Analysis of risk factors and clinical characteristic of stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok in 2016

Introduction. Stroke is the main cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Over 60,000 cases of stroke are diagnosed in Poland each year. In the coming years, due to the aging of the population and the elevation of risk factor prevalence, a further increase in the incidence of stroke in Poland is expected. Aim. Investigation of demographic characteristics, clinical analysis and assessment of risk factors among the stroke patients hospitalized in the UMB Department of Neurology. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized due to a stroke in 2016. The neurological condition of patients was assessed at the time of admission and discharge using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results. The medical documentation of 402 stroke patients, consisting of 55.47% women and 44.53% men was analyzed. Ischemic (IS) and haemorrhagic strokes (HS) accounted for 91.8 and 8% respectively. The average age of a stroke patient was 74.2 years (women 76.6, men 71.2). The most common risk factors were hypertension (78.6%), dyslipidemia (55.2%) and atrial fibrillation (25.6%). According to the NIHSS scale, 65% of patients received ≤ 5 while 1.8% ≥ 25 points. During hospitalization, the NIHSS clinical improvement was achieved in 71.9%, deterioration in 3.6% and no change was observed in 24.5% of patients. In-hospital mortality amounts to 7.5%. Conclusions. More than two thirds of patients had more than one stroke risk factor, from which the most common one is hypertension. Awareness of modifiable risk factors for stroke is essential for implementation of a secondary prevention.

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Abstract 1122‐000035: Is Age Critical in Determining Stroke Severity Within the Telestroke Network?

Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology ◽

10.1161/svin.01.suppl_1.000035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Cassie A Simmons ◽

Nicolas Poupore ◽

Fernando Gonzalez ◽

Thomas I Nathaniel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Stroke Risk Factor ◽

Patients Âgés ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction : Age is the single most important risk factor for stroke and an estimated 75% of all strokes occur in people >65 years of age. In addition, adults >75 years’ experience more hospitalization stays and higher mortality rates with an estimated 50% in the occurrence of all strokes. Several comorbidities have been linked to an increased risk and severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). How these factors differentially contribute to the severity of stroke in patients ages >65 and <75 as well as those ≥75 is not known. In this study, we aim to investigate how age, coupled with various clinical risk factors, affects AIS severity within these two age categories. Methods : This retrospective data analysis study was conducted using the data collected from the PRISMA Health Stroke Registry between 2010 and 2016. Baseline clinical and demographic data for patients ages >65 and <75 as well as those ≥75 was analyzed using univariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate regression models were used to examine the association of specific baseline risk factors or comorbidities associated with worsening or improving neurologic functions. The primary functions were risk factors associated with improving or worsening neurologic outcome in each age category. Results : Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that AIS population of patients >65 and <75 experiencing heart failure (OR = 4.398, 95% CI, 3.912 – 494.613, P = 0.002) and elevated HDL levels (OR = 1.066, 95% CI, 1.009 – 1.126, P = 0.024) trended towards worsening neurologic functions while patients experiencing obesity (OR = 0.177, 95% CI, 0.041 – 0.760, P = 0.020) exhibited improving neurologic functions. For the patients ≥75 years of age, direct admission (OR = 0.270, 95% CI, 0.085 – 0.856, P = 0.026) was associated with improvement of patients treated in the telestroke. Conclusions : Age is a strong risk factor for AIS, and aged stroke patients have higher morbidity and worsening functional recovery than younger patients. In this study, we observed differences in stroke risk factor profiles for >65 and <75 and ≥75 age categories. Heart failure and elevated HDL levels were significantly associated with worsening neurologic functions among AIS for patients aged >65 and <75. Obese patients and individuals ≥75 years who were directly admitted were most likely to exhibit improving neurologic functions. Most importantly, findings from this study reveal specific risk factors that can be managed to improve the care in older stroke patients treated in the telestroke network.

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Abstract WP236: The Urban-Rural Divide: Risk Factor Prevalence in Ischemic Stroke Patients Across Two Decades

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wp236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dinesh V Jillella ◽

Sara Crawford ◽

Anne S Tang ◽

Rocio Lopez ◽

Ken Uchino

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Regression Models ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Stroke Risk Factor ◽

Risk Factor Prevalence ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Artery Disease

Introduction: Regional disparities exist in stroke incidence and stroke related mortality in the United States. We aimed to elucidate the stroke risk factor prevalence trends based on urban versus rural location. Methods: From the National Inpatient Sample database the comorbid stroke risk factors were collected among hospitalized ischemic stroke patients during 2000-2016. Crude and age-and sex-standardized prevalence estimates were calculated for each risk factor during the time periods 2000-2008 and 2009-2016. We compared risk factor prevalence over the defined time periods using regression models, and differences in risk factor trends based on patient location categorized as urban (metropolitan with population of ≥ 1 million) and rural (neither micropolitan or metropolitan) using interaction terms in the regression models. Results: Stroke risk factor prevalence significantly increased from 2000-2008 to 2009-2016. When stratified based on patient location, most risk factors increased in both urban and rural groups. In the crude model, the urban to rural trend difference across 2000-08 and 2009-16 was significant in hypertension (p<0.0001), hyperlipidemia (p=0.0008), diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001), coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), smoking (p<0.0001) and alcohol (p=0.02). With age and sex standardization, the urban to rural trend difference was significant in hypertension (p<0.0001), hyperlipidemia (p=0.0007), coronary artery disease (p=0.01) and smoking (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of vascular risk factors among ischemic stroke patients has increased over the last two decades. There exists an urban-rural divide, with rural patients showing larger increases in prevalence of several risk factors compared to urban patients.

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The Burden of Atrial Fibrillation as Stroke Risk Factor in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i1.3818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 131-134

Author(s):

Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon ◽

Niyata Hananta Karunawan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Stroke Risk Factor ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Stroke Epidemiology ◽

Published Research

Introduction Stroke is the most burden complication in a patient with atrial fibrillation. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the common cardiac arrythmia in stroke patients. The epidemiology study of AF-associated stroke were limited published research in southeast. This study may prove valuable in routine clinical practice. This systematic review aimed to identify the latest evidence on the epidemiology of AF related stroke in southeast Asia regions. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on prevalence or incidence of atrial fibrillation related stroke from inception up until September 2019 through PubMed and Cochrane Central Database. The keywords were the combination of the following words: “stroke”, “epidemiology”, “atrial fibrillation”, and was then used with the name of each country in southeast Asia”. The inclusion criteria of the study i.e : patients with stroke, was a original papers with observational study, concerned on AF in stroke patients in southeast Asia. Data on incidence and prevalence were obtained from hospital-based studies and community-based studies. Results: Atrial Fibrillation prevalence data are available in five countries in southeast Asia, a total of the 11 articles identified were from Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, and Indonesia were also represented. The reported prevalence of AF as a risk factor of stroke patients was 2.6 % until 23.04% based on hospital-based studies. Conclusion: AF is one of risk factors that associated with the stroke. This study also showed that prevalence AF in South East Asia ranged 2.6 – 23.04 % . However, owing to the limited number of studies in southeast Asian countries, further investigation is needed before drawing a definite true of prevalence of AF in the southeast Asia population. Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation, AF-associated Stroke, Epidemiology, Risk Factors.

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Prevalence of Seasonal Variation of Haemorrhagic stroke more in winter than summer and its common risk factors

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v5i1.53915 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Sultan Ahmed ◽

Md Aminul Islam ◽

Mohammad Abdul Bari ◽

Mahmud Javed Hasan ◽

Md Ashraful Siddique Pathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Community Based ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Common Risk Factors ◽

Medicine Community

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of medicine, Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh over a period of one year during March 2013 to February 2014. The study was conducted to describe Haemorrhagic stroke during summer and winter. An attempt was also made to observe in the frequency of common risk factors of stroke by seasons. A total 146 patients of any age irrespective of sex fulfilling the WHO criteria of acute stroke and confirmed by CT Scan were selected from consecutive admission in the Department of Medicine, Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh. Detail history and through clinical examinations were done. Routine and relevant investigations were carried out. The mean age of the patients was 60.9±14.3 years. A male preponderance was observed in the study. In summer 65.8% of patients and in winter 34.2% patients were presented. Ischemic stroke was present in 52.1% patients and 47.9% patients had haemorrhagic stoke. The study found that the frequency of ischemic stroke during summer (65.8%) was significantly greater than that during winter (34.2%). The frequency of haemorrhagic stroke during winter (65.8%) significant greater than that during summer (39.6%). Hypertension was the most important risk factor and other risk factors were smoking. Diabetes mellitus, tobacco chewing, ischamic heart disease, dyslipidaemia, oral contraceptive pill, alcohol consumption atrial fibrillation and past history of stroke. Increasing age was also noted as a risk factor (60.7%>60 years). Most of the risk factors were homogenously distributed between two seasons and between ischemic and haemorrhagic group. Hypertension was significantly higher in haemorrhagic stroke patients compared to ischemic stroke patients. CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 09-13

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Prevalence and outcome of young stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02125-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenjuan Xu ◽

Xiaoyu Zhang ◽

Huan Chen ◽

Zhangning Zhao ◽

Meijia Zhu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Factor Score ◽

Unfavorable Outcome ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Young Stroke ◽

Stroke In Young Adults ◽

Risk Factor Score ◽

Stroke In Young

Abstract Background Etiologies of acute ischemic stroke in young adults are heterogeneous. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis is a common finding in Asians which may be an important cause of stroke in young adults. However, studies of stroke in young Asian populations are rare. Our study was to investigate the prevalence and outcome of young stroke patients with MCA stenosis in Chinese populations. Methods Young patients with MCA territory infarction between January 2013 and September 2018 were retrospectively recruited. Subjects were defined as stenosis group (MCA stenosis ≥50%) and no-stenosis group (MCA stenosis<50% or no stenosis) by their MCA stenosis. For patients in stenosis group, they were categorized as uni-MCA stenosis subgroup and multiple stenosis subgroup. Demographic data, risk factors, imaging feature and complications were compared between groups. Prevalence of MCA stenosis and risk factor score (score ≥ 2 or 3) in different age groups were investigated. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used for evaluating functional outcome at discharge (unfavorable outcome: 3–6). Binary logistic regression was performed to determine independent risk factors of unfavorable outcome. Results Two hundred forty-nine young stroke patients were included in our study and 110 (44.2%) patients were defined as stenosis group. 55 (50%) patients were categorized as uni-MCA stenosis subgroup and 55 (50%) were multiple stenosis subgroup. The most common traditional vascular risk factors included hypertension, hyperlipemia, smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia and alcohol consumption. Prevalence of risk factor score ≥ 2 or 3 increased with age, but not incidence of MCA stenosis. By TOAST classification, the most common etiologies were large-artery atherosclerosis (41.0%) and small vessel disease (33.7%). Compared with no-stenosis group, patients in stenosis group were more likely to have large territorial infarct, develop complications and have unfavorable outcome. No significant difference was found between patients in uni-MCA stenosis and multiple stenosis subgroups except history of stroke/TIA, risk factor score ≥ 3 and silent infarct. By logistic regression, hypertension (OR = 3.561; 95%CI, 1.494 to 8.492; p = 0.004), NIHSS scores at admission (OR = 1.438; 95%CI, 1.276 to 1.620; p = 0,000) and infarct size (p = 0.015) independently predicted unfavorable outcome. Conclusions Forty-four point two percent young Chinese adults with MCA territory infarction had MCA stenosis. Prevalence of MCA stenosis did not increase with age. Patients with MCA stenosis had worse clinical outcome, however, only hypertension, NIHSS scores at admission and infarct size were independent predictors.

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Abstract WP328: A Nurse-Led Initiative Improves Adherence Rates for Stroke Follow-up and Blood Pressure Management

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.awp328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Darren T Larsen ◽

Helmi L Lutsep

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Stroke Prevention ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Stroke Risk Factor ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background and Issues Aggressive management of vascular risk factors reduces stroke rates. It is unknown whether structured nurse-led follow up increases adherence rates for stroke patients after hospital discharge. Purpose The purpose of this program is to improve secondary stroke risk factor management by instituting a nurse-led initiative called Stroke Therapy, Education, Prevention (STEP). Methods The pilot STEP program was based on protocols used for other stroke prevention trials. This nurse-led program includes inpatient initiation and outpatient maintenance of pharmacologic and lifestyle goals for stroke patients. Eligible patients have a non-disabling ischemic stroke or TIA and are without insurance restrictions and live within a distance allowing return to clinic for follow up. Prior to discharge, the STEP nurse completes patient education, and reviews outpatient goals. The STEP nurse makes phone contact with the patient 7-10 days after discharge to review medication compliance and reinforce education. At 30 days post discharge patients are seen in clinic by the STEP nurse where a resting blood pressure (BP) is measured. If the patient does not meet targets (<140 SBP or <130 SBP for DM) medications are adjusted by a stroke neurologist. We undertook a retrospective chart review of a consecutive cohort of patients matched to STEP eligibility criteria to determine whether the program improved retention rates and BP management. Chi-Square analysis was used to compare visit adherence and percentage achieving goal BPs at 30 days. Results In the STEP group 25/32(78%) patients completed the 30 day follow up compared to 14/32 (44%) patients in the historical matched cohort (p=0.0048). Target BP was achieved in 13/25(52%) STEP patients and 5/14 (36%) matched cohort patients (p=0.32) returning to clinic. Overall, target BP was achieved in 13/32 (41%) and 5/32 (16%) respectively (p=0.026). Conclusions In conclusion, follow up adherence and BP management in the group as a whole was better in the nurse-led model and is recommended for secondary stroke prevention. Long term follow up with this model may further increase in-target rates of BP control and other stroke risk factors.

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Abstract TMP99: Farmalarm: App for Mobile Devices Improves Risk Factor Control After Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp99 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marc Ribo ◽

Estefania montiel ◽

Estela Sanjuan ◽

Mireia Sanchis ◽

Marta Rubiera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Medication Compliance ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Risk Factor Control ◽

Stroke Awareness

Risk factor control and treatment compliance in the following months after stroke are often poor. We aim to validate a digital platform for smartphones designed to raise awareness in patients about the need to perform healthy lifestyle changes, improve communication with medical staff and increase treatment compliance Methods: Farmalarm is an app for smartphones designed to increase stroke awareness by: medication visual alerts and compliance control, chat communication with medical staff, sharing didactic video files, exercise monitoring... Stroke patients discharged home were screened for participation and divided in two groups: to follow the FARMALARM program during 3-4 weeks or standard of care follow-up. We determined risk factor control goals at 90 days in all patients Results: During 16 months, from the 457 patients discharged home, 126 (27.6%) were included in the study: Farmalarm n=74; age 57±12, Control n=52, age 59±10. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Patients in Farmalarm group followed the program for 23±6 days after discharge. In Farmalarm group, mean number alarms due to medication intake failure dropped from 68.5% in the first week to 44.6% in the third week (p=0.03). At 90 days, achievement of risk factor control was higher in the FARMALARM group (table). The rate of patients with 4/4 risk factors under control was higher in the FARMALARM group (45.3% Vs 22.5%; p=0.02) (graph) and less patients dropped all medications at 3 months in the Farmalarm group (1.5% Vs 8.16%:p=0.05). A regression model adjusted for age and gender showed that the only variable independently associated with all risk factors under control at 90 days was the use of Farmalarm (OR: 4.7; 95% CI:1.1-6.9;p=0.03). Conclusion: In stroke patients discharged home the use of mobile applications to monitor medication compliance and increase stroke awareness is feasible and seems to improve the control of vascular risk factors.

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Abstract 3000: Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Diseases Among Chinese with Diabetes Mellitus in Toronto: A Retrospective Ten Years Case-mix Study

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a3000 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Susy Lam ◽

Joseph Y Chu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Small Vessels ◽

Guideline Values ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Stroke Type

BACKGROUND: An article published in Neurology Asia(2006;11:13-18) by Chu etal provided essential data to investigate whether specific genetic or environmental differences exist within the diabetic-Chinese stroke community. Insight into distinctive epidemiologic and cerebrovascular patterns will bring forth effectively focused treatment and prevention. From that basis, we hypothesized: Chinese who had stroke-history within 15 years are more commonly diabetic than Europeans, and Chinese more frequently have small vessels disease (SVD) than Europeans. METHODS: Patients seen during 2001-2011 at the Toronto Queensway Professional Center Neurology clinic and at William Osler Health System, Brampton Site, were investigated. Chinese diabetic stroke patients were selected by last name and birth country; similarly diagnosed European patients were age-sex matched correspondingly. Risk factors were acknowledged if patients were given explicit medical treatments. Otherwise, guideline values were obtained from the WHO criteria. Data was collected through screening patient charts for the following: diabetic prevalence through screening stroke patients (122 Chinese, 880 European) excluding TIAs, subarachnoid and subdural haemorrhages; etiology and stroke type comparison in patients with DM (48 Chinese, 127 European); risk factors differences between Chinese and Europeans with DM. Odds ratios and unpaired two-sample t-testing were used to confirm significance. RESULTS: Significance confirmed (P<0.05): Chinese had higher DM and stroke incidence than Europeans (28.7% vs. 23.2%). Diabetic Chinese more frequently had SVD (51.1% vs. 44.1%), specifically lacunar stroke (47.9% vs. 36.4%). The co-morbidity of SVD risk factors of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and overweight were more frequent in Chinese (Table 1.0). Furthermore, SVD frequency dominated over large vessels disease (LVD) in the Chinese (Table 1.1). Table 1.0 - RISK FACTOR INCIDENCE Overweight HBP HPL Chinese, SVD 26.9% 53.8% 36.5% European, SVD 16.5% 33.1% 23.6% OR Chinese/Euro.1.86 2.36 1.86 Table 1.1 - STROKE TYPE AND RISK Overweight, SVD Overweight, LVD Hyperlipidemia, SVD Hyperlipidemia, LVD Hypertension, SVD Hypertension, LVD : Chinese 26.9% 7.7% 36.5% 15.0% 53.8% 25.0% OR SVD/LVD 4.42 3.26 3.50 European 16.5% 7.9% 23.6% 15.0% 33.1% 26.0% OR SVD/LVD 2.32 1.76 1.41 CONCLUSIONS: Chinese with stroke are more frequently diabetic than Europeans. Diabetic Chinese are especially susceptible to small vessels disease and certain stroke risk factors are more frequent compared to the Europeans. Risk factor prevalence and stroke types differ considerably between Chinese and Europeans within Toronto, which may imply that specific treatment strategies are required to target towards each population.

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Abstract NS6: Family History of Stroke: Invisibility of a Key Stroke Risk Factor among High Risk African Americans

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.ans6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dawn M Aycock ◽

Kenya D Kirkendoll ◽

Kisha C Coleman ◽

Karen C Albright ◽

Anne W Alexandrov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Family History ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Stroke Risk Factor ◽

Stroke Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Physiologic Data

Background & Purpose: Young to middle aged African Americans (AA) are at greater risk for a first-ever stroke, severe neurologic disability, and stroke-related mortality, than Caucasians of similar age; however, it remains unclear what role a family history of stroke (FHS) plays in promoting adoption of healthier lifestyles in this cohort. The purpose of this study was to explore differences between rural Stroke Belt AA with a FHS (e.g. parent/grandparent/sibling) on modifiable stroke risk factors, knowledge, perceived threat and perceived control of stroke, and exercise behaviors to AA without a FHS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted recruiting AA aged 19-54 from the Black Belt region of Alabama via a mobile health clinic. Participants’ perceptions, knowledge, exercise history/intent, physiologic data, and health history were recorded. Results: Participants (N=66) averaged 43.3+9.4 years, were 71% female, with at least 12 years of school (89%), and unemployed (62%). Common risk factors were insufficient exercise (76%), obesity (59%), hypertension (53%; blood pressure M=145+17.6/88.3+12.9), and cigarette smoking (38%). Participants with a FHS (n=33) did not differ on average number of risk factors compared to those without a FHS (FHS 2.8+1.4 vs. 2.2+1.5; t(64)= 1.73, p=.089), nor did they differ on physiologic data. However, participants with a FHS were more likely to report a history of hypertension (67%) compared to those without a FHS (33%; χ2 =4.93, p <.05). There were no significant differences between groups for knowledge of stroke risk factors, perceived threat and perceived control of stroke, or recent exercise performance, although participants with a FHS (3.4+1.2) had significantly lower future intentions to exercise compared to those without a FHS (3.9+0.8); t(64)=2.45, p<.05). Conclusions: Although FHS is a significant non-modifiable risk factor for stroke and was common in this young to middle-aged AA cohort, FHS did not drive perceived stroke risk, risk factor control, or current/future intentions to exercise. Identification of interventions designed to personalize FHS as a key stroke risk factor, while promoting lifestyle change and self-management, may play an important role in future primary stroke prevention.

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Ischemic stroke: Observations and analysis of stroke patients admitted in a tertiary hospital of Kathmandu

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v8i2.28166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Dipesh Shakya ◽

Rabindra Shrestha ◽

Krishna Dhungana ◽

Raisha Kafle ◽

Sabnam Bhatta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis ◽

Common Risk Factors

Background: Stroke is a disabling condition that has physical and mental impact on a patient’s life. Stroke is an important morbidity for low and middle income countries like Nepal. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are common risk factors in this regard and are inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness, inadequate infrastructure, lack of service and qualified manpower.Objectives: This study aims to provide insight into the epidemiology and risk factors in ischemic stroke patients.Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 92 ischemic stroke patients at a tertiary care hospital Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (KMCTH), Sinamangal, Nepal from December 2017 to June 2018. Consecutive sampling technique was used and data was collected from ischemic stroke patients above 14 years of age who were admitted in the Department of Neurology. Information regarding pre-morbid and morbid conditions, imaging findings as well as results was obtained from biochemical analysis of blood after taking consent from the patient or patient’s relative. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 was used as a tool for statistical analysis.Results: Their mean age was 63.25 years with standard deviation of 16.45. Dyslipidemia was the most commonly found risk factor which was present in 77.2% of the subjects, followed by smoking (59.8%), presence of carotid artery atherosclerosis (59.8%), hypertension (50%), atrial fibrillation (26.1%) and diabetes mellitus(15.2%). Smoking was significant in males and heart disease was mostly seen in females.Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and smoking were the most common risk factors followed by carotid artery atherosclerosis. Patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia had higher incidence of stroke in both young and elderly group.

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