the place ofdestination as well as those of the migrant. Furthermore, this research focused on findings themeasures taken by the government to curb the issues, however has found that the governmentof Pakistan is not taking any notice at all of the issues that exist. There is no long term vision orpolicy, a plan or implementation that would help in keeping the society and cultural of urbanand rural centers segregated.

Variation, contact, and change in language varieties in Yul shul (northern Khams)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (245) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konchok Gelek
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural People ◽  
School Class ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

AbstractThis article describes Tibetan dialect standardization due to rural-urban migration and participation in formal schooling in Yul shul Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. As socio-economic development of China’s Tibetan regions accelerates in the twenty-first century, rural people travel and relocate to regional urban centers more frequently, and are thus exposed to a variety of dialects. Meanwhile, participation in formal state-sponsored schooling is also increasing. Both these phenomena create new sociolinguistic environments in which regiolect standardization is occurring. To investigate this situation, I conducted a survey of one middle school class and one associate diploma class at two different educational institutions in Khams, in order to investigate how students’ accents shift to standard regional regiolects, such as Sga ba regiolect in Yul shul.

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