scholarly journals Research of oil shale in the Komi ASSR during the Great Patriotic War: experience of the Professor D. N. Kursanov

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Alexandra Brovina ◽  
Larisa Pavlovna Roshchevskaya ◽  
Mikhail Pavlovich Roshchevskii
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Komi Assr ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The subject of this research is the historical role of Russian scientific community in studying the Arctic and Subarctic territories during the years of Great Patriotic War. The key goal consists in demonstrating the contribution of scholars to accumulation of scientific knowledge on the northern region in the context of solution of the priority government objective and establishment of scientific organizations on the European North of Russia in first half of the XX century. The main tasks of this research lie in reconstruction of the process of creation and activity of oil shale laboratory of the Base of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union on studying the North under the authority of Professor D. N. Kursanov, who dealt with the questions of utilization of solid fossil fuels of the Komi ASSR. This topic did not receive due coverage within the scientific literature. For solution of the set tasks, the author attracted the unpublished archival materials from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Archive of the Federal Research Center “Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and National Archive of the Komi Republic; writings of the staff members of the indicated laboratory published based on the research results in 1940s, as well modern researchers of the depths of Russian North. The article explores the history of establishment of scientific department, development of scientific programs and plans, organization of interaction of academic community with the government and economic branches of the Komi ASSR. The main conclusions consists in the proof that the scientific-organizational activity of D. N. Kursanov led to conducting strategic research of defense designation on the problems of studying oil shale of the mineral deposit on Ayyva River, utilization of oil shale for motor fuel generation, and elaboration of new chemical products for defense industry. It is underlined that the high level of explorations and pilot surveys carried out by national scholars in these directions contributed to the development of new shale-chemical industrial sector of the country in the later years.

scholarly journals One hundred years in the networks of bureaucracy. Review of the book by V. V. Ogryzko “Pod nadzorom Kremlya: izryadno potrepannaya, no utselevshaya Akademiya nauk” [Under the supervision of the Kremlin: a fairly battered, but survived Academy of Sciences]

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Sergey Egerev
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Special Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

An excursion through the pages of the book by V. V. Ogryzko “Under the supervision of the Kremlin: a fairly battered, but survived Academy of Sciences” is given. The history of uneasy relations between the government and the Academy of Sciences can be traced from the first post-revolutionary years to the present day. The mostly detailed description relates to the efforts of the Soviet government to tame (“to Sovietize”) the Russian Academy of Sciences in the first post-revolutionary years. In his research, based on unique archival sources, the author operates with a large number of sources and a large number of activehistorical figures, from academics to employees of special services. It is noted that over the past hundred years, not only the Academy has changed, the methods of state influence on the academic community have changed, and the goal setting of the state has also changed. In the first decades, the Soviet government was faced with the task of introducing as many loyal communists as possible into the academic community, and after the collapse of the USSR, the task of “depriving” the Academy from material assets became firmly on the agenda. The author of the book – V. V. Ogryzko – comes to the conclusion that many discoveries andachievements of our scientists were made not thanks to the support of the state, but rather in spite of it.

scholarly journals The Arctic Business Trip of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.M. Sergeev to Yakutia: the Main Results and Prospects for Russian Science Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Valery P. ZHURAVEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Siberian Branch ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Business Trip

The analytical review is devoted to the progress and results of the three-day business trip (March 17–19, 2021) of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician A.M. Sergeev to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as part of a large group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences and its Siberian branch. During this period, he visited more than 20 scientific and educational objects in Yakutsk and Tiksi village, met with their leaders, got acquainted with the main directions of their activities. The article reveals and analyzes numerous meetings of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences with sci-entists, his speeches at conferences and round tables, where his key positions and assessments regarding the role of science in the development of Russia and Yakutia are outlined in the light of the requirements of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On measures to improve the efficiency of state scientific research and technical policy”. Special attention is paid to the results of meetings with the leadership of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Academy of Sciences of the republic, visits to the Federal Research Center “Yakutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" and its institutions, North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, scientific and educational laboratory "Agrokub", the Polar Geocosmophysical Observatory, the station of rocket sounding of the atmosphere and the wind-diesel complex. The article contains innovative material on a comprehensive development plan for the Tiksi village. Speaking about the importance of a business visit to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the author notes that this trip took place in the Year of Science and Technology in Russia, on the eve of the Russian Federation's chairmanship in the Arctic Council, and thus emphasized the importance of the region in the Arctic state policy and gave a good impetus for further development of scientific organizations and science in Yakutia. According to the results of work in Yakutia, the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.M. Sergeev highly appreciated the scientific and technological potential of the region, noted the most promising areas of fundamental and applied research that can ensure breakthrough development of the region.

Research of Wood Chemistry in the Komi Republic during the Great Patriotic War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.П. Рощевская
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Komi Assr ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

На основе архивных документов впервые реконструированы причины возникновения, результаты деятельности, штаты технологической лаборатории химии древесины Базы АН СССР по изучению Севера в г. Сыктывкар Коми АССР в 1941 г. Сотрудники лаборатории исследовали промышленные установки и условия переработки смоло-скипидарного сырья, которое в те годы считалось одним из источников получения камфоры, моторного топлива и смазочных масел, а также взрывчатых веществ. Показано, что центром исследований химической обработки древесины был Всесоюзный НИИ сульфатно-спиртовой и гидролизной промышленности в Ленинграде. В годы Великой Отечественной войны в Сыктывкаре оказались крупные ученые и специалисты, под руководством которых производилась важнейшие исследования оборонного характера. Установлено, что перед сотрудниками лаборатории химии древесины в Сыктывкаре в годы войны были поставлены задачи: выявить и охарактеризовать минеральное и растительное сырье, необходимое для нужд обороны страны; разработать методику получения моторного топлива и смазочных масел, изготовленных на местах из недефицитного сырья. В лаборатории производили важнейшие исследования оборонного характера, трудились крупные деятели науки и производства. Руководителями коллектива были эвакуированные в Сыктывкар будущий член-корреспондент АН СССР профессор Д.Н. Курсанов и лауреат Сталинской премии М.А. Грехнев, который доказал, что в Коми АССР целесообразнее использовать для получения терпентинового масла сосну. Сотрудники изучали технологический процесс получения смолы и скипидара. На основании этих научных выводов в республике было на период войны сохранено и получило дальнейшее развитие смоло-скипидарное производство. Основой для таких разработок была местная деревообрабатывающая промышленность. Показаны условия труда и быта сотрудников лаборатории в годы войны. Высказаны предположения о причинах закрытия лаборатории химии древесины в 1946 г. On the basis of archival documents causes of establishment, results of activities, staff of the technological laboratory of wood chemistry of the Base of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the Study of the North in Syktyvkar, Komi ASSR in 1941 are reconstructed for the first time. The staff of the laboratory investigated industrial facilities and conditions for processing resin and turpentine raw materials which at that time was considered one of sources for obtaining camphor, motor fuel and lubricating oils as well as explosive materials. The centre of investigations of chemical wood processing was All-Union Scientific Research Institute of sulphate-spirit and hydrolysis industry in Leningrad. During the Great Patriotic War prominent researchers and experts worked in Syktyvkar. Under their leadership the most important research of defensive nature was conducted. It was found that during the war before the staff of the laboratory of wood chemistry in Syktyvkar were set tasks to identify and characterize mineral and vegetable raw materials required for defense needs of the country, to develop a method of producing motor fuels and lubricating oils, made of local non-deficient raw materials. The laboratory produced the most important research of defensive nature, major figures of science and industry worked there. The leaders of the team were evacuated to Syktyvkar future corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences professor D.N. Kursanov and Stalin Prize winner M.A.Grehnev who proved that in the Komi ASSR pine should be used for obtaining turpentine oil. The staff studied the technological process of producing resin and turpentine. On the basis of these scientific conclusions during the war resin and turpentine manufacture in the Republic was further developed. The basis for these developments was the local woodworking industry. The work and living conditions of the laboratory staff during the war are presented. Assumptions are made about the reasons for the closure of the laboratory of wood chemistry in 1946.

First Research Library in Dagestan

2009 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Kurban A Ammaev
Keyword(s):  
Research Library ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The author proves that the library which was opened in 1899 at the Statistics Committee of Dagestan region can be considered the first research library in the region, because it promoted the growth of research potential of the Committee and the development of own methods of conducting the various researches, and also the library was of great assistance to experts and scientists in studying the region. Its stocks formed the basis of Research library of the Dagestan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals TO THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF E.G. Morozov

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S. M. Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Waves ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
International Association ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

March 15, 2021 Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Hydrological Processes of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DSc, ex-president of the International Association for Physical Ocean Sciences (IAPSO) Evgeny Morozov is 75 years old. E.G. Morozov is a prominent scientist and organizer of world-class science in the field of studying the temporal and spatial variability of hydrological processes and internal waves in a wide range of scales. He was the first to build a map of the amplitudes of tidal internal waves of the World Ocean. His monograph “Oceanic Internal Waves” published in 1985 in Russian, as well as his article “Semidiurnal internal wave global field”, published in the Deep Sea Research in 1995, are among the most cited on the problem of internal tidal waves. Unique results were obtained by E.G. Morozov in the study of internal waves in the Arctic, including under the ice and near the front of glaciers sliding into the ocean on Spitsbergen. He made a significant contribution to the study of various currents: the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio and their rings, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the California Current, the Falkland Current, the Lomonosov and Tareev subsurface equatorial currents. Since 1999 he has been a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) and since 2011 he has been elected President of the IAPSO, represented the IAPSO in this capacity on the Executive Committee of the International Geodetic and Geophysical Union (IUGG) and on the Executive Committee of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic research (SCOR). E.G. Morozov is the chairman of the Ocean Physical Sciences Section of the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Results of testing potato hybrids in breeding nurseries in the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Relevance. Potato hybrids obtained when creating varieties adapted to the weather conditions of the Komi Republic must have maximum resistance to constantly changing environmental conditions while maintaining the yield indicator at a high level. In addition, breeders impose requirements for their high field resistance to the main diseases common in the region: late blight, alternaria, rhizoctonia, scab and viruses (X, Y). In 2020, in the course of a continuously operating selection process, produced on the basis of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar) together with the FRC potato named after A.G. Lorkh (Korenevo), samples were taken from the nursery of the main test of hybrids.Methods. The studies were carried out on five hybrids sent from the FRC of Potato named after A.G. Lorkh obtained by hybridization of the original parental forms, growing hybrid seedlings and single-root hybrids, followed by selection in nurseries of single-root hybrids, second-year hybrids, preliminary and main tests already directly at the Institute of Agrobiotechnology FRC of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Observations, counts and culling in each nursery were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations on the technology of the potato breeding process. According to the research results, the hybrids were assessed in terms of yield, yield range (the difference between the maximum and minimum values for the study period), realization of yield potential (the ratio of the average yield to the maximum over the years of research) and coefficient of variation, as well as disease resistance.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of potato samples in the nursery of the main test, three promising hybrids were identified — 1992–14, 2000–60 and 2139– 5 with an average yield at the level of standard varieties and higher (23.6–31.2t/ha), having a high stability and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Ethnic minorities in the southern territories of the country: problems of the formation of Laz in the conditions of the Soviet period (1918–1950s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Nikolay F. Bugay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National Question ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The proposed article, based on new archival documents identified in the archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the involvement of researchers in the history of ethnic minorities on the territory of the USSR, Russia, reveals the role and place of the Laz ethnic minority in the south within Abkhazia and Georgia. Laz, as an ethnic minority, have undergone all those difficulties of transformation, including negative ones. Destructive measures were taken against them by the Government of the USSR – forced resettlement, deportation. Mohamed Vanlishi, Laz by nationality, being a member of the government of the Adjarian ASSR, minister, writer, sent a letter to L. Be-ria, the content of which touched Beria's feelings. The Lazes were returned from the special resettlement to their own homes. This side of the life of the ethnic minority of Georgia – Laz was reflected in the documents of "Stalin's special folder" The publication mentions many of the current representatives of the Laz in different periods of the his-tory of Georgia and Abkhazia and ethnic minorities living on their territory. The life of the Laz was also influenced by the policy carried out in Georgia to implement the "crys-tallization of society", pursuing the formation of statehood with one ethnic community, one culture. Introduction. The development of the problem itself in the scientific works of the author and other researchers is briefly stated. This is also a kind of reaction to complaints from the Laz themselves that the history of the ethnic minority is not being paid enough attention to. Little is known in the historiography of the Laz and their leaders, who led various kinds of movements for freedom and justice, the solution of social problems in society, the involvement of the Laz in party and state building. The content of punitive measures taken against Laz is partially revealed, the reasons and possibilities to overcome the built system in relations between the state and society, ethnic minorities are shown. Methods. The content of the article is based on different research methods. First of all, the method of historicism, a sequential presentation of the series of events that charac-terize the content of historical events, their relationship with accompanying events. It is also important to use the prosopographic method of presenting material about the main political figure of the Laz, representatives of the highest authorities. By using the narrative method, the ethnic community of the Laz is more widely represented and its participation in solving many issues in national state policy, the interaction of the ethnic community itself in the system of interethnic ties. The use of the information method is of particular value for building up an event series. This method is also quite applicable to the analysis of national processes taking place in the region where the Laz live. In the presentation of the article, the method of comparative historical analysis was also ap-plied. Results. This article was based primarily on archival documents about the holes, identi-fied in the archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This allowed a broader charac-terization of the Laz as an ethnic minority. Along with the well-known materials, show the settlement of Laz in the territory of the regions of residence. The documents of the archive make it possible to reveal the role and place of the Section for the Study of the National Question created in the structure of the Communist Academy. The forms and methods of work in the Communist Academy in the study of the history of the national question and ethnic minorities have been clarified.

scholarly journals ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНОЙ ОБРАБОТКЕ В ЦЕХАХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ПТИЦЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ (ОБЗОР)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Labor Safety ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Russian Research

Козак С.С., Серегин И.Г., Козак Ю.А. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: ПТИЦЕПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ, МЯСО И МЯСНЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ, МОЮЩИЕ И ДЕЗИНФИЦИРУЮЩИЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ, ПОДГОТОВКА РАСТВОРОВ, КОНТРОЛЬ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МОЙКИ И ДЕЗИНФЕКЦИИ, ХРАНЕНИЕ ДЕЗСРЕДСТВ АННОТАЦИЯ: Рассмотрены вопросы санитарии и гигиены в цехах переработки птицы с учетом современных требований к производству мяса и мясных продуктов. Изложен порядок проведения ветеринарно-санитарных мероприятий с целью обеспечения качества и безопасности мяса птицы и птичьих мясных продуктов. Особое внимание обращается на сроки обеззараживания различных объектов и препараты для эффективной обработки помещений, оборудования, тары и инструментов. Отмечается необходимость своевременно разрабатывать, совершенствовать и утверждать инструкции по применению различных моющих и дезинфицирующих препаратов на предприятиях, по технике безопасности и правилам личной гигиены при работе с кислотными и щелочными дезсредствами. THE REQUIREMENTS TO VETERINARY SANITARY PROGRAMS FOR THE UNITS OF POULTRY PROCESSING ENTERPRISES (A REVIEW) KOZAK S.S.1, SERYOGIN I.G.2, KOZAK YU.A.3 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry” of Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Moscow State University of Food Production 3 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary of K.I. Skryabin and Y.R. Kovalenko” of Russian Academy of Sciences Different aspects of sanitary and hygiene in the premises and units of poultry processing enterprises are highlighted in relation to modern safety concepts in the meat branch of food industry. The programs and protocols for sanitary procedures and control providing quality and safety of poultry meat and meat derived products are described. Special attention is paid to the terms of regular disinfection of different objects and to the preparations for the effective disinfection of premises, equipment, packing materials, and devices. The necessity of constant upgrade and perfection of the application protocols for different detergents and disinfectants and labor safety and hygienic standards for the operations with alkaline and acidic disinfectants is emphasized. Keywords: POULTRY PROCESSING ENTERPRISES, POULTRY MEAT AND MEAT DERIVED PRODUCTS, DETERGENTS AND DISINFECTANTS, PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS, CONTROL OF EFFICIENCY OF CLEANING AND DISINFECTION, STORAGE OF DISINFECTANTS

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document