Analytical study of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and maxillofacial deformity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Patients whose with facial appearance involves dental anomalies and malocclusion face an increased prevalence of various psychosocial problems such as a high level of social anxiety, social avoidance, and low quality of life. This study investigates the patients with craniofacial anomalies and their psychological adjustment concerning the facial and dental appearance. It also evaluates the expectations of this patient group from the orthodontic treatment. Two steps were done in this study. In the first step, translation and validation of the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS59), The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), and Patient Expectation from the Orthodontic Treatment (PEOTQ) questionnaires into Maithili were done, and then the main study was conducted using these valid questionnaires. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on the patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies visiting the orthodontics department of Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna (Bihar). All the patients received the Maithili DAS, Maithili PIDAQ and Patients' Expectation from the orthodontic treatment questionnaires. The Maithili version of DAS59, PIDAQ and PEOTQ were developed with outstanding reliability and validity. A significant difference between PIDAQ (p<0.001) and DAS59 scores (p<0.001) was found. In females, the total PIDAQ score was significantly higher as compared to males, but there was no association of DAS scores with gender. Place of residence showed no association with PIDAQ and DAS59 scores in patients. Patients and controls had significant differences between various items, and a comparison was made in terms of expectation from the orthodontic treatment. Altered facial and dental appearance in patients with craniofacial anomalies showed a significant psychological impact.

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Correlation of lip profile preferences in Pakistani population; and its comparison with orthodontic norms

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.855 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hashim Bin Mansoor ◽

Zahra Khalid ◽

Abdullah Jan ◽

Rumeesha Zaheer

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difference Of Opinion ◽

General Dentists ◽

Group B ◽

Treatment Seekers

Objective: To determine the most desired lip profile and compare the subjective sense of aesthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and the general population. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontic Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1 to February 25, 2020, and comprised different silhouettes for each gender with increasing lip procumbence from -6mm to +6mm with respect to Rickett’s E-line which were created using Photoshop CS 8.0 after cephalometric analysis of 20 cephalograms. The sample comprised an equal number of orthodontists in group A, general dentists in group B and orthodontic treatment-seekers in group C with equal representation of the two genders. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 180 subjects, there were 60(33.3%) in each of the three groups, with 30(50%) males and as many females in all the groups. All the three groups preferred the average lip profile for males (p=0.018) and 2mm procumbent lips for females (p=0.008). There was significant difference of opinion between groups A and C (p=0.034) and between groups B and C (p=0.022). Conclusion: There was found to be a marked difference of opinion among the orthodontists, the general dentists and the orthodontic treatment-seekers regarding the desired lip profile. Key Words: Aesthetics, Pakistani population, Cephalometrics, Lip profile. Continuous...

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Prospective evaluation of the psychosocial impact of the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance among young adults

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/063015-434.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 644-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renata França Prado ◽

Joana Ramos-Jorge ◽

Leandro Silva Marques ◽

Saul Martins de Paiva ◽

Camilo Aquino Melgaço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Social Impact ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial impact of the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance among young adults and compare the results with those of a control group of patients awaiting treatment for malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted with a sample of 120 patients on a waiting list for orthodontic treatment at a university. The participants were allocated to an experimental group submitted to treatment and a control group awaiting treatment. The groups were matched for sex and age. All participants were instructed to answer the Brazilian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) at baseline and after 6 months. Statistical analysis involved the Wilcoxon test for the total PIDAQ score and the score of each subscale. All patients participated until the end of the study. Results: Significant differences between baseline and the 6-month evaluation were found for the total PIDAQ score as well as the dental self-confidence and social impact subscales in both groups. No differences between baseline and the 6-month evaluation were found regarding the psychological impact or esthetic concern subscales in the control group. The patients in the experimental group reported greater esthetic impact 6 months after beginning treatment (P < .001). The first 6 months of orthodontic treatment seem to improve psychosocial impact. Conclusion: The first 6 months of orthodontic treatment seem to improve the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. The patients analyzed in the present study reported a greater esthetic impact and less psychological impact after 6 months of using an orthodontic appliance.

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Prevalence of Palatal and Alveolar Cysts in Babies with Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/02-139.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 490-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Karina Mirela Ribeiro Pinto Alves ◽

Virginia Peixoto ◽

Márcia Ribeiro Gomide ◽

Cleide Felíciode Carvalho Carrara ◽

Beatriz Costa

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Craniofacial Anomalies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Posterior Area

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in babies with cleft lip and/or palate. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants Two hundred ninety-one Caucasian babies divided into four groups according to the type of cleft: cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus (70), complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (112), complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (56), and cleft palate (53). Results A low prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts was observed among patients with the four different types of clefts, with no statistically significant difference between genders. The maxilla and the anterior area of the mouth were more affected than the mandible and the posterior area. Conclusions The low prevalence of palatal and alveolar cysts in the four groups of babies with clefts included in this study may have been due to the high mean age of the sample.

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Orthodontic Treatment Knowledge among General Dentists and Non-orthodontic Specialists

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25689 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

Asal Acharya ◽

Praveen Mishra ◽

Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽

Pooja Shah

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Treatment Knowledge ◽

Treatment Concepts ◽

The Mean ◽

General Dentists

Introduction: General dentists and specialists other than orthodontist may encounter patient requiring orthodontic treatment. For proper counseling and referral, it is important that general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists have adequate level of orthodontic knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of orthodontic treatment among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists and to compare the knowledge between the two groups. Materials & Method: A descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaire was performed among 185 actively practicing general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists of Nepal. The questionnaire comprised of three parts. The first part included demographic details, second part contained 5 multiple choice questions regarding orthodontic counseling and third part integrated 18 questions for evaluating knowledge of orthodontic treatment. Each correct answer was given score 1 and every incorrect answer was scored zero in the third part of the questionnaire. Result: Among total participants, 60.5% think first orthodontic evaluation of a child should be carried out within 7 to 8 years of age and 44.3% think orthodontic treatment can even be started after 40 years of age. Around 66% of the participants think that orthodontic treatment cannot be performed in periodontally compromised cases. No significant difference was found between the mean scores of knowledge among general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists (p=0.891), or among dentists with different years of experience (p=0.644). Conclusion: There is a need for more education of orthodontic treatment concepts to the dentists who do not belong to orthodontic field for proper counseling and referral.

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Proposal and psychometric validation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2 Fear Scale (SCoV-2-FS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48227/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida ◽

Clara Putini Villibor ◽

Suzana Carstensen ◽

Ricardo Rasmussen Petterle

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Online Survey ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Security Measures ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Challenges

Abstract Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health, economic, and social challenges, generating fear. Fear can cause a range of physical and psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, and panic. Leading to lower social isolation and adherence to security measures, consequently increasing infection risk. The objective was to validate an 11-item unidimensional fear scale to identify and assess the severity of the fear of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey questionnaire. The sample included the Brazilian general population, randomly recruited by social networking platforms, during the pandemic. Participants aged ≥18 were included. A self-applicable fear scale named as the SARS-CoV-2 Fear Scale (SCoV-2-FS), comprising 11 questions addressing the fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection in performing daily activities was validated. The reliability and validity of the SCoV-2-FS were psychometrically evaluated using reliability measures and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The sample comprised 1332 Brazilian participants. Results: Cronbach’s α was 0.9, indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the CFA showed that the unidimensional factor structure of the SCoV-2-FS fitted well with the data.Limitations: The sampling method could have introduced selection bias in terms of socio-demographics.Conclusion: The SCoV-2-FS is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties, useful for assessing the psychological impact of fear due to COVID-19. Clinical relevance: The development of a scale may assist in the development of measures to control mental health disorders resulting from fear during and after the pandemic.

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The Psychological Impact of Referral for Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Among Women in Muscat Governorate: A cross-sectional study

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2019.19.03.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Nouf M. Al-Alawi ◽

Nabila Al-Balushi ◽

Asma A. Al Salmani

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Social Functions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social

Objectives: Breast cancer constitutes the majority of diagnosed cancers in Oman’s females, accounting for 19.2%, which prompted the introduction of a breast cancer screening programme into the Omani healthcare system. There are rising international concerns about the effectiveness of mammography as a screening tool and its psychological impact. The current study aimed to determine the social, emotional and physical dysfunction caused by the waiting time from the day of scheduling the appointment until the day of screening and explore associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2017 at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, using a two-part self-administered questionnaire. Part one of the questionnaire collected clinical and demographic data. Part two consisted of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ) and focused on psychological consequences, measuring the effect of mammographic screening on emotional, physical and social functions. Results: A total of 300 women aged ≥40 years old participated in this study (response rate: 100%). Results revealed that there was a minimal negative psychological impact from screening using mammograms. All PCQ domains were significantly impacted for participants who reported a family history of cancer (P = 0.007). The social score was significantly higher among women between 40–50 years old (P = 0.008). Scores of emotional and social functions were significantly affected by participants’ employment status; employed women were more affected than those who were not (P = 0.043 and 0.012, respectively). However, women’s levels of literacy did not affect any of the domains. Conclusion: The psychosocial impact of the waiting period between scheduling and undergoing mammography screening was minimal in the current sample. Future research should evaluate the psychosocial impact on patients at different recall times.Keywords: Breast Cancer; Mammography; Psychological Factors; Depression; Anxiety; Oman.

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Problematic Facebook use behavior and locus of control in physiotherapy students

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1186/s43161-021-00031-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yesim Salik Sengul ◽

Turhan Kahraman ◽

Buse Ozcan Kahraman

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Personal Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Belief ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Facebook Use ◽

Physiotherapy Students

Abstract Background Problematic Facebook use is a broader umbrella for term addictive-like symptoms, and scarce self-regulation related to Facebook use reflecting social and personal problems, and many studies have suggested that it is associated with many psychosocial problems. Locus of control (LOC) is described as a personality trait developed through social learning theory. Recently, LOC has got attention from both the patient’s and clinician’s perspectives. In addition, higher external LOC is associated with problematic Internet use. The aim was to investigate whether problematic Facebook use is associated with LOC. Four hundred twenty-one university students were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Problematic Facebook use was determined by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the participants were divided into two groups as neutral users and problematic users. Locus of control was assessed using the Locus of Control Scale, including subscales of personal control, belief in chance, the meaninglessness of the effortfulness, belief in fate, and belief in an unjust world. Results In total, 333 students were eligible for the study. There were 66 students with neutral Facebook use (19.8%), and the remaining (n=267) had problematic Facebook use (80.2%). No significant difference was observed in the demographic characteristic of neutral and problematic Facebook users (p>0.05). Problematic Facebook users had significantly higher scores on the meaninglessness of the effortfulness (p<0.001), belief in fate (p=0.019), and belief in an unjust world (p=0.004) compared to the neutral Facebook users. Conclusions The results showed that the physiotherapy students having a problematic Facebook had significantly higher scores on the meaninglessness of the effortfulness, belief in fate, and belief in an unjust world compared to neutral Facebook users. All these negative thoughts might be a problem both for students themselves and their future patients.

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Orthodontic status and treatment need of 13 to 15 year-old children in Kwa-Zulu Natal South Africa: An epidemiology study using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)

South African Dental Journal ◽

10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no7a4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (07) ◽

pp. 414-421

Author(s):

Kiran Ramson ◽

Shenuka Singh

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Health Planning ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Age Group ◽

Older Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Need

The prevalence of malocclusion among school going children in KwaZulu-Natal remains poorly defined despite the known physiological and psychological impact of this dental occurrence. The aim and objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and possible treatment need in 13-15 year-old school going children in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted on 270 school-going children aged 13 to 15 years, in the Umlazi and Pinetown school districts. A two-staged clustered and systematic random sampling technique was used to draw the study sample. Data was collected through an intraoral examination of occlusal status and the malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was assessed through use of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Questionnaires were developed to collect information on the learners’ health status and socio demographic profile. The results indicated that 144 (53.3%) of the 270 learners had DAI scores <25 (no abnormality or minor malocclusion not requiring orthodontic treatment); 26 learners (9.6%) had DAI scores of between 26-30 (definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic treatment); 59 learners (21.9%) had DAI scores of between 31-35 (severe malocclusion requiring orthodontic treatment); and 41 learners (15.2%) had DAI scores >36 (very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment). There was an increase in the proportion of malocclusion in older children. The age group of 15 years old had a mean and standard deviation of 30.02+8.9 when compared to the age group 13 years old (27.76+12.17). The association between gender distribution and severity of malocclusion was found to be statistically significant (p=0.01). The present study primarily indicated a significant prevalence of malocclusion in the identified children. Although 53.3% of children did not require treatment, 37.1% presented with severe and handicapping malocclusion. This suggests a definite and mandatory treatment need for this group of children. The study could provide useful baseline epidemiological data that could inform oral health planning on the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need for 13-15 year-old school going children in the identified geographical area.

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Worries and concerns among healthcare workers during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic: a web-based cross-sectional survey

10.1101/2020.06.09.20126045 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuki Sahashi ◽

Hirohisa Endo ◽

Tadafumi Sugimoto ◽

Takeru Nabeta ◽

Kimitaka Nishizaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Social Contact ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Family Work ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) treating and caring for patients with emerging infectious diseases often experience psychological distress. However, the psychological impact and behavior change of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among HCWs are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the worries and concerns of HCWs regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, a web-based questionnaire was distributed among HCWs working in hospitals or clinics across Japanese medical facilities from April 20 to May 1, 2020. The questionnaire comprised items on demographics, worries and concerns, perceptions regarding the sufficiency of information, and behavioral changes pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 4386 HCWs completed the survey; 1648 (64.7%) were aged 30-39 years, 2379 (54.2%) were male, and 782 (18.1%) were frontline HCWs, directly caring for patients with COVID-19 on a daily basis. 3500 HCWs (79.8%) indicated that they were seriously worried about the pandemic. The most frequent concern was the consequence of becoming infected on their family, work, and society (87.4%). Additionally, the majority (55.5%) had restricted social contact and almost all HCWs endorsed a shortage in personal protective equipment (median, 8/9 (interquartile range; 7-9) on a Likert scale). There was no significant difference in the degree of worry between frontline and non-frontline HCWs (8/9 (7-9) vs. 8/9 (7-9), p=0.25). Frontline HCWs, compared to non-frontline HCWs, were more likely to have the need to avoid contact with families and friends (24.8% vs. 17.8%, p<0.001) and indicated that they cannot evade their professional duty during the COVID-19 pandemic (9/9 (7-9) vs. 8/9 (6-9), p<0.001). Further, the extremely low proportion of frontline HCWs reported that they would take a leave of absence to avoid infection (1.2%).ConclusionsBoth frontline and non-frontline HCWs expressed comparable concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Because HCWs, especially frontline HCWs, reported that they cannot be obliged to do avoid their duty, effective mental health protection strategies should be developed and implemented for HCWs.

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Investigating perceptions of patient-centred care in orthodontics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312520952802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 320-329

Author(s):

Nima Amin ◽

Susan J Cunningham ◽

Elinor M Jones ◽

Fiona S Ryan

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Gender ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

High Engagement ◽

Score Range ◽

Patient Centredness

Objectives: To assess and compare patient and clinician perceptions of patient-centredness for adults about to commence active orthodontic treatment, and to assess whether the following variables affected perceptions of patient-centredness: patient gender and age; clinician gender and grade; and stage of treatment. Design: A prospective, cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting: Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust. Participants: A total of 112 adult patients and 30 clinicians completed 224 questionnaires (112 patient and 112 clinician questionnaires). Methods: A validated, dyadic questionnaire, the ‘9-Item Patient Perception of Patient-Centredness’ (PPPC), was used to collect data from both patients and their corresponding clinicians after initial assessment or records/treatment planning consultations. Total PPPC scores (possible score range = 9–36) were calculated for each patient and clinician to ascertain the extent to which they perceived they were engaging in patient-centredness, where higher scores corresponded with better performance. Results: Patients and clinicians perceived high engagement in patient-centredness with median scores of 32/36 and 29/36, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between total scores with patients perceiving consultations to be more patient-centred than clinicians ( P < 0.001). None of the variables (patient gender and age, clinician gender and grade, stage of treatment) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients and clinicians both perceived high engagement in patient-centredness. Patients perceived consultations to be significantly more patient-centred than clinicians ( P < 0.001).

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